The events and reasons for taking the first step in China s modernization

It can be said that the Second Opium War and the suppression of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement were a fuse (reason) for China's Westernization Movement, which made some of China's ** (Li Hongzhang, Zeng Guofan, Zhang Zhidong and others) realize that in order to make the Qing ** no longer threatened by the foreign powers, maintain the rule of the Qing Dynasty, and advocate learning the advanced technology of the West, there are four main parts of the Westernization Movement: 1"Self-improvement" founded a series of modern military industries.

2. "Seeking wealth" has established a series of modern industries. 3. Plan coastal defense and establish three naval divisions in Nanyang, Beiyang and Fujian. 4. Cultivate military talents and establish the Jingshi Tongwen Museum.

The Westernization Movement did not make China rich and strong, but the military and civilian industries founded by the Westernization Movement laid the foundation for China's capitalist economy, cultivated a large number of military talents, and opened the floodgates of China's modernization.

Westernization Movement——

1. Put forward the concept of "Chinese body and Western use."

The idea is that the values of the Chinese have changed from "traditional people" to "modern people".

2. Modernization of China.

It provided a material basis and management experience, and promoted the emergence and development of China's national capitalism.

3. The Chinese proletariat and the bourgeoisie.

Grow gradually. 4. It is the beginning of China's educational and military modernization.

5. The first modern enterprises appeared.

Westernization Movement——Reason: internal and external troubles (internal: peasant uprisings continued, such as the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the Qing ** rule crisis was serious External: the two Opium Wars failed, and China was deeply affected by foreign aggression).

Westernization Movement——After the Second Opium War, the Qing Dynasty was in a difficult situation both internally and externally. Some of the more enlightened ** within the ruling group advocated the use of advanced Western production technology to strengthen the army and enrich the country, get rid of the predicament, and maintain the rule of the Qing Dynasty.

In 1840, Lin Zexu became the first person in China to open his eyes to the world, and then the First Opium War broke out in 1840, and the Treaty of Nanjing was signed in 1842. Reason: Britain in order to open the Chinese market.

Westernization Movement——It was the first large-scale imitation and implementation of Western-style industrialization in modern China, and it was a top-down reform movement under the premise of maintaining feudal imperial power.

Economic modernization is a Westernization movement, and the reason: self-improvement. Military modernization is Yuan Shikai's small station training, the reason: the First Sino-Japanese fiasco.

Take the initiative to take the first step, the Westernization movement, and learn from the long skills to self-improvement.

The Opium War marked the beginning of China's modernization.

The events that started the process of China's modernization were:

Westernization Movement: The 60s of the 19th CenturyObjectively, it has played a role in promoting the emergence and development of China's national capitalism and opened up the way for China's modernization.

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Rong founded the Military Industrial Burning Block: 1861: Anqing Inner Ordnance Institute.

Character: Zeng Guofan.

Location: Anqing 1865: Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau.

Character: Li Hongzhang.

Location: Shanghai 1866: Fuzhou Shipping Bureau.

Character: Zuo Zongtang.

Location: Establishment of civil industry in Fuzhou: 1872: China Merchants Steamship Bureau.

Character: Li Hongzhang.

Location: Shanghai 1880: Telegraph Office.

Character: Li Hongzhang.

Location: Tianjin 1893: Tangxu Railway.

Location: Tangshan Founding Navy: From the mid-70s of the 19th century, the Westernists began to plan coastal defense.

By the mid-80s, the Westernists had initially built three navies: Beiyang, Nanyang and Fujian.

At the same time, the Lushunkou and Weihaiwei naval bases were completed.

The Qing Dynasty also established a naval yamen. A modern navy appeared in China.

Establishment of a new style of school:

1.The Jingshi Tongwen Museum was the first new-style school founded by the Western-style school. Its purpose is to train foreign language translators and diplomatic talents.

Since then, the Westernists have successively opened a number of science and technology schools and military academies in various localities, cultivating a number of translators, military and scientific and technological talents, and opening a window for communicating modern Chinese and Western cultural exchanges and learning modern Western science and technology.

2.The Westernists also sent students to Western countries. Many of the international students have learned advanced Western culture and have played an active role in China's political, military, diplomatic, economic, and cultural activities in the future.

Westernization Movement——

The Westernization Movement was a "self-improvement" and "wealth-seeking" movement carried out by the Westernists in the 60s and 90s of the 19th century to introduce Western military equipment, machine production and science and technology to maintain feudal rule. Although this movement ended in failure, it opened the way for the beginning of China's modernization and the beginning of China's modernization.

Modernization, also known as modernization, derives from the same word "modernization" and is marked by economic industrialization and political democratization. In China, modernization is the transformation of society from industrialization and the political, economic, and cultural changes that accompany industrialization, that is, from medieval society to modern society.

Enlightenment

1.China's modernization is a long-term and arduous process, and it is simply impossible to achieve modernization without completing the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal tasks and achieving national independence.

2.Emancipating the mind and renewing concepts is the primary condition for promoting modernization. The ideology of thousands of years of entrenched feudalism has stubbornly hindered the process of China's modernization, and there is still a long way to go to eliminate its influence.

The prelude to China's modernization was the Opium War. The Opium War was a major historical event in modern Chinese history, taking place between 1840 and 1842. At that time, in order to solve the problem of imbalance, Britain sold a large amount of opium to China, which caused dissatisfaction in China.

Subsequently, China ordered the ban on opium, but it was strongly opposed by the British and fierce countries, which eventually led to the outbreak of the Opium War.

As a result of the Opium War, China was defeated, and the Qing Dynasty was forced to sign the Treaty of Nanjing, ceding Hong Kong and other places, opening five ports, paying reparations, etc. This marked the beginning of China's modern history and also opened the prelude to China's modernization. After the Opium War, China began to realize its own weakness and backwardness, and began to try to learn from the advanced technology and culture of the West to promote the development of China's modernization process.

The First Opium War, which took place between 1840 and 1842, was a war between the Qing Dynasty and the British. During the war, Britain launched an invasion of China under the pretext of China's policy of banning opium. According to the Treaty of Nanjing, China had to cede Hong Kong, open five treaty ports, pay huge indemnities, etc., and lose its sovereignty and dignity.

The defeat of the Opium War marked the beginning of China's modern history and China's beginning of a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, which became an important turning point in Chinese history.

The first Opium War of the 1840s.

Hello, the outbreak of the Opium War in 1840 related to the expansion: 1. The landmark event of China's entry into modern society is (the outbreak of the Opium War in 1840). 2. The Opium War, that is, the First Opium War.

The British often referred to it as the First Sino-British War or the "Trade War", a war of aggression launched by Britain against China from 1840 to 1842 and the beginning of modern Chinese history. In 1840 (the year of Daoguang's twentieth chachahu), the British decided to send an expeditionary force to invade China under the pretext of Lin Zexu's Humen cigarette sales. In June 1840, 47 British ships and 4,000 people of the army, under the leadership of Rear Admiral George, Yilu, and Yilu, the commercial superintendent in China, arrived outside the Pearl River Estuary in Guangdong one after another, blockaded Haikou, and the Opium War began.

3. The Opium War ended with China's defeat and reparations. China and Britain signed the Treaty of Nanjing, the first unequal treaty in Chinese history. China began to cede land, pay reparations, and negotiate tariffs with foreign countries, seriously jeopardizing China's sovereignty, and began to degenerate into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, losing its independent status, and promoting the disintegration of the small-scale peasant economy.

At the same time, the Opium War also opened a new chapter in the history of modern Chinese people's resistance to foreign aggression.