The status and influence of Liu Zhiji s historiographical achievements in the history of Chinese his

Liu Zhiji's historiographical achievements occupy an important position in the history of Chinese historiography, and his Shi Tong is one of the representative works of ancient Chinese historiography criticism, which has had a profound impact on the development of later historiography.

First of all, Shi Tong laid the foundation for the compilation, research and criticism of history in ancient China, and is the culmination of ancient Chinese historical criticism. Through his criticism of the historical books of the previous generations, Liu Zhiji summarized the laws of the development of historiography and put forward many important theoretical issues, such as the compilation style of historical books, the collection and examination of historical materials, and the concept of history, which had an important impact on the development of historiography in later generations.

Secondly, Liu Zhiji's concept of "listening to both sides will make it clear, and partiality will be dark" put forward by Liu Zhiji in "Stone", which has had a profound impact on the historiographical theories of later generations. He believes that historians should have an objective attitude, comprehensively collect materials, analyze problems, not listen to biased opinions, maintain a critical spirit, and strictly examine and criticize the history they have written. This concept has played a positive role in promoting the development of historiography in later generations.

In addition, Liu Zhiji also put forward the proposition of "distinguishing academic chapters and examining the source of the mirror" in "Stone", emphasizing the importance of academic source and research. He believes that historians should conduct in-depth research on historical events and figures, their academic origins and influences, distinguish between truth and falsehood, and verify facts. This proposition has had an important impact on the development of historiography in later generations and has become one of the basic methods of historical research.

To sum up, Liu Zhiji's historiographical achievements occupy an important position in the history of Chinese historiography, and his Shi Tong is one of the representative works of ancient Chinese historiography criticism, which has had a profound impact on the development of later historiography.

Liu Zhiji's "Shi Tong" laid the foundation for the compilation, research and criticism of history in ancient China. The birth of "Stone" marks the formation of a large-scale and relatively comprehensive theoretical system of ancient historical criticism in China, and shows that historians have been able to conduct an overall examination of all aspects of historical research. The role of "Stone" in promoting the development of historiography is obvious.

Later generations of historians have all learned from the "Stone" and learned nourishment.

From the perspective of historical philosophy, codification, or historiography, Liu Zhiji's "Shi Tong" developed and improved the theoretical level of Chinese feudal social historiography, enriched the content of Chinese historiography and cultural history, and pushed historiography, which had excellent traditions, to a peak that could be reached at that time. Liu Zhiji was not only the first person to comprehensively summarize the achievements of pre-Tang historiography, but also the first person to put forward constructive suggestions on the new system of historiography.

Liu Zhiji (661 AD, 721 AD).

Tang Dynasty historian and writer.

Zixuan, a native of Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu).

Born in the family of generations of literary eunuchs, he and his brother Liu Zhirou are both well-known for their articles.

Tang Gaozong (Li Zhi) Yonglong first year (680 AD) Jinshi. The official is on the left and scatters to ride the regular attendant.

In the ninth year of Tang Xuanzong (Li Longji) (721 AD), because of his written defense, he was demoted to the Anzhou Metropolitan Protectorate and died of illness soon after.

He has participated in the compilation of "Three Teachings Zhuying", "Records of Family Names", "Book of Tang", "Records of Gaozong", "Records of Empress Zetian", and self-authored "Stone", "Liu Zixuanji", "Ruizong Records", "Liu's Family Ride", "Liu's Genealogy", etc.

But with the exception of "Stone", most of them are dead.

For the first time, it comprehensively and in detail summarized the achievements of Chinese historiography before the Tang Dynasty. He has repeatedly been responsible for revising history, and is well aware of the disadvantages of the bureaucratic bureaus, believing that historians must have both "historical talent", "historiography", and "historical knowledge", and especially attach importance to historical knowledge, emphasizing straightforward writing on history, and advocating the attitude of "not covering up evil and not belonging to good", "knowing the ugliness of love, and knowing the goodness of hate". These understandings and propositions of his had a profound impact on the development of historiography in the future.

Stone's "Words", "Floating Words", "Narrative", "Simulation" and other chapters also involve literary theory. He advocated the use of the common language of the time, opposed to imitation of ancient language, and opposed to formal simulation. These views have inspired and influenced future generations of essayists.

The fragment of "Zhu Yingji" contains three of his poems, and "Quantang Wen" records his "Si Shen Fu" and "Song Ji Xiao Zhizhong" and other articles.

The Book of the New Tang Dynasty and the Book of the Old Tang Dynasty have been passed on.

Yes, his main achievement is the compilation of "Stone", which has made outstanding contributions to the theory of historiography.

Tang Confucianism and Liu Zhiji proposed in "Stone" that historians should have historical talent, historiography and historical knowledge.

Historical talent not only refers to genius and talent, but also refers to literary talent and literary talent, that is, the so-called "study of diction" by the ancients. As a historian, you must be good at using words to narrate and demonstrate historical facts. However, if you deliberately pursue literary brilliance, it is also undesirable to harm the intention of writing.

For historians, it is the highest state to be concise, clear, and accurate, and to be able to express profound thoughts in the shortest and most ordinary words, and to turn decay into magic. "Historical Records" should be the highest level in this.

Historiography refers to knowledge, mainly professional knowledge. The scope of historiography is very broad, and it is necessary to have a solid foundation of Chinese and foreign historical knowledge, as well as profound attainments in the specialized field. That is, the so-called "Bo", which should have a broad knowledge base.

The basic knowledge of all disciplines of historiography should be covered and understood.

Historical knowledge is insight, righteousness; That is, to use the scientific view of history as a guide, to analyze a large number of reliable historical facts, and then to draw scientific conclusions. This is the so-called question of the relationship between history and theory. We should not "discuss history by theory," but should "talk about history."

You can't just study historical materials and fall into the pile of old papers. Rather, you have to have your own point of view on history. That is, "insight".

Among the three talents, historical knowledge is the most difficult, but it is also the most important, because it is not enough to become an excellent historian if you have talent but no knowledge, or no knowledge.

Qing Dynasty historian Zhang Xuecheng added another "Shide" in addition to the "three talents".

Shide mainly refers to the character of the historian himself, that is, the so-called "mental art" of Zhang Xuecheng of the Qing Dynasty, that is, the integrity of the historian's pursuit of historical truth. This is the tradition of "straight writing" in traditional Chinese historiography. To be a true historian is a necessary virtue, that is, to be faithful to history, to seek truth from facts, and not to falsify historiography.

Tang Dynasty historian Liu Zhiji believed that excellent historians should have the qualities of historical talent, historiography, and historical knowledge, while Qing Dynasty historian Zhang Xuecheng put forward "historical virtue" on the basis of "three longs". He emphasized the importance of history in that historians should write realistic histories of letters.

Liu Zhiji believes that historians must have both talent, learning, and knowledge, and pay special attention to historical knowledge. Emphasizing straight writing, advocating "not hiding evil, not false beauty", "love and know its ugliness, hate and know its good". Liu Shang is pragmatic and anti-floating words, criticizing the decadent style of the Six Dynasties' pun writing, opposing flashy rhetoric, advocating the use of contemporary common language, opposing imitation of ancient language, and opposing formal simulation.

These arguments have inspired and influenced later generations of historians and essayists, and are the forerunners of the ancient literary movement in the Tang Dynasty.

He proposed that historians should have three talents: "historical talent, historical knowledge, and historical knowledge", which was developed into four talents by the Qing Dynasty historian Zhang Xuecheng, that is, "historical talent, historical knowledge, historical knowledge, and historical virtue".

Liu Zhiji was born in 661 A.D. and was a native of Pengcheng. He was ordained a jinshi in the imperial examination in 680 AD. His historical works are Zuo Yin Lang, Author Lang, Prince Zuo Shuzi and other positions, and he also cultivates national history.

In 721, he was demoted to Anzhou and posthumously gave Taishou, in charge of the country's tuntian, water conservancy, civil engineering, and engineering, and was called Wen. In 703, Yu Zhu Jing co-edited the 80 volumes of the Book of Tang. During the Shenlong period, Yu Xu Jian jointly wrote "Zetian Shilu".

In 712 A.D., together with the genealogist Liu Chong and others, he revised the "Clan Zaochang Youzhi" and wrote the "Surname Genealogy Record", and wrote the "Ruizong Record" with Wu Jing, and revised some works such as "Zetian Record" and "Zhongzong Record".

Liu Zhiji put forward several suggestions in historical writing, and Xun Hao classified the previous historical books and pointed out the problems, and put forward several suggestions for writing. For example, the text in the "Book of Shang" is boring and difficult to understand, first of all, it is expressed in the writing language, as a well-read literati, although Liu Zhiji admits that the classics have merit in the use of language, he still believes that the language in the history books should keep pace with the times, not deliberately imitate the classical books. Because the meaning of history books is to enable future generations to learn some truths from history, understanding is the most important thing, rather than blindly imitating, which is contrary to the essence of history books.

Therefore, it can be seen from Liu Zhiji's opinion that Liu Zhiji is a scholar who is well aware of the essential significance of history. Therefore, as the first historical classic in Chinese history, his "Stone" has played a significant role in the development of Chinese historiography.

In the past, they were blindly imitated, until the appearance of "Stone", later historians could use such a fixed method to write, which made the historical creation of literati standardized. Moreover, Liu Zhiji also emphasized the significance of history, advocating that creators keep pace with the times and record in language close to life. This makes historical classics more approachable, which makes Chinese classics extremely valuable and highly popular.

This contains a lot of Bu Qing's classification of books and guidance on history books, so that people can understand the importance of history books and can read them better.

Liu Zhiji's historical works, its function: Liu Zhiji pointed out some problems in the compilation of some historical books before the Tang Dynasty, and gave his own relevant suggestions, which had a profound impact on the way of writing the Chinese historical concept, so that Chinese literati have a law to follow when writing history-related documents, which has very important historical significance; For the first time, his book Stone delved into the writing methods of historical texts and recorded his views on different genres.

This is a very famous work, there is a lot of knowledge in it, and there are many records of Xu Sen, but Wang Chunhan can let people better understand history and better read history books.

It can allow us to understand historical events, or to master the theory of Lu Jinju in historiography, or to grasp the knowledge of historiography, and it can also play a role in inheritance, and can develop literary knowledge as early as possible.

It is a good record of the history of the time, and then it also has a particularly high role in the historical development and research of later generations, and also lays the foundation for the development of criticism and codification.