During the Han Dynasty, silk fabrics from China were the farthest reaching

a Great Xia, b, rest in peace, c, d, d, Daqin.

Choice: D Daqin!

The Silk Road, referred to as the Silk Road. It refers to the Western Han Dynasty (202-8 BC), which was opened up by Zhang Qian's envoy to the Western Regions, starting from Chang'an (now Xi'an), passing through Gansu and Xinjiang, to Central Asia and West Asia, and connecting the Mediterranean countries (this road is also known as the "Northwest Silk Road" to distinguish it from the other two transportation routes with the name of "Silk Road" in the future). Because silk products are the most influential among the goods transported from the west by this road, it is named after it (and a lot of silk is shipped by us in China).

Its basic direction was set in the Han Dynasty and Han Dynasty, including three routes: the South, the Middle and the North.

The Silk Road is the first communication route across the Eurasian continent in history, which has promoted friendly exchanges between Eurasian and African countries and China. China is the homeland of silk, and silk is the most representative of the goods exported by China through this route. In the second half of the 19th century, the German geographer Richthofen called this land transportation route the "Silk Road", and since then Chinese and foreign historians have agreed with this theory, and it is still used today.

After Zhang Qian opened the Western Regions, he officially opened this land passage from China to Europe and Africa. This road, starting from Chang'an, the capital of the Han Dynasty, passes through the Hexi Corridor, and then divides into two routes: one from Yangguan, through Shanshan, along the northern foot of Kunlun Mountain, westward through Shache, west over the Green Ridge, out of the Dayueshi, to rest, west through the Lijing (Jiān, present-day Alexander, Egypt, annexed by the Roman Empire in 30 BC), or from the south of the Da Yue clan into the body poison.

The other out of the Yumen Pass, through the former country of the Cheshi, along the southern foot of the Tianshan Mountains to the west, out of Shule, west over the green ridge, over the big Wan, to Kangju, Xiangcai (the Western Han Dynasty nomadic in the northwest of Kangju that is the sea, the northern grassland of the Caspian Sea, the Eastern Han Dynasty belongs to Kangju).

Summary. Chinese silk fabrics are of great variety and extremely finely distinguished. Silk is the general name of all silk fabrics (also known as silk in the Han Dynasty).The following is divided into several categories, and here are only five of them.

Silk. Silk is a plain weave or semi-color weave or semi-color woven fabric woven with mulberry silk, the warp and weft are generally weakened, and the texture is thinner and tougher than satin and brocade, fine and smooth. 纨 for a finer silk, 缣 for double silk fine silk, 缟 is undyed silk, practice is white silk, silk is a silk fabric without patterns, Valerian is a silk fabric with a pattern.

Lenoes. Yarn and Luo are all fabrics with holes and very thin warp and weft threads. The yarn is square-eyed. Luo is a pepper-shaped eye or diamond-shaped eye. It is a kind of yarn with crepe, which is interwoven with two strong twisted yarns with different twists, both of which are wrinkled.

Silk. Silk is a twill weave or twill jacquard fabric. It is an aya fabric with flowers without coloring. Silk is a jacquard fabric made of natural silk with plain weave. Silk is thick silk, made of silk as warp, cotton thread as weft, silk is woven from raw silk.

Satin. Satin is woven with satin or satin weave as the ground organization, there are soft satin, brocade satin, Zhang satin, flower satin, plain satin. Its surface is bright and smooth, and the outstanding feature is that the warp and weft intersect discontinuously to form floating lines.

Brocade. The brocade is high for the colorful weaving flowers.

The main reason for the large number of silk fabrics exported to the Han Dynasty.

Chinese silk fabrics are of great variety and extremely finely distinguished. Silk is the general name of all silk fabrics (also known as silk in the Han Dynasty).The following is divided into several categories, and here are only five of them.

Silk. Silk is a plain weave or semi-color weave or semi-color woven fabric woven with mulberry silk, the warp and weft are generally weakened, and the texture is thinner and tougher than satin and brocade, fine and smooth. 纨 for a finer silk, 缣 for double silk fine silk, 缟 is undyed silk, practice is white silk, silk is a silk fabric without patterns, Valerian is a silk fabric with a pattern.

Lenoes. Yarn and Luo are all fabrics with holes and very thin warp and weft threads. The yarn is square-eyed.

Luo is a pepper-shaped eye or diamond-shaped eye. It is a kind of yarn with crepe, which is interwoven with two strong twisted yarns with different twists, both of which are wrinkled. Silk.

Silk is a twill weave or twill jacquard fabric. It is an aya fabric with flowers without coloring. Silk is a jacquard fabric made of natural silk with plain weave.

Silk is thick silk, made of silk as warp, cotton thread as weft, silk is woven from raw silk. Satin. Satin is woven with satin or satin weave as the ground organization, there are soft satin, brocade satin, Zhang satin, flower satin, plain satin.

Its surface is bright and smooth, and the outstanding feature is that the warp and weft intersect discontinuously to form floating lines. Brocade. The brocade is high for the colorful weaving flowers.

There are two main reasons for the large number of silk fabrics exported in the Han Dynasty: 1Silk fabrics originated in China, and basically unique to China, but China's technology and production are the world's leading.

2.The opening of the Silk Road in the Han Dynasty led to the stable and prosperous development of the Han Dynasty. These two items are the main reasons for his large number of exports.

Historical silk weaving industryThe silk weaving industry in the Western Han Dynasty was also relatively developed, and the textile technology was also greatly improved. At that time, Chang'an and Linzi (Zibo City, Shandong) were the centers of the national silk weaving industry. Chang'an has east and west weaving rooms, Linzi and Chenliu Xiangyi (Sui County, Henan) and other places have set up large-scale government-run workshops, often as many as thousands of weavers.

In cities with a developed silk weaving industry, there are also workshops run by wealthy merchants. Peasant families mainly weave linen, arrowroot cloth and silk silk for their own wear and taxation, and sometimes a small part of textiles. There are many types of silk fabrics, and the government-run workshops mainly produce more valuable brocade, embroidery, and yarn.

In 1972, among the cultural relics unearthed from the Mawangdui Han Tomb in Changsha, there are well-preserved silk and linen fabrics such as silk, yarn, Qi, brocade, wool cotton, embroidery, linen cloth, etc., these gorgeous and colorful high-grade silk fabrics are made of various animals, moire, curly grass and diamond-shaped patterns with weaving, embroidery, painting, printing and other technologies, reflecting that the textile technology of the Western Han Dynasty has reached a very high level. In particular, a plain yarn Zen robe, thin as cicada wings, light as smoke, its weight is only 49 grams, fully demonstrating the creative talent of the ancient Chinese working people. In the Western Han silk paintings and Han portrait stones unearthed in Yinque Mountain, Linyi, Shandong Province, there are images of single spindle spinning wheels.

In particular, the portrait stone unearthed in 1956 in Honglou, Tongshan, Jiangsu Province, was engraved with images of several figures weaving, spinning and silk mixing operations, showing a vivid scene of textile production.

In the Western Han Dynasty, there were not only spinning tools, but also looms. During the Qin and Han dynasties, the bias loom was already relatively common in the north and south regions, and the loom of foot pedal lifting was widely used in the countryside. At the same time, there are mechanical jacquard machines for weaving jacquard fabrics, and jacquard technology has reached a fairly high level.

Han Jin is a representative of the level of fabrics in the Han Dynasty and is a colorful fabric. After chemical analysis of silk fabrics, it is known that alizarin and indigo are used as dyes, which can be dyed into green, red and other colors. This is a step up from the dyeing process of the Warring States period.

The silk fabrics of the Han Dynasty have been unearthed a lot, especially in the Mawangdui West Han Dynasty silk weaving Chu embroidery cultural relics in Changsha, Hunan Province are the most complete, and in Jiangling, Hubei, Gansu Wuwei Mozuizi, Mongolia Noyin Ula Xiongnu Tomb have been unearthed. The silk fabrics of the Eastern Han Dynasty are the most in Minfeng County, Xinjiang, and have also been unearthed in Jiayuguan, Gansu. The silk weaving cultural relics of the Western Han Dynasty are:

Shandong Linyi Jinque Mountain silk painting; Mawangdui has more than 200 kinds of silk and ground painted silk paintings, topographical maps, garrison maps, all kinds of silk books, clothing, costumes, etc. According to the varieties of classification: plain weave weave square hole yarn, hub (crepe), silk, silk, twisted warp organization Luo, twill weave weave silk, Qi, brocade, bag-like double-layer organization of gold ribbon, printed painted fabrics and all kinds of Chu embroidery.

Luo Qi of the Han Dynasty is a high-grade silk fabric, including diamond pattern and geometric pattern, and the process is more complex; The geometric pattern and the bird flower rhombic pattern are also unique.

Chinese machine weaving originated from the spinning wheel and waist machine in the Neolithic period 5,000 years ago. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, simple mechanical reeling wheels, spinning wheels, and looms with traditional properties appeared one after another, and jacquard machines and oblique looms were widely used in the Han Dynasty.

The origins can be traced back to BC, a long, long time ago.

The founder of silkworm breeding and silk extraction in China - the ancestor.

She is the founder of silkworm raising and silk extraction in ancient Chinese legends. Her name was first found in the "Historical Records" of Sima Qian in the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC, 8 AD).

Lantian is warm and smoking. This situation can be recalled,

Textiles made from silk originated in China and were a famous specialty of ancient China. As far back as the Neolithic Age, silk weaving technology was invented in China. In 1958, the silk fabrics of more than 2,700 years BC found at the Qianshanyang site in Wuxing, Zhejiang, are the earliest silk weaving objects known in China, which have not been carbonized and slightly yellow-brown silk pieces, residual length centimeters, width 1 centimeter, and ribbons and silk threads that have been carbonized but still have a certain toughness.

Seeking adoption].

In that year, King Ma launched exquisite silk products among the earthen cultural relics. That's for the Western Han Dynasty.

The symbol of the highest level of silk weaving technology in the Han Dynasty was the sale of brocade in the air.

Brocade is a colorful jacquard silk fabric with a pattern woven with cooked silkworm colored silk that has been dyed, and it is the representative of the highest level of mockery in silk fabrics, and there is a saying that "its price is like gold". There are two kinds of warp and weft flowers, called warp brocade and weft brocade.

Warp brocade is interwoven with two or more groups of warp threads in the same group of weft, the weft is interwoven with one color, the warp is multi-colored, and the pattern is woven by the warp, and the pattern is characterized by the same pattern and the same color, forming a straight arrangement. Because the warp brocade is simpler than the weft brocade weaving process, the brocade before the Six Dynasties was mainly warp brocade.

The weft brocade is made by interweaving two or more groups of weft threads in the same group of warp threads, the warp thread is monochrome, and the weft thread is multi-colored. The weft brocade has many advantages over the warp brocade, such as not being limited by the loom, and the color weft of different colors can be selected arbitrarily according to the needs of the pattern; Many color wefts can be threaded into the shed one by one, and tightened with reeds, which will neither be chaotic and entangled, nor too loose, and the pattern is clear.

Representative of Han Dynasty brocade:

Shu brocade is a kind of brocade with a long history, it flourished in the Qin and Han dynasties, flourished in the Tang and Song dynasties, and was prosperous in the Ming and Qing dynasties in the Eastern Han Dynasty. In the more than 1,000 years since the Han and Tang dynasties, the north-south Silk Road of Shujin has been continuously exported to the outside world, which has not only accelerated the development and spread of China's silk industry, but also had an indelible impact on promoting cultural exchanges between the East and the West.

The allegorical pattern (also known as the auspicious pattern) often contains auspicious, wishful, smooth, festive, celebrated, longevity, blessings, wealth, prosperity and other beautiful and auspicious meanings. The auspicious pattern is more and more widely used in China's folk art, not only becoming an important feature of China's national brocade pattern, but also a valuable cultural heritage of China's traditional national arts and crafts.