What does Junker mean in Junkers air preheaters What is the origin of Junkers ?

The Junkers air preheater is a kind of rotary air preheater, which is a rotary air preheater that says that the rotor rotates and the shell does not move. There is also an air preheater in which the rotor does not move and the shell rotates. Because of this rotor turning, the shell does not move in the form of a rotary air preheater invented by an Englishman named Juncker, whose patent is the owner.

In 1923, the British company Howden purchased its patent, and it was first commercialized in the world.

The Junker economy was a form of economy in Germany during the Prussian period. In the Junker state, the Junker economy, the model of economic development dominated by the Junkers class, is the Junker economy.

Junker is a transliteration of junker and represents the noble landowning class of Prussia. From the 16th century onwards, the Junkers dominated all aspects of Prussia's politics, economy, and military, and for this reason, Prussia was once known as the Junker state.

The model of the Juncker economy:

Under the Junker economy, most of the country's land was in the hands of the Junker landlords; Before the rise of the bourgeoisie, the Junker landlords were preoccupied with thinking about how to obtain a better harvest on their estates through their diligent management and exploitation of the blood and sweat of the serfs. Any effort to change the status quo is deviant, and anything that affects the normal operation of one's own estate is a great rebellion. It can be said that the Junker landlords were once a very conservative and stubborn class.

The Prussian economy under their dominance was also dead.

The rise of the bourgeoisie gave a breath of fresh air to the heads of the Junker landlords, who gradually began to learn how to develop commerce while heavy on agriculture, while the bourgeoisie also tried to squeeze into the aristocratic camp, and the possibility of merging the two classes appeared. However, this still did not change the deep-rooted feudal conservatism of the Junker landlords, who absolutely did not give their farm workers any possibility of fleeing the land and becoming free men. Prussia did not have a large burgher class and did not have sufficient wage workers, so the development of factory crafts was very slow.

Junker is a transliteration of the German word junker, originally referring to the children of nobles without knightly titles, and later to Prussian nobles and large landowners.

The transliteration of the German word junker is derived from jungherr, which means "son of a landlord" or "little master". Originally a class of aristocratic landowners in Prussia. Since the 16th century, he has monopolized important military and political positions for a long time and held the leadership of the country.

In the middle of the 19th century, it began to become a capitalist and became a semi-feudal noble landlord. It was the collapse of Prussia and the German states that were the backbone of reactionary forces after the union of the second half of the 19th century. After the Second World War, as a class, it was largely wiped out.

Know the Junker aristocracy.

Junker is a transliteration of the German word junker, the aristocratic landowning class of Prussia. From the 16th century onwards, Juncker used serf labor to run the hacienda economy, and for a long time monopolized Prussian military and political positions, holding the leadership of the country. In order to adapt to the development of capitalist relations of production, Prussia carried out a series of reforms in the first half of the 19th century.

Junker landlords, a special class in Germany, were generally mostly the aristocratic class at that time, and after the rise of capitalism, the new capitalists and the old Junkers landlords interpenetrated.

Junker landlords were aristocratic landowners in the eastern part of Germany, represented by Prussia. During the transition from a feudal to a capitalist society in Germany, the Junker landlords had a long monopoly on important military and political positions.

The Junkers landlords controlled most of the land economically. Compared with the landlords of other European countries, the Junkers in Germany were more industrious and conservative. In the nineteenth century, with the rise of the bourgeoisie, the Junkers landlords gradually began to engage in capitalist management, occupying an important position in the German economy.

On the one hand, they developed agriculture and commerce at the same time, and joined a large number of industries and banks, but at the same time, they changed the form of agricultural operations, changing from rent-collecting landlords to agricultural entrepreneurs. At the same time, the bourgeoisie sought to squeeze into the ranks of the aristocracy. Eventually, the economic interests of the Junker landlords and the bourgeoisie converged.

Prussia was a Junker state, and the power of the burgher class here was very weak. On the one hand, due to the devastation of the war, the development of the factory handicraft industry was slow, which accounted for less than 10% of the total economy of the country, and their market depended largely on the living expenses of the feudal princes and nobles and the expenses of the army; On the other hand, at the end of the 18th century, when Britain and France had long since overcome the traditional shackles of guilds, the German handicraft industry was still controlled by the guilds, the ancient laws and regulations were still strictly enforced, and all paths that could promote competition and innovation were ruthlessly blocked by feudal shackles. This economic dependence, as well as the inherent inadequacy of its own strength, caused the German bourgeoisie to be politically cowardly and groveling to feudal power.

Juncker has long held state power and has become the only class capable of leading the great cause of national reunification.

The Junkers economy held the lifeblood of the country's economy, and the Junkers had a monopoly on grain exports, while also exempting them from export duties. In the Prussian army, the Junkers occupied all the officer positions. Serfdom in Prussia differed from earlier serfdom in that it was the result of the development of commodity production.

Agricultural production has become profitable as grain and various agricultural products have become increasingly important commodities and have risen to the top. As a result, the Junker landlords began to seize peasant land, merge them into large granges, and develop capitalist commodity production for the market.

"Junker" is a transliteration of the German junker, which originally meant "son of a landlord" or "little master". It first referred to the small landowners who had acquired land by foreign military conquest after the Teutonic Knights established the Duchy of Prussia in 1525, and later used to refer to all Prussian landlords and nobles.

Leading the movement for German unification and the establishment of the Second German Reich in 1871 were the Junkers, the nobles of the Kingdom of Prussia, represented by Bismarck.

Therefore, after the reunification of Germany, until the defeat and collapse of the Second German Reich in 1918, Juncker controlled the regime, especially the military power. However, after the Second Industrial Revolution, German capitalism developed rapidly and entered the stage of monopoly capitalism, i.e., imperialism, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. But it was still the Junkers who actually held the power of the state, but these Junkers also increasingly shared common interests with the bourgeoisie by adopting capitalist methods of agriculture and investment in industry, and launched wars of aggression on their behalf.

In this way, Germany in the late 19th and early 20th centuries had characteristics that other imperialism did not have:

On the one hand, the Junker aristocratic landlords controlled state power;

On the other hand, the bourgeoisie also shares power and has entered the stage of monopoly capitalism, i.e. imperialism. Lenin therefore summed it up as "Junker bourgeois imperialism".

The Junker aristocrat is the son of a nobleman.