What are the different types of deadweight tonnage of bulk carriers?

Domestic transportation, that is, domestic trade ships, also have large-tonnage ships, such as 350,000 tons, mainly because they are old, more than 20 years, or even 30 years old, after all, domestic PSC and other inspections are sparse. But the mainstream is still less than 10,000 tons!

Most of the near-ocean ones are less than 10,000 tons, such as China, Japan and South Korea.

Ocean-going or global-looking ones are not necessarily more than 50,000 tons! A lot of handysize ships 2-5W T bulk carriers are running around the world!

The following are the main types of ships by tonnage.

Panamax Bulk Carrier: As the name suggests, this type of vessel refers to the passage of the Panama Canal with a full load.

The largest bulk carrier, that is, it mainly meets the relevant regulations on canal navigation with a total length of ships not exceeding meters and a width of not exceeding meters. According to the need, adjust the size, type and structure of the ship to change the load capacity, the load capacity of this type of ship is generally between 60,000 tons.

Cape. Capesize bulk carrier: refers to a bulk carrier with a deadweight of about 150,000 tons, which is used to transport iron ore.

Mainly, due to scale constraints it is impossible to pass through the Panama Canal and the Suez Canal.

It is necessary to detour the Cape of Good Hope and Cape Horn, Taiwan Province.

It is called the "headland" type. As the Suez Canal authorities have relaxed the draft restrictions on vessels passing through the canal in recent years, most of these vessels can pass through the canal with full loads.

Handysize bulk carrier: refers to a bulk carrier with a deadweight of about 250,000 tons, of which ships with a load of more than 40,000 tons are also known as handymax bulk carriers. As we all know, dry bulk cargo is a bulk cargo by sea, and these relatively small tonnage ships have strong adaptability to waterways, canals and ports, moderate deadweight tonnage, and are mostly equipped with lifting and unloading equipment, convenient and flexible operation, so they are called "handy".

Lake Bulk Carrier: Refers to the Great Lakes at the junction of the United States and Canada via the St. Lawrence Waterway.

Bulk carriers in the region mainly carry coal, iron ore and grain. The scale of this type of ship should meet the navigation requirements of the St. Lawrence waterway, the total length of the ship does not exceed meters, the width does not exceed meters, and any part of the bridge shall not extend out of the hull, the draft shall not exceed the maximum allowable draft of major waters, and the height of the top of the mast from the water surface shall not exceed meters, and the ship of this type is generally about 30,000 tons, and most of them are equipped with lifting and unloading equipment.

1. Dry cargo ship:

It is a cargo ship that mainly carries dry cargo, but can also carry liquid cargo in barrels. Including general cargo ships, bulk carriers, multi-purpose ships three categories. General cargo ships are dry cargo ships that mainly carry general cargo such as packages, bundles, and barrels, and can also carry some bulk cargo.

Bulk carriers are dry cargo ships that specialize in transporting bulk cargo, such as transporting bulk cargo such as grain, ore, and coal.

2. Liquid cargo ship:

A general term for cargo ships used to carry bulk liquid cargo. It can transport oil, water, vegetable oil, wine, ammonia, and other chemical liquids and liquefied gases. It mainly includes ** ships, product oil tankers, liquid chemical tankers, liquefied petroleum gas carriers, liquefied natural gas carriers, etc.

Some of the loaded goods are flammable and explosive, some of them are polluting to the environment after the ship is damaged, and some of the chemicals are extremely toxic.

3. Refrigerated ship:

Cargo ships that transport fresh vegetables and perishable goods. It mostly operates on regular liner ships with speeds of up to 20 22 kilometers per hour. In order to prevent the transported goods from being crushed, multi-layer decks are often set up, and have good heat and moisture retention functions.

According to the different forms of refrigeration, refrigerated ships are divided into refrigerated cabin ships and refrigerated container ships.

4. Container ship:

It is a cargo ship that specializes in transporting containers developed to improve transportation efficiency. The ship type is thin, single-layer continuous deck, tail type, high power, fast speed, and high stability requirements; The cargo hold opening is large (can account for 70% to 80% of the ship's width), the size is standardized, and the average tonnage is large.

5. Ro-Ro ship:

A cargo ship that carries a loading vehicle or is loaded and unloaded horizontally in a rolling manner. Cargo loading and unloading is not a vertical lifting in and out of the cargo hatch on the deck, but through the opening of the bow, stern or both sides of the ship and the gangplank to the dock, the container or cargo is transported from the cabin to the dock by a trailer or forklift with a chassis on wheels.

6. Carrying barges:

A type of ship that uses a mother ship lift and rolling equipment to load a barge into the mother ship, or uses the lifting equipment on the mother ship to lift the barge (sub-ship) from the water and then put it into the mother ship.

Huge cargo ships. huge [ jù dà ].

size, number, etc.).

Xie Jueya, "Unconfused Collection, Unity, Humility, and Progress": "Therefore, it is necessary to have a core of unity, like a huge gravitational force, to attract all working people and all progressive forces. ”

Synonym. 一、高 [ qiáng dà ]

Strength) is strong and strong.

"In Memory of Dr. Sun Yat-sen": "China will become a powerful socialist industrial country. ”

2. Haoda [ hào dà ].

momentum, scale, etc.) grand; Huge.

Lu Xun's "Collection of Letters: To Cao Jinghua": "However, the cost of this matter is huge, and it is probably just a fantasy. ”

Ships that mainly carry goods and carry less than 12 passengers. Most of its space is used for the storage of cargo. Cargo ships come in many sizes, with displacements ranging from hundreds of tons to hundreds of thousands of tons.

Introduction A ship used to carry passengers and cargo, also known as a merchant ship. As a means of transportation, ships have the advantage of large carrying capacity and low operating costs compared with those used in other modes of transportation. With the development of the world economy, modern transport ships have formed a huge fleet of various types, complex technologies and highly specialized.

Development Profile. The development of transport ships has roughly gone through three stages: rafts, wooden sailing ships (see sailboats) and steam engine ships, and is now in the era of steel ships with diesel engines as the basic power (see History of the Development of Transport Ships). As early as prehistoric times, humans have used rafts as a means of water transportation. During the long historical period from ancient Egyptian times to the early 19th century, wooden sailing boats were the main means of water transportation.

After the invention of the steam engine, transport ships entered a new era of steam engine power in the early 19th century, and shipbuilding materials gradually replaced wood with iron. Early steam engine ships were propelled by huge paddlewheels mounted on both sides, so motor ships are often called steamships in China. After the middle of the 19th century, propellers gradually replaced paddle wheels, and shipbuilding materials also developed from iron to steel, and the tonnage of ships continued to increase.

At the end of the 19th century, steam turbines and diesel engines were introduced one after another, which provided new power for ships. After the Second World War, diesel engine power gradually became dominant. Now, almost all transport ships are powered by diesel engines.

In the 70s of the 19th century, Britain opened regular routes over the Atlantic Ocean specializing in passenger traffic. Previously, transport ships were mixed with passengers and cargo. Since then, developed countries have competed to build large passenger ships that are well-equipped, luxurious and comfortable.

Since the 60s of the 20th century, long-distance passenger ships at sea have been gradually replaced by long-range jet airliners, but tourist ships with smaller tonnage and tourist purposes and car passenger ships that can carry private cars at the same time have developed. The early steam engine cargo ships were general cargo ships. Oil tankers began to appear at the beginning of the 20th century.

In the 40s, bulk carriers were separated from general cargo ships again. Oil tankers and bulk carriers account for a large proportion of the world's merchant fleet by tonnage; Traditional general cargo ships still rank first in terms of number of ships. Since the 60s, transport ships have been further specialized, and a series of new types of ships have emerged, such as container ships, liquefied gas carriers, ro-ro ships, barges, etc.

Container ships have developed the most rapidly, and the transportation of general cargo in developed countries has basically been containerized.

Cargo ships that return with full loads, cargo ships that shuttle back and forth, cargo ships that ride the wind and waves, huge cargo ships, cargo ships with advanced technology, and expensive cargo ships.

Cargo ships should be ships that specialize in transporting goods at sea and on rivers.

A cargo ship, a row of cargo ships, a fleet of cargo ships, full of cargo ships, repair cargo ships, docked cargo ships, 10,000-ton cargo ships, small cargo ships.

Tens of tons to hundreds of thousands of tons, there are all. Generally, in the detailed design, the deadweight tonnage of the ship has been determined, depending on the parameters of the ship.

The size of the ship is related to length, width, depth, draft, etc. Rough calculation: length * width * type depth * coefficient (. For example, a cargo ship with a length of 60 meters, a width of 10 meters, and a depth of meters, is loaded with about 1080 tons and 1260 tons.

Ships: A general term for all types of vessels. A ship is a means of transportation or operation that can sail or moor in waters, and has different technical performance, equipment and structural types according to different use requirements. A ship is a man-made vehicle that operates mainly in geographic water.

In addition, civilian ships are generally called ships, and military ships are called ships.

Tens of tons to hundreds of thousands of tons, there are all.

Large ships sail in a variety of seas, and different seas have different specific gravity in different seasons. In summer, when the temperature of the sea rises, the volume expands, and the specific gravity decreases. In winter, the specific gravity will increase again, and the wind and waves of different oceans will be different in different seasons.

In each ocean, the amount of salt in the sea is also different, and the sea water in the Indian Ocean has less salt and the specific gravity is naturally small; The North Atlantic Sea has a high salt content and a large specific gravity.

When a large ship full of cargo sails in the sea, it is necessary to take into account the different proportions of seawater. For example, if a ship sails in a relatively large sea, it carries a lot of cargo and has a deep draft, and once it sails into the sea with a small specific gravity, it will receive less floating water, which will deepen the draft, and if it encounters strong winds and waves, it may be dangerous.

This is divided into ship types.

Generally, general cargo ships range from thousands to tens of thousands of tons.

Container ships are generally calculated with TEU, converted into tonnage, and hundreds of thousands, capped bulk carriers, which are currently 400,000 tons of Vale, Brazil.

The largest tanker is 560,000 tons.

It's up to you to decide how much to load, and now the largest are up to 400,000 tons of VLOC ore sand boats, and the small ones are less than a pound of fishing nesting boats.

Bulk carrier is the abbreviation of bulk carrier, which is specially used to transport unwrapped goods, such as coal, ore, timber, hosiery and livestock, grain, etc. Ships that transport bulk dry rolling bulk cargo such as grain, coal, ore, salt, cement, etc., can be called dry bulk carriers, or simply bulk carriers.

Because the dry bulk carrier has a single type of cargo, it does not need to be packed into bundles, bales, and containers for loading and transportation, and it is not afraid of extrusion and is easy to load and unload, so it is a single-deck ship. If the total load capacity is more than 50,000 tons, the loading equipment is generally not installed. Due to the large variation in the stowage factor (volume per ton of cargo) of grain, coal and mineral sands, etc., the size of the required cargo hold, the structure of the hull, the arrangement and the equipment vary in many aspects.

Therefore, it is generally customary to call only ships carrying goods such as grain and coal with similar stowage factors as bulk carriers, while ships carrying goods such as ore with small stowage factors are called ore carriers.

Ships that transport bulk dry bulk cargo such as coal, ore, salt, grain, cement, etc., can be called dry bulk carriers, or simply bulk carriers.

Because the dry bulk carrier has a single type of cargo, it does not need to be packed into bundles, bales, and boxes for loading and transportation, and it is not afraid of extrusion and is easy to load and unload, so it is a single-deck ship. If the total load capacity is more than 50,000 tons, the loading equipment is generally not installed. Because the stowage factor (volume per ton of cargo) of grain, coal and ore is very different, and the size of the required cargo hold, the structure, layout and equipment of the hull are different in many aspects, so it is generally customary to only load grain, coal and other goods with similar stowage factors of ships called bulk carriers, and ships loaded with small stowage factors such as ore and other goods are called ore carriers.

18,000 gross tons, the deadweight tonnage of the Bi Hunger bulk carrier is tons. The formula for the conversion between deadweight tonnage and gross tonnage: gross tonnage = deadweight tonnage (full load displacement tonnage) conversion factor. The bulk carrier regrets returning 10,000 gross tons in the spring, and the conversion coefficient is Senheng. Therefore, deadweight tonnage = 18000.