What is the sound of throwing ice into a 90 metre deep borehole in an Antarctic glacier?

Scientists drilled a hole in the Antarctic ice sheet to extract an ice core, after which they threw a piece of ice into the hole, which is about 22 centimeters in diameter and 137 meters deep. Something unexpected happened, the ice collided with the ice cave wall during the fall, making a sound similar to a gunfight, which was very amazing

The Antarctic Continental Ice Sheet is formed by the weight of the snow itself squeezed over many years, and is called gravity ice. In the Antarctic region, due to the low temperatures, the snow does not melt, and the snow pack forms layers of sediment every year, and from the bottom to the top, layers of ice gradually form from the bottom to the top, and the older you go, the newer it becomes. <>

In winter, the temperature is low, and the snow particles are fine and compact; In summer, the temperature is high, and the snow grains are coarse and loose; As a result, there is a significant difference in the layering structure between the ice formed by the winter and summer snow cover, like the growth rings of the trunk of a tree, and the ice layer about 90 meters thick can be identified in this intuitive way, representing nearly 500 years of ice deposition.

The glaciers in Antarctica are very old, and the lower they are, the older the ice and snow are. And due to the accumulation of layers and the increasing pressure, the ice and snow at the bottom change the shape of the particles under the weight, causing light refraction and emitting a blue glow. At the same time, the bubbles in the snow and ice are also tightly sealed, and once the glacier breaks when it enters the seawater, these ice blocks "crackle" and explode when they melt.

Antarctica is a continent covered by ice and snow for a long time, and it is rich in mineral resources. Since the 60s of the 18th century, countries around the world have competed to explore and explore Antarctica. In 1985, China officially sent a scientific research ship to Antarctica and established the Great Wall Station of China in Antarctica, and in 1989, it established the Zhongshan Station in Antarctica.

Drilling is one of the most important methods of Antarctic expeditions. The purpose of drilling is to: remove the original ice core and ice chips, and study the paleontology and microbia in the paleoice layer to find out the "condensation record" under paleoclimatic conditions; Comprehensive research on Antarctic geology, mineralogy, atmospheric physics, paleoclimatology, etc.; Exploration of geological and mineral resources.

The deepest hole constructed was a 2,164-meter hole constructed in 1968 by the Cold Zone Research and Engineering, Laboratory in the United States. The former Soviet Union began drilling in Antarctica in 1967 and set a record for the deepest hole depth of 2,371 meters in February 1989. By 1989, the former Soviet Union had obtained a total of 12,000 meters of cores.

Through the analysis of ice cores, similar spore pollen and microorganisms dating back to 8000 to 13000 years ago were found.

It is said that in the early years of the Antarctic expedition members, when drinking whiskey, they had the privilege of enjoying the "10,000-year-old ice" collected on these glaciers. When they toss the ice cubes into the glass, the blue ice cubes make a "crackle, mile, pop, la" sound in the whiskey, and people can enjoy the Antarctic ice cubes while tasting the **.

The members of the Japanese scientific expedition once used the cold storage on the scientific research ship to deliberately bring these "singing ice" home.

There will be a boom. Because there is also ice under the hole 90 meters deep in the Antarctic glacier, when the ice and ice collide with each other, it will make a violent sound.

The first thing is definitely the sound of the ice hitting each other, and as the ice hits the bottom, it ends up with a bullet-like sharp sound.

No sound will be heard. Because the borehole was deep and the glacier was covered with water, the faint sound had been swallowed up.

When you first throw it in, you will hear the sound of ice cubes hitting the ice wall, which is very pleasant to listen to, and then as the depth of the fall increases, it will make a sound like thunder, which is very loud.

When throwing ice cubes into the Antarctic ice borehole, turn on the sound to enjoy.

Because after the ice melts into water, it will cause the height of the air column in the bottle to be different, according to the principle of sound vibration, the higher the air column, the lower the frequency, and the lower the sound tone; The lower the air column, the higher the frequency and the higher the pitch.

It's the same as taking a cup to catch water with a mold solution, and the sound is different in height.

Now the irrational behavior of human beings has caused the ice in Antarctica to melt gradually

On the frozen continent of Antarctica, there are also many rivers. Most of these rivers, like those of other continents, originate in the mountains. However, these rivers are a little different from the rivers of other continents, they have no waves, no waves, and the riverbed is not flowing water, but solid ice.

Therefore, instead of calling them rivers, they were given another name, "glaciers".

Glaciers are arguably not as numerous and as large as Antarctica anywhere in the world. Especially in the middle of the Hengduan Mountains in Antarctica, it is a place where large glaciers are concentrated.

The Hengduan Mountains in Antarctica are one of the most majestic mountain ranges in the world. With a total length of more than 3,200 kilometers, it starts from the shore of the Pacific Ocean, winds south along the coast of the Ross Sea, crosses the Antarctic continent, and reaches the shore of the Atlantic Ocean, dividing the entire Antarctic continent in half. The peaks on the ridge are towering into the sky, and many of them rise 3,000 to 4,000 kilometers above the sea, which is extremely spectacular.

Behind the Hengduan Mountains in Antarctica is the vast Antarctic ice sheet, which is more than 2,000 meters high. In front of it, there is the Ross Ice Shelf, which is only a few tens of meters above sea level. The huge Antarctic ice sheet is thick and large, and its own tremendous pressure causes the ice sheet to flow slowly.

The slowly moving ice was blocked by this tall mountain range, so it had to flow out of the mountains, forming many large glaciers.

In Antarctica, the Bildmore Glacier is one of the largest of them. It has a total length of more than 160 kilometers, a width of more than 16 30 kilometers, and the widest place is about the same width as the Yangtze River estuary, and the height difference between the upstream and downstream is huge, from more than 2,000 meters to more than 60 meters.

On other continents, rivers often form waterfalls where there is a large drop. Glaciers are no exception, and the waterfalls they form are known as icefalls. In fact, these icefalls are steep ice cliffs, some more than 30 meters high, like a roaring waterfall that suddenly freezes into ice, which is one of the great wonders of Antarctica.

The Icefall Glacier is flowing, and it also continues to accept some Xiaoice rivers that flow in, which are the "tributaries" of the glacier. Due to the inconsistency of the strength of the large and Xiaoice rivers and the different speeds of flow, cracks were torn out on the ice surface. This kind of ice crack is tens of meters deep, and some of the surface is covered with snow.

The sound of ice breaking constantly on the glacier is moving. In the early days of the expedition, the ice crevasses posed a great threat to the lives of the expedition members, which led them to call the glacier "frozen hell".

However, since Antarctic expeditions using such means of transport as airplanes, the situation has not been the same. Observing glaciers from above is also very interesting. High in the sky, when people look down, they will see a rushing blue river, shining in the sun.

Dense ice cracks, arranged very neatly, like waves on a river. But the glacier isn't really a river after all, it doesn't have rushing rapids, it just lies there quietly, flowing slowly at a speed you can't detect. And it's surprising how slowly it flows – scientists have measured that glaciers can only move 100 to 1,000 metres in a year.

Its appearance illustrates the disappearance of the ozone layer, and the hole in the ozone layer will make the earth more vulnerable to ultraviolet rays and make it easier for global temperatures to rise, leading to a series of environmental problems.

The emergence of the Antarctic hole may bring great disasters to mankind, because the Antarctic hole is very likely to contain prehistoric viruses, and human beings cannot resist these viruses.

Its emergence means that global temperatures will rise, leading to a rise in sea levels and devastating blows to people in coastal areas.

Antarctic glaciers are melting.

1. The reason is because of the destruction of the environment by human factors.

Destruction of the protective layer of the atmosphere.

Destroys the ozone layer.

This leads to the melting of Antarctic glaciers.

2. The consequences are quite serious.

Glaciers melt. Freshwater resources are decreasing.

Sea level rises.

Coastal cities are facing the dilemma of being submerged.

It will also lead to major changes in the global climate.

It directly affects the survival of the whole world and the fate of all mankind!

<> North-South Round Pole is the refrigerator of the earth, storing a large amount of ice, regulating the overall climate of the earth and maintaining the balance of sea level. With the intensification of global warming, the earth's refrigerator has opened a crack in the door, and the ice that is close to the crack is melting rapidly, causing changes in global air currents and ocean currents, and the threat of sea level rise is increasing.

The closest place to the door of the Antarctic refrigerator is the West Antarctic ice sheet, which is currently the fastest melting of Antarctic ice. Thwaites Glacier is the closest to the refrigerator door of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, covering an area of 190,000 square kilometers, which is larger than the entire area of Guangdong Province.

Thwaites Glacier is particularly vulnerable to melting due to its proximity to the refrigerator door in Antarctica, and the amount of ice flowing out of Thwaites and surrounding glaciers has almost doubled in the past 30 years; The ice that is discharged into the Amundsen Sea from Thwaites Glacier alone contributes about 4% to global sea level rise. According to the research of scientists, if the Thwaites Glacier collapses into the sea, it will cause the global sea level to ** meters, bringing a huge disaster, so it is called the "Doomsday Glacier".

In order to find out the details of the bottom of Thwaites Glacier, British and American scientists have developed a yellow ice-bottom robot, ICEFIN, which is being sent to the bottom of the glacier through boreholes, hoping to collect data on the interaction of the glacier with the ocean and underlying sediments, and better determine the timing of the collapse of Thwaites Glacier and the impact on sea level rise.

This is the first time scientists have drilled at Thwaites Glacier, this time using a hot water drill, which goes 300 to 700 meters below the glacier to reach the seafloor and the sediments below, to reveal the mysterious boundary between the glacier and the earth – the grounding line. Here, warm water is melting the base of the glacier, causing the grounding line to retreat, and once the huge ice shelves are not enough to support the glacier's floating, the glacier will collapse and a large amount of ice will enter the ocean.

The deployment of ICEFIN is part of the International Thwaites Glacier Collaboration, a project that scientists from the United Kingdom and the United States have been working on for many years, investing heavily and working for two months on Antarctica, an inaccessible glacier with snowstorms and temperatures below -30 degrees Celsius, is a huge challenge for scientists.

Scientists are budgeting for the timing of the glacier collapse. Glaciers are melting rapidly, causing sea levels to rise dramatically. This shows that the time for the collapse of the Antarctic glacier is not far off.

Antarctic glaciers will all melt at the end of the 21st century, because as global warming accelerates, glaciers will melt faster and faster.

The North and South Poles are the Earth's refrigerators, storing large amounts of ice, regulating the Earth's climate and maintaining sea level balance. As global warming intensifies, refrigerators on Earth have opened a crack in the door, and the ice near the crack is melting rapidly, causing changes in global air currents and ocean currents, and the threat of sea level rise is increasing.

Melting glaciers mean that millions of people in Asia will be at risk of floods, droughts, mudslides, ice and snow avalanches and other disasters.

The first is the overflow of rivers that will wash away farmland and homes in China, India and Southeast Asia. After a few decades, the original rivers shrank into a trickle, and drought followed. Then came the great flood again – a tsunami of floodwaters that broke through the earth's thin frozen layer, washed out bridges, dams and Himalayan communities, and to the horror of all, any remedy might be too late.

All of this is a possible consequence of Asia's worst environmental problems – melting Himalayan glaciers and huge glaciers that are moving slowly and imperceptibly along the valleys of the Tibetan Plateau.

In 2005, Chinese scientists found in the fourth comprehensive scientific expedition to the Mount Everest region that the Rongbu Glacier on the north slope of Everest had retreated severely, and compared with 2002, the upper limit of the ablation zone of the East Rongbu Glacier had risen within three years, 50 meters.

In addition, according to the monitoring results of satellite remote sensing technology, in the past 30 years, more than 60 of the more than 700 glaciers in the Qilian Mountains, Animaqing Mountains, the northern slopes of West Kunlun, the Gradandan Dong area of the source of the Yangtze River, the Ranniao Lake area in southeastern Tibet, and the Mount Everest region of the Himalayas have been in a state of retreat. The marshlands on the Tibetan Plateau have been significantly degraded, and the lake surface area has been shrinking due to the decrease in the amount of water in the lake.

The Himalayan glacier is the largest reservoir of solid water on earth outside the poles, the source of seven major rivers in Asia (Ganges, Indus, Brahmaputra, Nu, Mekong, Yangtze and Yellow Rivers), and glacial meltwater feeds hundreds of millions of people in the Indian subcontinent and China. Melting glaciers mean that millions of people in Asia will be at risk of floods, droughts, mudslides, ice and snow avalanches and other disasters.