What is the difference between genetic disease, congenital disease, familial disease, infectious dis

The transmission route is different, I won't say that the subdivision is too complicated, simply put, the previous generation is passed on to the next generation, congenital diseases may also be inherited, or they may have cell mutations during the embryonic period, and familial diseases are also genetic diseases, but they are all suffered from in the family, that is, they have been inherited since a long time ago and developed into a family. Infectious diseases are the transmission of bacteria and viruses through the transmission of infection routes, the transmission routes are: droplet infection, that is, through talking and sneezing and other droplets from the human body, body material infection, that is, through saliva, excrement, etc., material contact transmission, blood transmission I don't want to go into details, then if you don't understand blood transmission, I don't need to say it

1. Genetic disease: refers to the transmission of pathogenic genes from close relatives to offspring.

Congenital disease: refers to a disease that has been formed in the mother's body and is present at birth.

2. Genetic diseases: some of them do show abnormalities at birth, such as deafness, polydactyly, etc., but there are also a considerable number of genetic diseases that do not manifest abnormalities at birth, and only appear with age, such as hemophilia, progressive muscular dystrophy, etc.

Congenital disease: If the fetus is affected by external environmental factors during pregnancy, the fetal disease is a congenital disease rather than a genetic disease, because it is not passed on to offspring.

3. Familial diseases: Genetic diseases are familial. However, some familial diseases are not all hereditary diseases, and the transmission of genes is the basis for the pathogenesis of genetic diseases.

Several people in the same family may share a gene for the same disease because they are of the same ancestry. Therefore, the occurrence of the disease may be familial.

References: Genetic diseases"> genetic disorders.

Congenital disorders"Congenital disorders

Familial disorders"Familial disorders

What is a familial disease?

Genetic diseases refer to diseases in which the pathogenic genes of close relatives are passed on to the offspring, and the pathogenic genes cause abnormal morphology, structure, physiological functions and biochemical processes in the offspring. Genetic diseases do not always appear clinically after birth and can develop at a later stage, while some diseases are clinically symptomatic after birth but are not hereditary.

Congenital diseases are diseases that have formed in the mother's womb and are present at birth. Congenital disorders can be genetic or not. If genetic factors are involved in the formation of a disease in the fetus in the mother's body, then the disease is a genetic disease; If the fetus is sick during pregnancy due to external environmental factors, the fetus is a congenital disease rather than a genetic disease, because it is not passed on to offspring.

Familial diseases are familial diseases, but some familial diseases are not all hereditary. The transmission of genes is the basis for the pathogenesis of genetic diseases. Since the same family consists of several people, they may share a gene for the same disease because they are of the same ancestry.

Therefore, the occurrence of the disease may be familial.

However, different members of the same family, because they live in the same living environment and conditions, can cause different members of the family to have the same disease, and can also show the familial nature of the disease, but not a genetic disease, such as night blindness is often familial, but not a genetic disease, Hu Yuan is caused by vitamin A deficiency caused by the dietary conditions of this family.

To put it simply, a familial disease can be called a genetic disease, in which a patient with a certain disease (i.e., a proband) appears in one lineage, and there are also people in the offspring who develop the same disease, and the people of this family are more likely to suffer from this disease than the general population; Congenital diseases can be hereditary, but they can also be caused by external environmental factors during the development of the fetus, and this type should not be classified as genetic diseases.

Genetic diseases have nothing to do with congenital diseases, but the genetic mutation of an individual, but the direction of the mutation is wrong, and the result is a problem.

Familial disease, what should I say, long-standing type?

Genetic diseases should not only include familial diseases, but may also be inherited from the parents to the next generation.

Most cancers are not inherited, but a small number of cancers do, such as:

Breast cancer: If the mother has breast cancer, the daughter is 2 to 3 times more likely to develop breast cancer than a normal woman. Mu Chi Bi.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma has a clear racial predisposition, regional clustering, and familial tendency.

Gastric cancer: The appearance of gastric cancer has a lot to do with heredity, and there is obvious familial aggregation. If at least two people in a family for one or two generations have the disease, and one person is younger than 50 years old, and all patients are diffuse, it may be hereditary stomach cancer.

It should be noted that heredity does not mean hereditary disease, but the probability of heredity is higher than that of the general population. Therefore, even if someone in the family has cancer, it does not mean that all people will inherit the same disease, because cancer is a polygenic genetic disease, in addition to genetic factors, it is also related to acquired environment, lifestyle, dietary habits and other factors.