File system partitioning in Linux

Neither of the first two seems to be true.

Let's talk about the relationship between mount points and devices (storage space).

A mount point is just a directory, or rather"Location"(equivalent to "place names", like Jiangsu, Hebei), just for the convenience of accessing the device;

Data (here only files) are stored on devices (here only block devices, such as hard disks and USB flash drives), not on mount points, and the device is the real storage space.

1.All devices are mounted in the root directory or its subdirectories, so the root directory is not equivalent to the C system disk, but to the entire system.

2 and 3Files are stored on the device (not the mount point), so if you mount multiple devices (usually disk partitions) separately to directories such as usr home var lib, then the device corresponding to those directories is "getting bigger", not the root directory is getting bigger.

4.Regarding Linux partitioning, there are many recommended solutions on the Internet.

Desktop system partitions are mainly considered for data security, and some partitions are usually formatted when reinstalling the system, and if you put data files in a separate partition, you don't need to delete these files when you reinstall the system.

btw: In order to be more rigorous, I have to be a little more verbose...

Linux, UNIX, AIX directory is just a file system node, the whole file system is like a tree, the directory is like a branch, these branches can be grafted with different tree species, that is, the root, boot, swap, home, user can be hung in different hard disk partitions, can also be placed on the same partition. See how you want to plan, generally open other partitions in the user directory one level below home.

Forget about Windows partitions, the Linux Unix file system is a tree structure that is the starting point for all.

Generally, the partition planned by Redhat by default is sufficient. There is LVM, which is easy to expand, and you basically don't have to worry about partitioning

The file system type of the root partition of Linux is ext3.

ext3 is a log file system. If the ext3 file system is used, the system does not need to check the file system even after an abnormal shutdown. The ext3 file system can greatly improve the integrity of the file system and avoid the damage to the file system due to unexpected downtime.

Linux file system formats are quite complex and diverse, such as ext, ext2, ext3, ext4, jsf, xfs, reiserfs, etc.

In general, most of the Linux root partition file systems use ext3 and ext4, which you can choose when installing.

Summary. 1. Ordinary documents: regular documents.

Character devices include keyboards, terminals, printers, mice, etc. Block devices include hard disks, floppy disks, optical discs, etc. 3. Directory file:

One. Indicates the ,... of the directory itselfIndicates the parent directory of the directory.

What are the types of files classified by the Linux operating system? What are the characteristics of each?

Hello Tanheng, dear, I'm glad to answer for you. The file types commonly used by Linux operating systems include common files, directory scatter files, device files, linked files, and other Linux file types.

2. Device files: including character devices and block devices. Character devices include keyboards, terminals, printers, mice, etc.

Block devices include hard disks, floppy disks, optical discs, etc. 3. Directory file: one.

Indicates that the catalogue is ,...Indicates the parent directory of the directory.

4. Linked files: The files that are connected by the chain can be placed in the same or different directories, in the same directory, and the two must have different Wenjia names, and in different directories, the linked files can have the same name as the original file.

Linux file types are divided into common files, D directory files, B block device files, C character device files (serial port devices), S socket files (special files Scoket), and L link files.

For example, in the following figure, d starts with a directory file, - starts with a normal file, and l starts with a linked file.

Files created with tool commands such as touch, cp, tar, echo, cat, etc., are ordinary files, and ordinary files are divided into the following three types:

2) Binary: executable file (command) in Linux

3) Data format file (a special kind of file data).

ls -ld can display all directory files.

It refers to the link through the inode, and multiple files in the system each point to the same inode, which is normally allowed, and the file in this case is called a hard link. In the actual production environment, users can use hard links to prevent accidental deletion of important data.

ln source filename link filename Create a hard-linked file.

ln -s source filename link filename to create a soft-linked file.

1) When deleting the source file, the hard-linked file is used normally, and the soft-linked file becomes invalid.

2) When a hard link is deleted, it has no effect on the source file and the soft link.

3) When deleting a soft link, it has no effect on the source file and the hard link.

4) Once you delete the source file and hard-linked file, the entire file will be deleted.

1) The directory is not a hard link file, but a soft link file can be created.

2) Soft links to directories are very useful in a production environment.

3) All directories have a hard link"."Directory hard links do not cross file systems.

Linux file extensions are mainly used to make it easier to distinguish between different files, and are not the same as Windows strongly typed extensions.

1、.tar . tgz .A zip type of file means a compressed file.

2、.sh indicates a shell script file.

3、.html .php .JSP web page file.

4、.conf configuration file for system services.

5、.rpm stands for rpm installation package file.

Each file has its own attributes, including the number of nodes, file types, permissions, owners, groups, last modified, size, file or directory names, and the number of hard links.

For example, d represents a directory file, rwxr-xr-x represents permissions, the first rwx represents the permissions of the file owner user, the second r-x represents the permissions of the group to which it belongs, and the third r-x represents the permissions of other users. 2 indicates the number of hard links, the first root indicates that the file owner is root, the second root indicates the group it belongs to, 42 indicates the file size, and may 27 2021 indicates the last modification time, which is the file name.

The number of the inodes in it needs to be seen by ls -i, and the string of numbers displayed on the far left is shown in the following figure

Summary. 1 High degree of modularity The kernel design of Linux is very exquisite, which is divided into five parts: process scheduling, memory management, inter-process communication, virtual file system and network interface. Its unique module mechanism allows certain modules to be inserted or removed from the kernel in real time according to the user's needs, so that the Linux system kernel can be trimmed to a very small size. The basic unit of information processed by the Linux operating system is the file structure file.

There are many types of file systems, such as: ext2: a file system commonly used in early Linux; ext3 ：

Upgraded version of ext2 with logging function; RAMFS : Memory file system, fast; ISO9660: Optical Disc or Optical Disc Mirroring; nfs ：

1. Support sequential access and random access. 2. Sequential access speed is fast. 3. The required disk seek number and seek time are the least.

Disadvantages: 1. It is necessary to reserve a number of physical blocks for each file to meet the needs of part of the file growth. 2. It is not conducive to file insertion and deletion.

2. Chain structure Advantages: 1. Improve disk space.

What are the types of files classified by the Linux operating system? What are the characteristics of each?

Can you add, I don't quite understand it.

1 High degree of modularity The kernel design of Linux is very exquisite, which is divided into five parts: process scheduling, memory management, inter-process communication, virtual file system and network interface. Its unique module mechanism can insert or remove certain modules from the kernel in real time according to the user's needs, so that the Linux system kernel can be cut very small. The basic unit of information processed by the Linux operating system is the file structure file. There are many types of file systems, such as:

ext2 : The file system commonly used in early Linux; ext3 : an upgraded version of ext2 with log function; ramfs ：

Memory file system, fast; ISO9660: Optical Disc or Optical Disc Mirroring; NFS: 1. Support sequential access and random access.

2. Sequential access speed is fast. 3. The required disk seek number and seek time are the least. Cons:

1. It is necessary to reserve a number of physical blocks for each file to meet the needs of part of the file growth. 2. It is not conducive to file insertion and deletion. Second, the chain structure advantages:

1. Increased disk space.

The main types of Linux files are as follows:

6 1 Regular file: This is the file that we usually access, and the first attribute displayed by ls -al is [-e.g. [-rwxrwxrwx]. In addition, according to the content of the document, it can be roughly divided into:

8 7 Plain Text File (ASCII): This is one of the most common file types in the UNIX system, and is called a plain text file because the content is data that we can read directly, such as numbers, letters, and so on. Almost all settings files fall into this file type.

For example, use the command "cat .."bashrc" (cat reads out the contents of the file).

8 7 Binary: As we mentioned in the history of GNU, systems only know and can execute binary files. Executables in Linux (scripts, batch files in text form are not counted) are formatted in this way.

For example, the command cat is a binary.

8 7 Data format files: Some programs will read some files of specific formats during operation, and those files of specific formats can be called data files. For example, when a user logs in, Linux logs login data in a var log wtmp file, which is a data file that can be read out with the last command.

However, when using CAT, garbled characters are read. Because it is a file that belongs to a special format.

6 1 directory: This is the directory, the first attribute is [d], e.g. [drwxrwxrwx].

6 1 Link file: Similar to the shortcut below Windows. The first attribute is [l], e.g. [lrwxrwxrwx].

Pasting and copying is not technical at all.

It is worth noting that files under Linux do not have extensions like those under Windows.

Under linux, you can add or not add extensions.

Just take a look at it with ls -hl.

If the first letter is:

d Table of Contents. c character file.

l Link files.

b block file.