Explanation of terms Road subgrade, explanation of pavement nouns

In fact, this question is mainly in the drawing review stage, the aspects that should be raised in doubt, recorded in the form of words, and let the participants know. However, due to some defects in the project, the project has been progressing for more than 1 year, and the drawing review has not yet been held, so I wonder what to do when the time comes. And the understanding of the supervision of this problem is to fill above the original ground, but this is just in conflict with the "embankment filling lime soil", this problem I only asked for an explanation in the design representative office, and the supervisor did not understand and know, which directly led to our measurement when it was troublesome, and the information was not easy to do. Hehe!

A pavement is a layered structure that is paved on the roadbed with various materials for vehicles to drive. Although an unpaved roadbed can also drive vehicles, it is not very resistant to natural elements and vehicle loads. When the weather is sunny, it is dusty, and when it rains, it will make its surface rugged and uneven, causing the vehicle to be bumpy and skidding, and the driving speed is low, and even impassable.

After paving the road surface and improving the road conditions, it is possible to make the vehicle pass around the clock, and the car can drive on the road cavity at a certain speed, safely, comfortably and economically.

Pavement is the main component of the road, and its quality will directly affect driving speed, safety and transportation costs. High-grade highways with good pavement can ensure that vehicles drive at high speed, safely and comfortably, and can also save more transportation costs and give full play to the functions of high-grade highways.

The road surface consists of carriageways and hard shoulders.

Dirt shoulders, curbs and ** separators. Pavement structure layer.

From top to bottom, it can be divided into surface layer, base layer, and cushion layer.

Sometimes there is also a coupling layer under the surface layer. The roles of each level of structure are as follows:

1) Surface layer. Vertical, horizontal and impact forces that directly bear the driving load.

role, as well as the most adverse effects of atmospheric changes.

2) Grassroots. It mainly absorbs the vertical force of the vehicle load transmitted from the surface layer and spreads it into the cushion and soil foundation.

3) Cushioning. The main function is to improve the humidity and temperature of the soil foundation, so as to ensure the stability of the strength and stiffness of the surface layer and the base layer, and not to produce frost heave and slurry turning diseases.

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The explanation of the terms of the conventional design method of foundation foundation is that the design code for building foundation is.

1. What are the design specifications for building foundation foundation 1. The foundation after increasing treatment should meet the requirements of building bearing capacity, deformation and stability; 2. Increase the inspection requirements for the comprehensive safety factor of the acceptance inspection of the foundation treatment project using a variety of foundation treatment methods; 3. The materials used in the addition of foundation treatment should meet the requirements of durability design according to the site environmental category. 2. How deep is the foundation of the three-story building: 1. The foundation of the three-story building is best dug below the old soil layer, and the overall bottom two shall not be less than 50cm; 2. If conditions permit, dig as deep as possible, the shallow foundation is not too firm, and it is not safe to live; 3. In addition, if you choose a strip foundation, the width of the foundation of a three-story building in rural areas should not be less than 1 meter, and it is best to take meters; The burial depth must first reach the old soil layer, and it should be in the permafrost layer. Third, why should the foundation be excavatedThe foundation should be excavated because the soil or rock and soil that support the foundation, the building foundation needs to be buried in the soil, one is stable, the other is the structural requirements (such as the erosion of rainwater, the destruction of the biological action of grass and trees, etc.), and the third is that the bearing capacity of the surface layer of the soil is low, and it is difficult to carry the weight of the building.

Therefore, the foundation has to be excavated. Fourth, before digging the foundation, why to carry out general exploration, also known as brazing, is a simple detection method to drill the steel bent into the soil layer, and detect the soil layer according to the number of hits required for a certain footage or roughly estimate the allowable bearing capacity of the soil layer. This method is suitable for the quality of foundation and pit (groove) subsoil of buildings or structures.

The purpose of foundation exploration is mainly to check whether the foundation is uniform, and then to observe whether there are ancient wells, tombs and other things that affect the bearing capacity under the foundation. 5. What are the treatment methods of the foundation 1. Replacement method. If the ground foundation is weak and cannot meet the requirements of the superstructure, it is recommended to change the soil cushion to deal with the softer foundation, first dig out the soil layer within a certain range, and then use the mixture of sand and gravel to replace the fill, so that the base layer of the ground is more tightly buried and solid.

2. Preloading method. The preloading method is one of the common foundation treatment methods. Before the construction of the building, the water in the pores of the soil is discharged to narrow the pores, so that the soil is more solid and the foundation is more stable.

The general preloading method is suitable for the foundation depth of about 10 meters, and if the vacuum preloading method is used, the depth is about 15 meters. What are the design codes for building foundations**2020-10-26 09:18:

50. What are the design specifications for building foundations? 1. The treated foundation should meet the requirements of building bearing capacity, deformation and stability; 2. Increase the inspection requirements for the comprehensive safety factor of the acceptance inspection of the foundation treatment project using a variety of foundation treatment methods; 3. The materials used in the addition of foundation treatment should meet the requirements of durability design according to the site environmental category. Second, how deep is the foundation of the three-story building, and it is best to dig the foundation of the 1 and three-story buildings.

DDF traffic direction coefficient: the ratio of the amount of traffic chaos in a certain direction to the average number of traffic in both directions; The traffic direction coefficient is the ratio of the amount of traffic in one direction to the average of the traffic volume in both directions on a road that travels in both directions. This coefficient is most pronounced during the morning and evening peaks, and the direction is reversed.

For example, during the morning rush hour, cars are more likely to drive east from the western suburbs to the urban area, and vice versa during the evening rush hour. Grasping this coefficient can be used to consider mitigation measures in traffic management, such as the main road with 3 lanes to and from, increasing to 4 lanes from west to east during the morning rush hour, and mobilizing isolation piers to achieve this purpose; In the evening rush hour, it is reduced to 2 lanes. Reference 1 Ma Guangwen Dictionary of Transportation:

Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press

Interpretation of the cross section.

The surface that is exposed when the object is cut off from a direction perpendicular to the object's axis. Lu Xun's "Lace Literature: Strange (II)" For example, 'longitudinal section' and 'cross section' are interpreted as 'straight section' and 'cross section', which is easy to understandIf it is said to be 'horizontal sawn surface' and 'straight saw macro mold surface', then even the carpenter's apprentice understands it. Mao Dun "Chinese New Year" three:

Sure enough, there were a few traces of white on the cross-section of the rice cake, which should be lard. ”

Word decomposition Horizontal interpretation horizontal é parallel to the ground, as opposed to "vertical" and "straight" : beam. Horizontal frieze.

Banners. Banners. Horizontal batches.

Horizontal suspicion answer phi (long banner calligraphy and painting). Horizontal plaque. Banners.

Turned. Left and right, perpendicular to the visual direction, opposite to "vertical", "vertical", "vertical": horizontal.

Horizontally. Hengqin is absolutely wise. Horizontal oblique.

The interpretation of the section is also called the section, the section, the surface section diagram presented after the object is cut off explains the section in detail, and the section presented after the object is cut off. He Yongao, "Forty Days on the Mountain of Flames": "The rock structure underneath can be seen very clearly in the section of the stone gate.

Xinmin Evening News.Petrified wood is dark brown in color