The outer shell and internal composition of the cell, the internal structure of the cell and the fun

Generally speaking, the internal structure of plant cells can be divided into: the cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus;

Function: Cell wall: it plays a role in fixing, supporting and protecting the internal structure of the cell morphology;

Cell membrane: the passage through which substances enter and leave the cell;

Cytoplasm: provides nutrients such as water and inorganic salts for cells;

Nucleus: Controls the growth, reproduction, etc. of cells.

Compared with plant cells, motocyte response cells generally have no cell wall, and the structure and function of other parts are similar to those of plant cells.

The cell surface is composed of three parts: the cell surface, that is, the inner part of the plasma membrane where proteins and glycolipids extend out of the outer part of the lipid bilayer, the substance that adheres firmly to the cell surface, the extracellular substance.

1. Cell wall. The main components are cellulose and pectin. It consists of three parts:

Compartment layer, primary wall, secondary wall. Function: Maintain the shape of cells and prevent the loss of water.

2. Chlorophyll. The double late residue layer membrane contains chlorophyll and can carry out photosynthesis. 3. Vacuoles.

The monolayer membrane is quiet, and the main component of the liquid is water. Function: Stores substances (sugars, proteins, pigments, etc.), regulates the intracellular environment.

On the surface of the cell membrane, there is a layer of glycoprotein formed by the combination of proteins and sugars on the cell membrane, which is called glycocoat. It has an important function in cellular life activities. For example, glycoproteins on the surface of epithelial cells in the digestive and respiratory tracts have protective and lubricating effects; Sugars are closely related to cell surface recognition.

It has been found that the recognition of glycoproteins on the surface of animal cells is like the words or language used to communicate between cells, or between cells and other macromolecules. In addition to glycoproteins, there are glycolipids formed by the combination of sugars and lipid molecules on the surface of the cell membrane.

Reference: Biology Compulsory 1

It mainly contains polysaccharides, which have the functions of transmitting information and identification.

Glycoproteins protect lubrication and identify (information exchange).

Cells are the basic structural and functional units of living organisms.

It is known that all organisms except viruses are composed of cells, but the life activities of viruses must also be reflected in cells. Generally speaking, most microorganisms such as bacteria and protozoa are composed of a single cell, that is, a single-celled organism; Higher plants and higher animals are multicellular organisms. Cells can be divided into two categories:

Prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells. However, some people have proposed that the dust should be divided into three categories, that is, the ancient karyotic cells, which originally belonged to prokaryotic cells, should be separated as a parallel category. The discipline that studies cells is called cell biology.

The largest living cell in the world is the egg of an ostrich.

Structure: Animal cells have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. The cytoplasm of animal cells includes the cytoplasmic matrix and organelles.

Plant cells have a cell wall, a cell membrane, a cytoplasm, and a nucleus. The cytoplasm of plant spring hand high cells includes cytoplasmic matrix and organelles.

The organelles of plant cells include: endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, ribosomes, lysosomes, chloroplasts, vacuoles.

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