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The Earth's interior is generally divided into three concentric spheres: the crust, the mantle, and the core.
1. Earth's crust. The earth's crust is the surface layer of the earth and the place where humans (the vast majority of organic life on the earth) live and engage in various productive activities. The earth's crust is actually composed of many fractured blocks of different sizes, and its exterior is undulating, so the thickness of the earth's crust is not uniform
The average thickness of the earth's crust under the continent is about 35 kilometers, and the thickness of the earth's crust on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China is more than 65 kilometers. The thickness of the earth's crust under the ocean is only about 5 10 km; The average thickness of the Earth's crust is about 17 km, which is only a thin layer compared to the Earth's average radius of 6,371 km.
The upper layer of the earth's crust is a granite layer (magmatic rock), which is mainly composed of silicon-aluminum oxides; The underlying layer is a basalt layer (magmatic rock), composed mainly of silicon and magnesium oxides. It is theoretically believed that the temperature and pressure in the crust increase with depth, with every 100 m of depth1. Drilling results in recent years have shown that at depths of more than 3 km, the temperature increases for every 100 m to a depth of 200 km at a depth of 11 km.
2. Mantle. Below the Earth's crust is the Earth's mesosphere, called the "mantle", which is about 2,865 kilometers thick and is mainly composed of dense rock-forming material, which is the largest and most massive layer in the Earth's interior. The mantle can be divided into two layers, the upper mantle and the lower mantle.
It is believed that there is an asthenosphere at the top of the upper mantle, which is presumed to be caused by the melting of rocks due to the concentration of radioactive elements, metamorphosis and exothermy, and may be the source of magma. The part of the mantle above the asthenosphere and the earth's crust together form the lithosphere. The temperature, pressure, and density of the lower mantle all increase, and the matter is a plastic solid.
3. The Earth's core. Below the mantle is the core, which has an average thickness of about 3,400 kilometers. The earth's core can also be divided into three layers: the outer core, the transition layer and the inner core, the thickness of the outer core is about 2080 kilometers, and the material is roughly liquid and can flow. The thickness of the transition layer is about 140 km; The inner core is a sphere with a radius of 1,250 kilometers, and the matter is probably solid, mainly composed of metallic elements such as iron and nickel.
The temperature and pressure of the Earth's core are very high, estimated at temperatures above 5,000, pressures of more than 100 million kilopascals, and densities of 13 grams per cubic centimeter.
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The earth is divided into three parts: the crust, the mantle, and the core, with the central layer being the core, the middle mantle, and the outer layer being the crust.
The crust and mantle are bounded by the Moho plane, and the mantle and core are bounded by the Gutenberg plane. Mohorovic, a former Yugoslav scientist, accidentally discovered the interface between the earth's crust and the different substances beneath it. German scientist Gutenberg discovered that at a depth of 2,900 kilometers underground, there is another interface of different substances.
Later, in their honor, the two noodles were named "Moho Noodles" and "Gutenberg Noodles" respectively.
The Earth's core is the core part of the Earth and is located in the innermost part of the Earth. The radius is about 3470 km, mainly composed of iron and nickel elements, and the density is high, and the average density of the earth's core material is about grams per cubic centimeter. The temperature is very high, there are 4000 to 6800.
The mass of the Earth's core accounts for the mass of the entire Earth, and the volume accounts for the volume of the entire Earth. According to the changes in the ** wave, it is found that the earth's core also has the difference between the outer core and the inner core.
The mantle is between the Moho surface and the Gutenberg surface, with a thickness of more than 2800km, an average density, the volume accounts for about the volume of the earth, and the mass of the mantle accounts for about the total mass of the earth, which greatly affects the total composition of the earth's materials.
The process of the formation of the earth.
At 4.5 billion years ago, a large cloud of hydrogen molecules underwent an anomaly, known as gravitational collapse. When it collapses, all the mass is concentrated in a center, which is constantly compressed and rotated to form the sun. The rest is then flattened while spinning, forming a plate-like protoplanetary disk.
During this time, planets, meteoroids, moons, and other celestial bodies began to appear.
In the beginning, our earth was just a pitiful lump of gas, dust, and ice particles of only a kilometer, small and fragile. And then it keeps gathering other substances, which are about the size of a human hair. But over time, the slow but non-stop growth of 10 million to 20 million years grows larger.
The earth gradually took shape, and it became a big man, and this big man was covered with magma, and now the earth was blue and then the earth was horribly red, and the original earth was no different from hell.
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6 layers, crust (magmatic rocks, basalt) - upper and lower mantle (silicate mineral groups of iron and magnesium) - outer core (liquid iron, nickel, small amount of silicon-sulfur, etc.) - excessive layer (liquid iron, nickel, small amount of silicon-sulfur, etc.) - inner core (iron-nickel alloy).
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As mentioned above, the Earth's atmosphere rises vertically from the surface, and the atmosphere is usually divided into five layers: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. 1. The height of the troposphere is:
0 km 7 to 11 The altitude of the stratosphere is: 7 to 11 km 50 The height of the mesosphere is: 50 km 80 to 85 The height of the thermosphere is:
80 to 85 km The base of the high zone of the 800 fugitive layer is 800 km to 3000 km.
In the following words, there is the earth's crust, the mantle, and the core. The earth's crust is divided into sedimentary rock layers, silicon-aluminum layers and silicon-magnesium layers. The Earth's mantle is divided into the upper mantle and the lower mantle.
The earth's core is divided into foreign core and inland core. The earth's crust is about 30-70 km thick, the mantle is about 2850 km, and the core is about 3500 km thick
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What's on each floor? 6 layers, crust (magmatic rocks, basalt) - upper and lower mantle (silicate mineral groups of iron and magnesium) - outer core (liquid iron, nickel, small amount of silicon-sulfur, etc.) - excessive layer (liquid iron, nickel, small amount of silicon-sulfur, etc.) - inner core (iron-nickel alloy).
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The earth is made up of two parts: the outer sphere and the inner sphere. The outer sphere includes the biosphere, the atmosphere, and the hydrosphere: the Earth's biosphere covers the lower layers of the atmosphere, all of the hydrosphere, and the upper layers of the lithosphere; The atmosphere mainly includes the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere and fugitive layer; The hydrosphere covers 71% of the Earth's surface.
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The Earth's inner sphere is divided into the crust, mantle and core from the outside to the inside. The interface between the crust and the mantle is the Moho interface, and the interface between the mantle and the core is the Gutenberg interface. 1. The earth's crust is the outermost layer of the earth's solid surface structure, and the average thickness of the entire earth's crust is about 17 kilometers, of which the continental crust is larger.
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The earth is divided into four layers, which are the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core.
The earth can be divided into four layers, which are the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. These four layers vary in density and material composition, but all have a profound impact on the properties of the Earth.
Of these four layers, the earth's crust is the outermost part of the earth, which includes both the terrestrial and oceanic crust. The oceanic crust is mostly made up of basalt, while the terrestrial crust is made up of rocks such as granite, which not only differ in thickness but also in density.
The Earth's mantle, located beneath the Earth's crust, is the largest layer of the Earth, accounting for about 84% of the Earth's volume. The mantle can be divided into two layers, the upper mantle is composed of phyllites with a high iron content, and the lower mantle is composed mainly of iron-bearing mafic rocks.
The outer core is a layer under the Earth's mantle, about 2900-5100 km below the Earth's surface. Its substance is mainly composed of liquid metals iron and nickel, so the outer core is able to generate the Earth's magnetic field. The inner core, the deepest layer of the earth, is made up of solid iron and nickel, and the temperature and pressure are very high.
Although the core is solid, it is fluidity due to the extremely high temperature.
Characteristics of the Earth:
1. There is an atmosphere on Earth that is suitable for life. The Earth's atmosphere is a mixture of gases made up of air that protects the Earth's surface from threats such as solar radiation and asteroid debris. At the same time, oxygen in the atmosphere.
2. The earth has a large amount of water resources, accounting for about 70% of the earth's surface area. These include oceans, rivers, lakes, glaciers, and soil moisture. These water resources provide the basic conditions for human and other life.
3. The earth has a highly complex geological activity system. The tectonics of the earth make the earth constantly experience geological activities such as **, volcanic eruptions, and mountain ranges, which also affect the earth's environment and climate. The earth also has a powerful core that generates the earth's magnetic field, which has a protective effect on life on the earth and electronic devices.
4. The Earth is a widely connected planet. Factors such as atmospheric circulation, the water cycle, and the Earth's plate tectonics interconnect regions, while also making global issues such as pollution and resource extraction challenging.
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The earth has to go through four layers from space to space, which are the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere. The troposphere is between sea level and 10 km, the stratosphere is between 10 and 40 km, the mesosphere is between 40 and 80 km, the thermosphere is 80 and 370 km, and the outer atmosphere is between the air and the rest of the air above 370 km.
Space (English: space), which the Chinese dictionary explains is extremely high sky. The International Aviation Federation (IAF) in Geneva, Switzerland, defines the boundary between the atmosphere and space
The dividing line is 100 kilometers (about 62 miles) above sea level on the ridge, which is called the Kármán line. The Kármán line is named after Theodore von Kármán, a scientist of the United States.
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1) From the outside to the inside, the earth can be divided into the crust, upper mantle, lower mantle, outer core, and inner core.
2) The Earth's interior, like other terrestrial planets, can be divided into layers based on chemical or physical (rheology) properties. However, there is a clear difference between the inner core and outer core of the Earth, which is a feature not found in other terrestrial planets.
The Earth's outer layer is the crust composed of silicate minerals, and the lower part is a mantle composed of viscous solids, and the boundary between the mantle and the crust is the Moho discontinuum.
The thickness of the Earth's crust varies depending on the location, ranging from 6 km on the seafloor to 30 to 50 km on land, and the colder, harder upper layers of the Earth's crust and mantle are collectively called the lithosphere, and plates are formed in this area.
Below the lithosphere, the less viscous asthenosphere, which slides above the asthenosphere, occurs between 410 and 660 km below the surface, where significant changes in the crystal structure of the mantle occur between 410 and 660 km below the surface, the transition zone separating the upper mantle from the lower mantle.
Below the mantle is the core-mantle boundary (Gutenberg discontinuity) that separates the mantle from the core, and below is the very low-viscosity liquid outer core, and the innermost is the solid inner core.
The angular velocity of the inner core may be faster than that of the rest of the Earth, about 1,220 kilometers per year, about 1 5 of the Earth's radius.
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Earth is the third planet in the solar system from the inside to the outside, and it is also the terrestrial planet with the highest diameter, mass, and density in the solar system.
The earth is divided into several layersThe earth is mostly made up of two layers: the outer sphere and the inner sphere.
The outer sphere includes the biosphere, the atmosphere, and the hydrosphere: the Earth's biosphere covers the lower layers of the atmosphere, all of the hydrosphere, and the upper layers of the lithosphere; The atmosphere mainly includes the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere and fugitive layer; The hydrosphere covers 71% of the Earth's surface (seawater, freshwater).
The inner sphere includes three parts: the crust, the mantle and the core: the crust is the outermost layer of the inner sphere, which is composed of weathered soil and hard rock, so the crust can also be called the lithosphere, accounting for the volume of the earth; The area where the Guhs discontinuity extends from about 2,900 km deep to about 33 km deep is called the mantle. The Earth's core is located within the Gullys discontinuity, which is divided into two parts by the Kaminari Raid discontinuity: the core with a radius of about 1250 km, and the liquid outer core that extends from the outer core to about 3500 km from the center of the earth.
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