Changes in the status of scholars in the Ming Dynasty 5

During the Hongwu period, the centralization of power was strengthened, the prime minister was abolished, and the Huagai Palace, the Jinshen Palace, the Wuying Palace, the Wenhua Palace, the Wenyuan Pavilion, the East Pavilion and other palaces and scholars were established. The Cabinet is primarily a purely transactional body, with academics acting as advisers and making decisions on everything.

After Yongle, the cabinet was gradually improved, participated in government affairs, and consulted with all major military and political affairs.

After Renzong, the power of the cabinet was raised, and most of the people who entered the cabinet were Shangshu and Shilang, drafting edicts and approving the chapter (vote), although the official quality was low, but he actually held the power of the prime minister. Among them, the first assistant has the heaviest powers and presides over the cabinet.

The scholar was the secretary of the emperor, and it was established to prevent the prime minister's power from being too great and dividing the power. It was not until the Qing Dynasty that the system and institutions were formally established, and the system was further improved. Equivalent to today's Deputy Prime Minister.

They are only responsible for the maintenance of records, examiners, lecturers, paper readers, interpreters and other duties and work related to cultural and educational affairs. They have no real power, they are equivalent to the current Standing Committee.

1. The establishment time is different.

In the fifteenth year of Hongwu (1382), he set up a scholar of the palace pavilion and was an advisor to the emperor.

The cabinet was established in the fourth year of Jianwen (1402).

2. The reasons are different.

After the abolition of the prime minister, the major government affairs of the country were handled by the emperor himself, and Ming Taizu had to approve more than 200 pieces of music and handle more than 400 state affairs on average every day, and he was very busy, so he set up another palace scholar and attendant to prepare for consultants.

Although Zhu Di, the ancestor of the Ming Dynasty, had the same eloquence and strategy as Zhu Yuanzhang, he could not really take charge of political affairs due to his repeated imperial conquests, so a "assistant" institution to help the emperor - the cabinet came into being.

3. The authority is different.

In the beginning, the scholars had no real power, similar to today's secretarial positions. After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, he gradually participated in confidential information and was actually a cabinet chief. Drafting edicts, approving and answering on behalf of the emperor, and actually holding the power of the prime minister.

The cabinet, the emperor's advisory body, gradually increased its power after that, and later formed the administrative center of the Ming Dynasty. By the middle of the Ming Dynasty, Xia Yan, Yan Song and others were in charge of the cabinet, and their status was the real prime minister, and they could also suppress the six ministries.

Yes, the Cabinet system was gradually formed.

The status of the Cabinet Scholars is relatively low, quite the current think tank, and the status of the Cabinet Scholars is relatively high, which is equivalent to the current ***. The palace scholar is only a matter of the cabinet, and after the cabinet has it, there will be no palace. The head of the cabinet is quite a prime minister of a Western country.

In the Ming Dynasty, there were a total of 6 scholars, namely "four halls" and "two pavilions".

In order of status:

The four halls, the Middle Pole Hall Scholar (formerly the Huagai Palace), the Jianji Hall Scholar (formerly the Jinshen Palace), the Mandarin Hall Scholar, and the Wuying Hall Scholar. Two pavilions, Wenyuan Pavilion University Scholar, East Pavilion University Scholar.

In the Ming Dynasty, Yang Yiqing was the one who had the most scholars. He was originally a scholar of the Ministry of Officials, a scholar of Wuyingdian University, a young master, and still a prince and a prince.

Later, he was promoted to the rank of prince and teacher, and was a scholar of the palace.

Later, he was promoted to the Zuozhu Kingdom and the Huagai Temple.

It should be noted that there is no difference in the rank and position of the scholars of each hall. Hierarchical positions should be reflected in the official positions they hold concurrently. The name of the palace is only related to the rank of the queue during the previous dynasty, which is a kind of honor.

When we have watched some ancient dramas, we will all hear about the position of university scholar in ancient dramas, and university scholars are the most educated in the entire imperial court, but there are many different kinds of university scholars, what is the difference? What is the difference between Wenyuan Pavilion University Scholar and Wuying Pavilion University Scholar?

In fact, the scholar is not unique to the Qing Dynasty, but the Qing Dynasty after the Qing soldiers entered the customs, following the Ming Dynasty's system to establish an official position, in this official position, it is also the highest chief in all the cabinets, in the early Qing Dynasty there were 6 scholars, this scholar is in charge of 6 different aspects. But when it came to Qianlong, Qianlong finally established the official position of university scholar as a real official position determined by the Qing Dynasty.

Among the scholars, at the beginning, the scholars of the Zhonghe Temple were the first, and then the scholars of the East Pavilion with the lowest status, but by the time of Qianlong, the scholars began to become different from the previous system, and he believed that the bachelors of the Baohe Hall were the first, and then the lowest scholars of the Tiren Pavilion.

University scholars are not only responsible for recording a lot of historical materials, but also compiling books, as the chief examiner of the examination, and in the Spring and Autumn Ceremony of the sacrificial meeting, they are all in charge of the university scholars, it can be said that the university scholars were also very important at that time.

However, although the bachelors of the Qing Dynasty have the name of the prime minister, they do not have the power of the prime minister.

In fact, in the past generations, there have been official positions such as university scholars, and they also have great power. But the bachelors of the Qing Dynasty are a little different from the bachelors of previous dynasties, they have much less power, they only preside over some national examinations, and they have no real power.

Scholars were a kind of noble figure among the Qing civil officials, they were very powerful, and most of them were able to speak directly to the emperor. The status of the great academics is purely based on the intimate relationship with the emperor.

In the Qing Dynasty, a scholar was an official position, mainly responsible for the imperial examinations, the presiding over the sacrifices at the Spring and Autumn ceremonies, and so on. Although the position of a bachelor in the Qing Dynasty can be compared to that of a prime minister, he has no real power.

The bachelors of the Qing Dynasty were equivalent to the former prime ministers and the current prime ministers at that time, and the difference between the scholars of Wenyuan Pavilion and Wuyingdian was that they had different degrees of dignity and inferiority, and later their powers were weakened.

Before the establishment of the Military Aircraft Department, the power of the scholar was still very high, and then it was gradually hollowed out, and the scholar was divided into many ranks, among which the noble rank of the scholar of Wuyingdian was higher than that of the scholar of Wenyuan Pavilion.

In fact, this is an official position in ancient times, and then different universities have different positions, and the projects they are responsible for are also different, and the status of scholars in the Qing Dynasty can even be compared to the prime minister, but they have no real power in their hands, just to help the emperor do something.

When the university scholars first started, their status was very high, representing the highest rank of civil service. But with the establishment of the Military Aircraft Department, the university scholars slowly became nominal in name.

A scholar was the equivalent of the emperor's secretary. Scholars are also divided into grades, which usually have nothing to do with their knowledge, but only look at who has a closer relationship with the emperor and who can give the emperor more useful policies and strategies, and who has a higher rank.

It is the students who have been accepted into the doors of each hall, but these students are all from the Hanlin Academy, and they are all the top three in the imperial examination. He has no official qualities, and he has not been appointed, but he is a spare person.

The status of the bachelor in the Qing Dynasty was only under the emperor, that is to say, it was equivalent to the status of the prime minister, and the status of the bachelor in various palaces was not the same, you can go to learn more about it.

The scholar was a position to assist the emperor, equivalent to the emperor's personal secretary, but later, as the number of institutions increased, the scholar became less and less valued.