Solving.. Confucius s Confucian urgency, about Confucius and his understanding of Confucianism

Come one by one! I can't explain it in one sentence.

Confucius is the master of Confucianism, but Confucius is not equal to Confucianism, and Confucianism is not equal to Confucius.

The following is an excerpt of Mr. Pang Pu's views on Confucius and Confucianism for your reference

Confucius founded a school of thought and left behind a lot of ideological materials that future generations could use to start from. The influence of his teachings in later generations can be explained in some of the ideas of Confucius itself, and some of them need to seek answers from the social conditions of each era.

Confucius did not claim to be a saint, and he was legally a saint after Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. In the Han Dynasty, Lao Tzu was invited at first, and Confucius was invited later. Confucius was able to sit firmly on the throne of the saint and become the "master of all ages", compared with Han Fei's "cruelty and widowhood" and Lao Tzu's "quiet and inaction", Confucius's benevolent and courteous rule is more conducive to rule.

Generally speaking, most of the respect for Confucius by later generations is still out of use, that is, the "stepping stone" pointed out by Lu Xun. Therefore, Confucius's face is often changed at any time, and Confucius's thoughts are often arbitrarily extended, that is, the Confucian reverence of the past generations did not really respect Confucius, but only respected their own interests.

The face of Confucius in the Song Dynasty was very different from that of Confucius in the Han Dynasty, and the content of the scriptures worshiped by Han Confucianism was also very different from the content of the scriptures worshiped by Confucianism in the Song Dynasty. In the Han Dynasty, Confucius was a demigod and half-human leader with a strange body and an unpredictable prophet; In the Song Dynasty, Confucius became the embodiment of the Gang Chang Rite Sect of self-cultivation and sanctimonious morality.

Han Confucianism deduced many strange gods from the Confucian scriptures; What Song Ru appreciates is the great righteousness and subtlety of "people's hearts" and "Taoist hearts". In both periods, Confucius was a sage; But the same sage is indeed two different Confucius.

The activities of respecting Confucius at the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China are also examples. At that time, the political situation changed dramatically, and all kinds of characters took turns to perform, and the image of Confucius as a sage was also bizarre and dizzying. The reformists engaged in the reform movement, and Confucius became the originator of the reform of Togu; The Westernists did the comprador work, and Confucius's "courtesy and seeking the wilderness" became a euphemism; implemented the republican New Deal and drew strength from the "Great Harmony of Rites and Fortunes"; After the restoration, the Confucian Church came into being.

Even the invaders who broke in in the gunboats, and the missionaries who came in with the Bible, praised Confucius a few times in order to pursue their interests, and did not care about the contempt of the Analects that treated him like a beast. Of course, all this is not due to the fact that Confucius Thought is really omnipotent, enough to adapt to all kinds of different and even opposing political requirements.

"Wisdom" plays a pivotal role in the pre-Qin Confucian moral code system, is one of the important moral norms, and is also one of the important qualities of the Confucian ideal personality.

Although the word "zhi" appeared earlier, it was not common before the Western Zhou Dynasty. It was only after the late Spring and Autumn period that "wisdom" became a universally recognized moral norm. The first to use "wisdom" as a moral norm, moral character, or moral sentiment was the great thinker Confucius.

For Confucius, "Dan Wu Zhi" has become a clear moral norm, and dry laughter has become an important moral standard to measure people's behavior. He put "wisdom" and "benevolence" and "bravery" at the same time, and positioned it as the way of a gentleman, that is, the so-called "those who know are not confused, those who are benevolent are not worried, and those who are brave are not afraid".

Political Thought:

Its core is "courtesy" and "benevolence", in the strategy of governing the country, he advocated "for the government to virtue", with morality and etiquette to govern the country is the most noble way to govern the country. This kind of statecraft is also called "rule by virtue" or "rule by etiquette". This strategy of imposing virtue and propriety to the people has actually broken the traditional creed that courtesy is not inferior to that of the common people, and has broken an important boundary between the nobles and the common people.

Confucius's theory of benevolence embodies the spirit of humanity, while Confucius's theory of etiquette embodies the spirit of etiquette, that is, order and system in the modern sense. Humanitarianism is the eternal theme of human beings, and it is applicable to any society, any era, and any society, and order and institutional society are the basic requirements for building a civilized human society. This spirit of humanism and order of Confucius is the essence of ancient Chinese social and political thought.

Educational thought: Confucius first proposed that "there is no class in education", believing that all people in the world have the right to education. In the practice of education, he put forward very good suggestions: in the process of teaching and educating people, teachers should "teach people tirelessly", "follow the good path", and "teach students according to their aptitude".

He believes that students should have good learning methods, such as "drawing inferences from others" and "learning from the past"; Learning should also be combined with thinking "learning without thinking is reckless, thinking without learning is doomed", and learning "threesomes must have my teacher"; Have a good attitude towards learning. Confucius's educational ideas are still inspiring and educational.

Aesthetic thought: The core of Confucius's aesthetic thought is the unity of "beauty" and "goodness", as well as the unity of form and content. Confucius advocated "poetry education", that is, combining literature and art with political morality, and regarded literature and art as a means to change society and politics and an important way to cultivate sentiments. And Confucius believed that a perfect person should cultivate himself in poetry, etiquette, and music.

Confucius's aesthetic ideas had a great influence on later literary and artistic theories.

The Confucianism of Confucius is:'Benevolence''with''Rites''

BenevolenceRitesMean. There is no class to teach. Politics and morality.