In what context was Du Fu s Spring Hope created?

Chang'an was burned and looted by the Anshi rebels, and it was full of desolation. Du Fu saw that the mountains and rivers were still the same, the country was ruined, and the land was full of desolation when he returned to the land in spring.

When Du Fu heard the news, he settled his family in Duzhou and went to the Suzong court alone, but unfortunately he was captured by the rebels on the way and sent to Chang'an, where he was not imprisoned because of his humble official position. In the spring of the second year of Zhide, Du Fu, who was in the occupied area, witnessed the depressed and scattered scene of Chang'an City, and had mixed feelings, so he wrote this masterpiece that has been recited through the ages.

In August of the first year of Tang Suzong (756), Du Fu went from Juzhou to Lingwu to join Tang Suzong, but was captured by the rebels on the way, and then trapped in Chang'an.

In November of the 14th year of Tianbao (755), An Lushan rebelled against the Tang Dynasty. In June of the following year, the rebels captured Tongguan, and Tang Xuanzong fled to Sichuan in a hurry. In July, the crown prince Li Heng was located in Lingwu (now Ningxia), known as Suzong, and changed the Yuan to De.

The background is that Du Fu at that time witnessed the depressed and scattered scene of Chang'an City, and had mixed feelings, so he wrote this masterpiece that has been recited through the ages.

What he did when An Lushan rebelled, when the country was ruined and his family was ruined, he was very uncomfortable.

I feel that this poem was written in the spring and when Du Fu was about to return home.

When the country is ruined and the family is dying, and the homesickness is heartfelt, I can't help but feel sad and emotional.

The content of the <> is: the country is broken by mountains and rivers, and the city is deep in spring. When I feel the tears, I hate the birds. The beacon fire lasted for three months, and the family letter reached the manuscript for ten thousand dollars. The whitehead scratching is shorter, and the hairpin is overwhelming.

Translation: Chang'an fell, Guoxiaoxiang's family was broken, only the mountains and rivers remained; Spring is coming, and the sparsely populated city of Chang'an is lush with vegetation. Sentimental about national affairs, I can't help but tear up, birdsong is frightening, and it only increases the sorrow and hatred.

The continuous war has lasted for more than half a year, and family letters are rare, and one letter is worth 10,000 taels**. Worried, scratching his head and thinking, the gray hair is getting shorter and shorter, and he can't even insert a hairpin.

This poem is from "Spring Hope" by Du Bangyuan Bofu in the Tang Dynasty.

Appreciation of "Spring Hope": The first four sentences of this poem describe the miserable and dilapidated scene of Chang'an in spring, full of feelings of rise and fall; The last four sentences write about the poet's feelings of missing his relatives and caring for national affairs, full of sad sorrow. This poem is strictly rhythmic, and the jaw couplet responds to the sigh of the first union with "feeling the time and splashes tears", and the tail couplet emphasizes that the depth of worry leads to whitish and sparse, the battle is exquisite, and the voice is tragic, showing the poet's patriotism.

Du Fu (712 770), whose name is Zimei, was a native of Gongxian County, Henan Province (now Gongyi City, Zhengzhou, Henan) in the Tang Dynasty, and called himself Shaoling Yelao, a great realist poet of the Tang Dynasty, and Li Bai was collectively called "Li Du". In order to distinguish it from the other two poets Li Shangyin and Du Mu, that is, "Little Li Du", Du Fu and Li Bai are also called "Big Li Du", and Du Fu is often called "Old Du". Du Fu's influence on classical Chinese poetry is very far-reaching, and he is called the "poet saint" by later generations, and his poems are called "poetry history".

Later generations called it Du Shiji, Du Gong Department, also known as Du Shaoling, Du Caotang. The core of Du Fu's thought is the Confucian idea of benevolence, and he has the grand ambition of "to the monarch and the gentleman, and then to make the customs pure". Although Du Fu was not famous during his lifetime, he later became famous and had a profound impact on both Chinese and Japanese literature.

A total of about 1,500 poems by Du Fu have been preserved, most of which are collected in the "Du Gongbu Collection".

Notes】 Spring Hope: Looking far away in the spring.

Broken: broken, broken.

Feeling the time: lamenting the current situation, that is, remembering the dilapidated scene of the country.

Beacon fire: refers to the fireworks raised by the ancient frontier when encountering the enemy situation and used to alarm the fireworks. In this case, war.

Value. Scratching: Grasp lightly with your fingers.

Desire: Muddy, simply. Desire, want.

Unwinnable: unbearable, unable.

Refer to Guess Loss Translation 1].

The country has been shattered, and only the mountains and rivers remain. It's spring again in Chang'an City, but after the burning and looting of the rebels, it has long been desolate, and deep and dense grass and trees grow everywhere. Although the spring flowers are in full bloom, it is not pleasant to see it, but to make ** tears, and I feel that the flowers seem to be crying; Although there are spring birds and chirping everywhere, my heart is sad because I am parting with my family, and listening to the birdsong is not only unhappy, but also frightening.

The war has lasted for a long time, and there has been no news from the family for a long time, and a letter from home can be as valuable as a middle school with a hundred thousand taels. Due to the sadness and troubles, the gray hair on his head became more and more scarce, and he couldn't even stop the hairpin.

Refer to Translation 2].

The old country has fallen, the empty mountains and rivers are still the same, spring is coming, and the barren grass in Chang'an City is deep. Sighing at the current situation, I couldn't help but shed tears when I saw the flowers blooming, resentful parting, and I couldn't help but feel terrified when I heard the birdsong. The war continues, and now it is late spring in March, and the family letter is precious, enough to be worth tens of thousands of taels**.

In the pain, my gray hair became shorter and shorter, and I couldn't even insert the hairpin.