Bi Sheng, what does he do? What I want to say to Bi Sheng

Bi Sheng (also known as Bi Sheng, c. 970-1051) was a Chinese inventor who invented movable type printing. Han nationality, a native of Zhihe Township, Qishui County, Qizhou County, Huainan Road, Northern Song Dynasty (now Wuguidun Village, Caopandi Town, Yingshan County, Hubei Province), is said to be a native of Hangzhou, Zhejiang. At first, he was a printing shop worker, specializing in manual printing.

Bi Sheng invented clay movable type printing, which is considered to be the world's earliest movable type printing technology. Shen Kuo of the Song Dynasty wrote "Mengxi Bi Tan" recorded Bi Sheng's movable type printing.

Regarding Bi Sheng's life and deeds, as well as his invention of movable type, apart from Shen Kuo's record in the book "Mengxi Writings", Bi Sheng cannot be found.

to the second bibliographic source. Shen Kuo only said that he was a cloth cloth, and he didn't explain his origin and life at all. The so-called cloth clothes, literally understood as ordinary people who have never been officials.

There have been various speculations about Bi Sheng's profession before, but the most reliable statement is that Bi Sheng should be a craftsman engaged in engraving and printing. Because only those who are familiar with or proficient in engraving technology can become the inventor of movable type. Due to Bi Sheng's long-term engraving work, he found that the biggest disadvantage of engraving is that every time a book is printed, it has to be re-engraved, which not only takes a long time, but also increases the cost of printing.

If you switch to movable type, you only need to carve a pair of movable type, and any book can be typeset, and the movable type can be used over and over again. Although the work of making movable type was larger, it was very convenient to typeset books later. It was under this inspiration that Bi Sheng invented the movable type plate.

From "Mengxi Pen Talk", we can see that Bi Sheng's letterpress printing technique is not groundless, but is based on the improvement of the printed books of his predecessors. The description of the process of letterpress printing in "Dream Creek Writings" is also an important asset for the research of later generations. Regarding Bi Sheng's origin, Shen Kuo did not explain, we only know that after Bi Sheng's death, the clay movable type he made was collected by Shen Kuo's nephew, from which we deduce that Bi Sheng and the Shen family are either relatives or close neighbors.

Shen Kuo is from Hangzhou, and Bi Sheng may also be from Hangzhou. Hangzhou was a relatively developed area for engraving printing at that time, and the invention of movable type plates here is also in line with historical laws. The invention of movable type printing is a great revolution in the history of printing and one of the four great inventions in ancient China, which has opened up a broad road for the development of China's culture and economy and made a major contribution to promoting the development of world civilization.

It is rumored that the descendants of Bi Sheng were found by the imperial court for forging coins with movable type cement, and the people of the nine clans who escaped by luck changed their surnames to Tian and Wan. Nowadays, although there is a place named Bijiapu in the local area, there are many surnames in Tian and Wan, and there is no surname in Bi.

Summary. With the spirit of hard work, the ancients said: failure is the mother of success!

Therefore, it can be seen that he is not afraid of difficulties and failures. At the same time, it can be said that there is innovative thinking, you must know that to invent a thing, first of all, you can only do it if you want to get it, so innovative thinking is more important than specialized research and not afraid of failure.

Bisheng movable type printing has the advantages of multi-purpose, reusable, multi-printing and fast, time-saving and labor-saving, saving materials, etc., and has a qualitative leap compared with engraving printing. Later, it was transmitted to North Korea and cast into copper movable type and lead movable type, which was 400 years earlier than the metal movable type printing invented by the German Goldenberg, and it had a huge and far-reaching impact on the printing technology of later generations and even the progress of world civilization.

What I want to say to Bi Sheng

With the spirit of hard work, the ancients said: failure is the mother of success! Therefore, it can be seen that he is not afraid of difficulties and failures.

At the same time, it can be said that there is innovative thinking, you must know that to invent a thing, first of all, you can only do it if you want to get it, so innovative thinking is more important than specialized research and not afraid of failure. Bisheng movable type printing has the advantages of multi-purpose, repeated use of which belt is excavated, printing more and faster, saving time and effort, saving materials, etc., and has a qualitative leap compared with engraving printing. Later, it was spread to North Korea, and it was cast into copper movable type and lead movable type, which was 400 years earlier than the metal movable type printing invented by the German Goldenberg, and it had a huge and far-reaching impact on the printing technology of later generations and even the progress of world civilization.

Thank you. You are welcome.

Hope mine is able to solve your problem.

Northern Song Dynasty cloth clothes, one of the four great inventions of ancient China, "movable type printing", inventor.

Bi Sheng (c. 971 - 1051), a native of Zhihe Township, Qishui County, Shenqi Prefecture, Hubei Province (now Wuguidun Village, Caopandi Town, Yingshan County, Huanggang City, Hubei Province), invented movable type printing during the reign of Song Renzong.

The invention of Bi Sheng's movable type printing is a great revolution in the history of printing and one of the four great inventions of ancient China. It has opened up a broad road for the development of China's culture and economy and made significant contributions to the development of world civilization.

The early printing method is to engrave the first on the wooden board and print with ink, such as the bending of the wooden board watermark painting is still used this method, collectively known as "engraving printing".

Bi Shengchu was a printing shop worker, specializing in manual printing. In the practice of printing, he was well aware of the difficulties of engraving printing, conscientiously summed up the experience of his predecessors, and invented movable type printing.

Movable type printing.

Bi Sheng's invention of clay movable type and wooden movable type typesetting is a fundamental reform in the development of Chinese printing, a scientific summary of the long-term practical experience of Chinese working people, and a great contribution to the cultural exchanges between China and other countries in the world.

Prior to this, there were only facsimile printing, rubbing and engraving printing, which were cumbersome, laborious and time-consuming, not only inconvenient to store, but also difficult to correct with typos. Bi Sheng's invention of movable type printing method is not only simple and flexible, but also convenient and lightweight.

The production procedure is:

First, use the cement to make a single word with a unified specification, burn it hard with fire, make it a movable type of cement, and then classify them in the wooden grid, and generally use a few to dozens of words to prepare for typesetting. When typesetting, a framed iron plate is used as the bottom support, and a layer of pine resin, wax, and paper ash is mixed on it.

Wait for the medicine shouting agent to melt slightly, flatten the literal surface with a flat plate, and after the medicine cools and solidifies, it becomes a version. When printing, as long as the ink is brushed on the version, the paper is applied, and a certain amount of pressure is added.

After printing, the agent is baked with fire, and with a slight shake, the cement movable type will fall off from the iron plate, and it can be used again next time.