What are the four stages of the spread of the Book of Songs?

The development of classical Chinese poetry:

Poetry is one of the great achievements of pre-Qin literature. Its development has gone through a long process from oral to written, from folk to court, from collective singing to literati creation. In the history of Chinese literature, the Book of Songs was compiled in the Spring and Autumn Period

It is the earliest collection of poems in China that can be seen now, with a total of three hundred and five articles, which was called "Poems" or "Three Hundred Poems" in ancient times. In the syntax of the language, it is basically four words and one sentence. From the perspective of **, it is divided into three parts: "wind, elegance, and song".

There are three kinds of expressions: "endowment, comparison, and xing". The emergence of the Book of Songs marks the completion of the development stage of poetry, the earliest literary form that occurred and developed in China, from oral to written, from folk to court. In this sense, the Book of Songs is a glorious starting point for Chinese literature.

Following the "Book of Songs", in the fourth century BC, the "Chu Ci" represented by Qu Yuan

Sao style poetry marks the emergence of a higher stage of development of Chinese poetry from folk collective singing to independent creation by poets. This new kind of poetry, written by literati and with distinct cultural colors, has taken Chinese poetry a big step forward. Sao style poems broke through the fixed format of the four-word poems in the Book of Songs, and developed into five-word sentences and seven-word sentences, which can not only better express thoughts and feelings, but also have more rhyme and rhythm.

In the pre-Qin era, the "Book of Songs" and the "Chu Ci" stood side by side, which were the two majestic coordinates of realism and romanticism in the history of Chinese poetry, and their great influence was immeasurable.

The Qin Dynasty was short-lived, coupled with the burning of books and Confucianism, and the ideological rule was extremely harsh, so only folk songs and ballads were still circulating. In the Han Dynasty, the poetry of the Western Han literati was quite lonely. Basically, it is a creation that simulates the four words and the commotion. It is worth mentioning Liu Bang, the ancestor of the early Han Dynasty.

The song poem "Song of the Great Wind".

Wei Meng's four-word "Satirical Poem".

Wait. But in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the situation changed, Zhang Heng's "Four Sorrowful Poems".

Although it has not been completely affected by the riot, it has a new atmosphere. Under the advocacy of Ban Gu and Zhang Heng, the literati of the Eastern Han Dynasty paid attention to learning Yuefu folk songs. The "Yuefu Poems" sung in conjunction with ** directly inherited the realist tradition of folk songs in the "Book of Songs", and comprehensively and profoundly reflected the social life and people's thoughts and feelings at that time.

Represents the Han Dynasty.

Although it is like a cloud, I think about it. (Book of Poetry, Zheng Feng, out of its east gate) In the past, I went back, the willows were still around, and now I came to think, and the rain and snow were falling. (Book of Poetry, Cai Wei) There are vines and grasses in the wild, zero dew, there is a beautiful person, clear and graceful. (Book of Songs, wild vines).

The Book of Songs" is the earliest collection of poems in China. It collects 305 poems from about 500 years from the beginning of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period. In the pre-Qin period, it was called "Poems", or it was called "Three Hundred Poems" as an integer. In the Western Han Dynasty, it was revered as a Confucian classic, originally called the "Book of Songs", and has been used to this day.

Compilation Regarding the compilation of the Book of Songs, there are two theories in the Han Dynasty: Pedestrians collect poems. "Hanshu Art and Literature Chronicles".

contained: "In ancient times, there were officials who collected poems, and the king looked at the customs, knew the gains and losses, and self-examined. The 305 verses of the Book of Songs are basically the same as the rhyme system and the rhyme rules and the form of the poems, and it covers a long time and a wide area, and it is inconceivable to produce such a collection of poems if it is not collected and sorted out purposefully in ancient times.

Therefore, the theory of poetry collection is credible. Confucius.

Delete the poem said. "Historical Records: The Family of Confucius" contains: "There are more than 3,000 poems of the ancients, and Confucius has taken the importance of it and taken it from the ...... of etiquette and righteousnessThree hundred and five articles, Confucius are all string songs.

Kong Yingda in the Tang Dynasty, Zhu Xi in the Song Dynasty, Zhu Yizun in the Ming Dynasty, and Wei Yuan in the Qing Dynasty were all skeptical about this theory. The Book of Songs was written around the 6th century BC, before Confucius was born; In 544 B.C., Wu Gongzi Ji Za went to Lu to watch music, and the order of the wind poems played by Lu Legong for him was basically the same as that of the present "Book of Songs", indicating that there was already a "poem" at that time, and Confucius was only 8 years old at this time. Therefore, modern scholars generally believe that the theory of deleting poems is not credible.

But according to the Analects

Confucius said: "I defend myself and return to Lu, and then I am happy, and Ya and Song have their place," it can be seen that Confucius was indeed happy for the "poem". It's just that in the late Spring and Autumn Period, new voices arose, and ancient music was lost, and only the songs and poems of "Three Hundred Poems" were handed down, becoming a collection of poems seen today.

Style classification The lyrics recorded in the Book of Songs are all lyrics that have been musical. The style of the Book of Songs is divided according to the different natures of the Song, which is divided into three categories: wind, elegance and song. Wind. It's a different region of the place**. Wind.

The poems are folk songs collected from 15 regions, including Zhounan, Zhaonan, Shao, Hu, Wei, Wang, Zheng, Qi, Wei, Tang, Qin, Chen, Hui, Cao, and Feng. A total of 160 articles. Most of them are folk songs.

Elegant. It is the ** area directly under the jurisdiction of the Zhou Dynasty, that is, the so-called Zhengsheng Yale. "Ya" poems are music songs during court banquets or court meetings, and they are divided into "Daya" according to the difference of **

74 articles of 105 in total. Except for a small number of folk songs in "Xiao Ya", most of them are works of aristocratic literati. Ode. It is a dance song of the temple sacrifice, and the content is mostly to praise the deeds of the ancestors. The poem "Song" is divided into "Song of Zhou".

5 articles in total, 40 articles in total. All are the works of aristocratic literati. From the perspective of time, most of the "Song of Zhou" and "Daya" should have been produced in the early Western Zhou Dynasty; A small part of "Daya" and a large part of "Xiaoya" were produced in the late Western Zhou Dynasty to the eastward migration; Most of the "National Style" and "Lu Song" and "Shang Song" were produced in the Spring and Autumn Period.

From the point of view of ideological and artistic value, the three songs are not as good as the two elegances, and the two elegances are not as good as the fifteen national styles. Thought.