What are some interesting genetic problems in the human body?

Diabetes mellitus Congenital heart disease.

Congenital stupidity polydactyly (toe).

Congenital deafness.

Hemophilia Genetic Disorders: Genetic disorders are diseases caused by changes in genetic material or controlled by genes that cause soldiers.

Genetic disorders are diseases that are determined wholly or partly by genetic factors, often congenital or acquired. Such as congenital stupidity, polydactyly, congenital deafness, hemophilia, etc., these genetic diseases are completely determined by genetic factors, and the onset of the disease occurs after a certain period of time, and sometimes it takes several years, more than ten years or even decades before obvious symptoms appear. For example, pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy does not develop until childhood; Chronic progressive chorea usually does not manifest until middle age.

Some genetic diseases require the combined action of genetic factors and environmental factors to develop the disease, such as filial asthma, genetic factors account for 80%, and environmental factors account for 20%; For gastric and duodenal ulcers, genetic factors account for 30% to 40%, and environmental factors account for 60% to 70%. Genetic diseases often occur in multiple people in a family, familial, but it is also possible that there is only one patient in a family, which is sporadic, such as phenylketonuria, because of its low frequency of pathogenic genes, and it is an autosomal recessive genetic disease, only when both husband and wife have a gene that causes the disease, the child will become homozygous for this recessive pathogenic gene (both genes in the same gene locus are abnormal) and get the disease, so it is mostly sporadic, especially in families with only one child, It's not surprising that there are occasional sporadic patients with genetic diseases!

Summary. The genetic material of a person is DNA. Genetic material is the material that transmits genetic information between parents and offspring. Except for a portion of the diseased DU, the genetic material of the diseased DU is RNA, and the rest of the diseased DU and all organisms with typical cellular structures.

I am glad to answer for you that the genetic material of the human being is DNA: the accompanying role of nucleic acid in life activities Thematic modeling: Analysis: Nucleic acids are divided into DNA and DNA according to the five carbon sugars, and the genetic material of the organism with cell structure is DNA

The human genetic substance is DNA. Genetic material is the material that transmits genetic information between parents and offspring. Except for a portion of the diseased DU, the genetic material of the diseased DU is RNA, and the rest of the diseased DU and all organisms with typical cellular structures.

If you are in trouble, I am happy to answer for you that the genetic material of human beings is DNA: the role of nucleic acids in life activities Thematic simulation: analysis: nucleic acids are divided into DNA and DNA according to the five carbon sugars, and the genetic material of the organism with cell structure is DNAM

The genetic material of an organism with MM cell structure is DNA

Studies by medical experts at home and abroad have shown that there are 10 characteristics of the human body that are related to heredity.

About 35% of the height of tall children comes from the inheritance of the father, 35% from the inheritance of the mother, and the remaining 30% from the influence of the acquired environment. Therefore, if one of the parents is short, the child will often be shorter.

If both parents have had pimples, they are about 20 times more likely to be passed on to their children.

Fewer whiteheads and fewer whiteheads are recessive, and the chance of inheritance is very low.

Baldness is a special semi-recessive inheritance that is only inherited in males, so if the father is bald, the son will have a 50% chance of being bald; If the mother's father is bald, there is a 25% chance that the son is bald.

Double eyelidsDouble eyelids are dominantly inherited. If the father has double eyelids, the chances of the child having double eyelids are high. In addition, such as too many eyes, high nose, large earlobes and long eyelashes, etc., are all very obvious dominant inheritance.

Generally speaking, boys' voices are slightly similar to their father's, and girls' voices are slightly similar to their mother's. However, if it is affected by factors such as lung capacity, tongue length, mouth shape, facial bones, etc., as well as the defects of congenital conditions, it can also be different by acquired vocal training.

Generally speaking, the inheritance of skin color has the characteristic of "multiplying and averaging". If the parents' ** are darker, the children will not have white skin; If one side is white and the other is black, the child's skin tone will be neutral.

Obese body shape is very easy to pass on to the next generation. If both parents are obese, about 53% of children will become obese; If one partner is obese, the heritability rate drops to 40%.

The shape of the lower jaw is an unusually obvious dominant inheritance. If either parent has a protruding chin, there is a good chance that the child will inherit this particular shape.

Radish legsRadish legs are due to the accumulation of too much subcutaneous fat, which can be avoided with adequate exercise.

Since classical molecular biology theories are based on the study of prokaryotes, new problems arise when people apply traditional concepts to higher organisms, such as mammals. For example, in higher organisms, despite the totipotency of germ cells, the gene expression profiles of different types of cells are often very different during ontogeny, and cell fate is significantly differentiated. Importantly, cell differentiation events are heritable until the completion of development, and cells of the same type form form various tissues that perform independent functions.

Clearly, a simple "DNA-DNA" replication pattern cannot explain this genetic problem during ontogeny. So, what is the substance responsible for "memory" and genetic gene expression profiles during development? In another example, scientists compared the DNA sequences of the genomes of humans and chimpanzees and found more than 96% similarities.

In fact, chimpanzees and humans are very different from humans in terms of language and intelligence, in addition to their similar size. So, how is this intrinsic "ability" inherited by human beings? Another example is that human individuals have the same genomic DNA sequence, but their personalities are different from each other. Sometimes a child's personality is like that of his parents, and sometimes he is not like his parents.

How can this be explained? Perhaps "epigenetics" could be used to explain the question raised above.

People refer to these reversible and heritable changes in gene function in the absence of changes in the DNA sequence of the nucleus as epigenetics. In fact, the concept of epigenetics was proposed as early as the 40s of the last century, but it was not fully understood until the last 20 years [6]. The core research content of epigenetics is focused on chromatin, the carrier of DNA.

Histones are the key proteins that fold DNA to form chromatin. The octamer composed of double copies of histone H2a, H2b, H3, and H4 and its 147 base pairs wound around it form the nucleosome core, and then the nucleosome is formed at intervals with histone H1, and the beaded nucleosomes are repeatedly coiled and folded to form chromatin. The carboxy-terminal globular domain of a histone serves as the core structure of the nucleosome, while the amino terminus is exposed.

Histones, especially the amino terminus to which they are exposed, undergo a series of post-translational modifications, such as acetylation, methylation, and so on. It has been found that DNA in mammalian cells can also be methylated. Recent decades of research have confirmed that epigenetic modifications of chromatin are involved in almost all DNA metabolism processes, including transcription, replication, damage repair, and more.

In the process of ontogeny, the differences in epigenetic modifications of the genome determine the direction of cell differentiation. As a result, many scientists have proposed that for eukaryotes, chromosomes (chromatin), which are the carriers of DNA, are the complete genetic material.

The genetic material of human beings is DNA and RNA, and DNA is found in the nucleus of every cell in the human body, and there are also a few in the cytoplasm. RNA is present in the cytoplasm and DNA is the main genetic material, whereas the mode of inheritance of RNA follows cytoplasmic inheritance (maternal inheritance).

DNA, to be correct, is all animals and plants, microorganisms and some viruses have genetic material that is DNA, while a few viruses have RNA genetic material and a small number of viruses whose genetic material may be made up of proteins, such as American mad cow disease.

Most of it is DNA, and a few are RNA, such as tobacco mosaic virus.

Human chromosomes: human genetic material, carriers of genes.