Where did the northern official dialect come from, and what are the five northern dialects?

Northern official dialect refers to the general name of Beijing official dialect, Northeast official dialect, Jiaoliao official dialect, Jilu official dialect, Central Plains official dialect and Lanyin official dialect, that is, all official dialects excluding Jianghuai official dialect and southwest official dialect in the southern region. In a narrow sense, it also refers only to Beijing Mandarin, the original dialect that is the standard pronunciation of Mandarin Chinese.

Beijing Mandarin is the official language spoken by Beijingers.

Northern dialects refer to northern dialects, Wu dialects, Hunan dialects, Jiangxi dialects, and Cantonese dialects.

The northern dialect generally refers to the official dialect, among the major dialects of Chinese, the official dialect has its prominent position and influence, and the northern dialect area centered on Luoyang has always been the heart of Chinese politics, so it is called "official dialect".

Key features:

The main features of phonological Mandarin include:

Compared with the Chinese dialects in the southeast, the northern Mandarin dialect is more archaic in terms of retaining the pronunciation (i.e., rhyme); Divided into flat tongue sounds, the three groups of initials of Zhi, Zhang, and Zhuang in the Middle Ages are merged into a curly tongue stopper fricative, and are opposed to the fine group of words with flat tongue sounds.

The medieval voiced initials become aspirated clear initials in flat words, and become non-aspirated clear initials in sung words. However, the southwestern official dialect Chengyu Pian and Chiguan Pian (i.e., Sichuan dialect) are more special, and some of the Middle and Ancient voiced characters are read as aspirated and clear initials.

Northern dialects. It refers to the official dialect of North China, the official dialect of Northwest China, and the official dialect of Southwest China.

There are four types of Jianghuai official dialects, and there are no five dialects.

1. North China Mandarin.

North China Mandarin is Beijing Mandarin, which is a branch of Mandarin, mainly distributed in Beijing, northern Hebei, central Inner Mongolia and parts of Xinjiang, and can be divided into four parts: Jingshi, Huaicheng, Chaofeng and Shike. Three tones and four tones, ancient sounds.

The dispatch is flat, up, and relatively even.

2. Northwest Mandarin.

Northwest Mandarin is a branch of Mandarin that was branched out in the past Mandarin Division. It is not divided by phonetic characteristics, but by geographical distribution. It refers to the sum of the Chinese language in Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, parts of Inner Mongolia, and Xinjiang.

3. Southwest Mandarin.

Southwest Mandarin, mainly popular in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, is also known as Shangjiang Mandarin.

It belongs to the official dialect of modern Chinese.

The Southwest Mandarin is divided into 6 pieces and 22 small pieces, which are distributed in 15 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, more than 600 counties and cities in Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan, Hubei, Guangxi, Hunan, Shaanxi, Jiangxi, Gansu, Guangdong, Hainan and Fujian, as well as Southeast Asia.

of a small number of areas.

4. Jianghuai official dialect.

Jianghuai official dialect is distributed in most parts of Jiangsu Province, central Anhui Province, northeast Hubei Province, part of Jiujiang City in the north of Jiangxi Province and dialect islands of other individual provinces, and the main body is distributed in the Jianghuai region of Jiangsu and Anhui provinces.

First, the phonetic basis is different.

1. Basics of Putonghua pronunciation: Beijing pronunciation is used as the standard pronunciation, northern official dialect is used as the basic dialect, and exemplary modern vernacular works are used as the lingua franca with grammatical norms.

2. Northern dialects.

Phonetic basis: also called the official dialect, it is subdivided into eight sub-dialects: Northeast Mandarin, Beijing Mandarin, Jilu Mandarin, Jiaoliao Mandarin, and Central Plains Mandarin.

Lanyin official dialect, Jianghuai official dialect, and Southwest official dialect.

Second, the passage area is different.

1. Mandarin-speaking areas: Promote nationwide.

2. Northern dialect areas: in the Han areas of the provinces north of the Yangtze River (except Shanxi); Zhenjiang in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River (except Danyang Dantu), northern Nanjing and part of southern Anhui; All areas of Hubei Province except the southeast corner; Guangxi Province.

the northern and northwest corners of Hunan Province; Ethnic minorities in Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou provinces.

All Han Chinese areas outside the area.

Mandarin is a dialect based on the northern dialect and the Beijing dialect as the basic sound. Compared with Mandarin, the northern dialects mainly have the following characteristics:

First, the voice aspect.

1. Most of the plosive and fricative initials are divided into clear and unaspirated, and there is no opposition between clear and voiced sounds, reflecting the characteristics of more clear initials and few voiced initials.

2. The most prominent feature of finals is that there are fewer consonant endings.

3. The most prominent feature of tone is that the number of tone classes is relatively small.

2. Vocabulary.

1. Two-syllable words are particularly dominant. Two-syllable words are the most important part of the whole vocabulary in Chinese.

2. Ancient words are relatively few. Although each Chinese dialect has inherited a lot of ancient Chinese words, relatively speaking, there are relatively few ancient words retained in the local dialects of the official dialect area.

3. There are fewer modal words, and the usage is more general.

3. Grammatical aspects.

1. There are few phenomena that use the internal inflection of speech to express grammatical meaning. With the exception of a few places, there are few dialects of Mandarin that are grammatically so-called"Configuration", ie"Narrow form"stuff.

2. The use of quantifiers is relatively general. The most commonly used measure word in Mandarin dialects"pcs"It has a wide range of uses and can be used in many things, both virtual and real"pcs"Match.

3. The application range of overlapping type is quite wide. The overlapping content of the Mandarin dialect is quite rich and the range of use is quite wide.

1. In terms of vocabulary standards, Mandarin is "based on northern dialects", and at the same time, it is necessary to absorb the words needed from other dialects. Mandarin "uses Beijing pronunciation as the standard sound", but it does not copy all the readings of Beijing dialect, and Mandarin is not equal to Beijing dialect, let alone the earliest Beijing local dialect.

2. From a regional point of view, Mandarin is for standardization. Mandarin is also the official national language of China. It is used throughout the country, including ethnic autonomous areas and areas inhabited by ethnic minorities.

However, northern dialect is not the national lingua franca, and the population speaks more than 73% of the total Han population.

The pronunciation is different, Mandarin can be more concise and easy to understand, and the northern dialect is the Chinese dialect north of the Yangtze River.

Northern dialects in a broad sense also include the dialects of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, and northern Guangxi.

Northern dialect is the basic dialect of Mandarin, the common language of the modern Han people.

According to some different characteristics of northern dialects, they are generally divided into four categories: northern dialects, northwest dialects, southwestern dialects, and Jianghuai dialects.

Putonghua is the common language of the modern Han nationality and the common language of all ethnic groups in the country. Mandarin is based on Beijing pronunciation as the standard pronunciation, northern dialect as the basic dialect, and exemplary modern vernacular writings as the grammatical norm.

Showers of summer rain bring fresh air, and the weather is still cool and pleasant today!

Each local dialect has its own characteristics and different pronunciations.

It's just that if you look at more words, some people don't understand it, and it doesn't make much difference.