What are the characteristics of hull construction, what is the structure of the ship?

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The structure of the ship includes the bottom, sides, deck, bulkhead, bow and stern, and superstructure. It is a general term for a hull structure composed of plates and skeletons. The structure of the ship is also different for different purposes.

The ship structure should be able to have sufficient strength, stiffness, stability and reliability under the action of external forces, and can maintain reliable water tightness to meet the requirements of operation.

Civil ships are usually called boats (ancient names are boats), ships, engines, boats, military ships are called ships (ancient names are ships), ships, small boats are called boats, sampans, rafts or boats, which are collectively called ships or ships.

The composition of the steamer

Ship or ship refers to a means of transportation that uses the buoyancy of water to pull, pull, push, row, or push propellers and high-pressure nozzles by using the buoyancy of water to rely on manpower, sails, engines (such as steam engines, gas turbines, diesel engines, nuclear power units) and other power to enable movement on water.

In addition, civil ships are usually called boats (ancient known as boats), ships, engines, and boats, military ships are called ships (ancient names are ships), ships, and small ships are called boats, sampans, rafts or boats, which are collectively called ships or ships. Ships were developed with the development of human beings. Whether in wartime or peacetime, there are ships.

Millions of fishermen in the world use fishing boats to catch fish.

Naval warfare in wartime and military supplies at sea are all related to ships. In 2007, there were about 35,000 merchant ships with about 7.4 million tons of cargo. In 2011, there were approximately 104,304 ships in the world that had been assigned an IMO number issued by the International Maritime Organization (IMO).

Historically, ships have played an important role in geographical exploration and the development of science and technology. Zheng He, like Zheng He of the Ming Dynasty in China, spread the compass and gunpowder to other regions. Ships are useful for purposes such as colonization and slavery**.

It is also useful for scientific, cultural and humanitarian purposes. The Great Columbian Exchange between the Americas and Europe was one of the main reasons for the growth of the world's population at that time. Shipping has also made the world's economy an energy-intensive form.

The characteristics of ship design refer to systematization (implementing the idea of systems engineering, taking into account the overall consideration) and coordination (coordinating the work of various departments and getting the best cooperation).

The basic requirements of ship design: 1) Applicable and economical; 2) Safe and reliable; 3) Advanced and beautiful.

The so-called application means that the ship can meet the predetermined use requirements; There are three basic elements involved in the economics of a ship: construction costs, operating expenses, and revenue from operations. Advanced refers to excellent performance, advanced technology and equipment

Perfection refers to the proper handling of contradictions, thoughtful consideration of problems, orderly arrangement, and beautiful shape.

Navigation area: China's laws and regulations divide the navigation area of non-international voyage ships into four categories: far sea navigation area

The sea area outside the coastal navigation area for non-international voyages. Offshore navigation area: the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea of China are not more than 200 miles from the coast; Taiwan strait; The South China Sea is no more than 120n miles from the coast.

The hull is also known as the hull plate, the hull of the ship, which includes the side panels and the bottom panel. The geometry of the hull is determined by the shape of the hull plates.

Various external forces such as longitudinal bending force, water pressure, wave impact force, etc., which are subjected to the hull of the ship, first act on the hull plate.

The hull skeleton is composed of keels, side keels, ribs, keels, keels, bow posts and stern posts, which together form the ship skeleton.

Among them, the keel is a longitudinal member that connects the bow and stern posts at the base of the hull**. It mainly bears the longitudinal bending moment of the hull.

Parakeel The parakeel is a longitudinal member on both sides of the keel. It withstands part of the longitudinal bending moment and increases the strength of the hull to withstand external forces.

The ribs are transverse members within the hull. It withstands transverse water pressure, maintaining the geometry of the hull.

Dragon tendon The dragon tendon is the longitudinal member on both sides of the hull. Together with the ribs, it forms a mesh structure to hold the side panels in place and to increase the structural strength of the hull.

Keels Some hulls are also fitted with keels, which are longitudinal members that are mounted at the junction of the side and bottom of the ship. It reduces the sway of the ship when navigating in waves.

Bow and stern posts.

The bow and stern posts are mounted at the bow and stern of the hull respectively, and the lower bones are connected to enhance the hull's resistance to wave impact and water pressure, as well as longitudinal collisions and vibrations during propeller operation.

The deck deck is a flat structure above the inner floor and is used to cover the interior space and divide it horizontally into layers. The deck is a steel plate on the beam that divides the hull into upper, middle and lower levels. The deck plays an important role in ensuring the strength and unsinkability of the hull, and provides an area for arranging various cabins, equipment and mechanical equipment.

The number of decks depends on the size of the ship, depending on the type of ship, its mission and its main scale. Usually small ships have 1 3 floors; Medium-sized ships have 3 5 floors; Large ships have 5 to 10 floors.

Cabins are spaces below deck for a variety of purposes, including bow cabins, stern cabins, guest cabins, cargo holds, engine rooms, boiler rooms, and various special-purpose cabins.

The superstructure refers to the building above the main deck, and the superstructure is located on the upper deck and is mainly used to arrange cabins for various purposes, such as working cabins, living cabins, storage cabins, instrument and equipment cabins, etc. It is used for the crew to work and live and store the ship's equipment. The superstructure part has the first floor, the bridge building, the tail building, the deckhouse and various wall buildings.

Teak material can be used for self-shipbuilding, but teak is rare and precious, and is generally only used on ship decks and keels. Pine and fir are the most commonly used timbers for shipbuilding. Other woods can also be used, mainly from the local area, such as cypress, alder, apricot, nanmu, catalpa, catalpa, eucalyptus, elm, apricot and eucalyptus.

Western shipbuilding materials are mainly oak. 2.Generally, it is not advisable to use PPR made of polyethylene and Zhongminshan FRP as a boat-building material.

First of all, because of the cost. This is followed by dead weight, strength, and durability. FRP is an excellent breeding ship, with the characteristics of low cost and durability, thousands of dollars.

There are restrictions on the length, horsepower, tonnage and types of fishing vessels, cargo ships, oil tankers, speedboats, inland river aquaculture vessels and other vessels. 3. Company account 4, tax registration 5Partners in the main engine, propellers, navigation systems, etc.

Each ship has a call sign, positioning. 6.To build a new ship, apply for a ship number from the local ship management department.

Shipbuilding and ship repair is a mixed commercial and military industry, commonly referred to as the "maritime industry". In the early days of primitive society, primitive ancestors lived by fishing and hunting, and their activities were limited to areas near water. They desperately need a tool to find more food and protect against the hazards of flooding.

Later, because the ancients thought that the fallen leaves were ships, they knew that the fallen leaves were ships and created the earliest. After weaving rafts from wood, there were rafts and rafts. In the Shang Dynasty, the ancients were no longer limited by the shape and size of the wood, and could process it according to the material, so wooden boats appeared.

In the Song and Yuan dynasties, "Huangtian Port is like a blue sky in the north, look at the Jia boat" is a true portrayal of the prosperity of water transportation and water transportation in the Song and Yuan dynasties. The compass also began to be used during this period, and there were certain standards for both river and sailing boats.