How did the medical examiner determine the identity of the deceased based on a pair of white bones?

One type of national forensic evaluator, in accordance with laws and regulations.

and industry operation norms, using various technologies or means, in an important time node, through public-to-public investigation, public-to-public evidence collection, on-site medical investigation, medical tracking and evidence collection, vital medical examination and observation of injuries, autopsy, symptom analysis, test comparison, observation and interrogation, relic identification, collection and monitoring, special examination, a set of legal and medical appraisal. Those who meet the requirements should assist the case-handling people's police in filing and arresting cases through investigation and presentation of evidence, and it is the public security organs.

The core of criminal investigation and evidence collection is that compared with clinicians who only focus on living medicine, modern Chinese forensic medicine takes both "living medicine" and "death medicine" as research objects.

Forensic medicine is the application of basic medicine.

Clinical medicine and related forensic science and technology, forensic technology, and related legal aspects of the human body (living, cadaver, mental) and crime scenes.

Scientific and technical personnel who conduct surveys, identifications, and make appraisals. Ancient forensic medicine was called Lingshi and Qizuo.

It mainly does a simple autopsy (which does not involve modern Western medicine science and technology, especially pathology). In modern China, forensic science has become a complex and open system, actively absorbing the sciences from mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, psychology and computer science.

With engineering knowledge, the modern science and technology system is in Dacheng, and is moving towards a scientific, standardized, institutionalized and standardized road. Just as the country's legal system is divided into judicial power, legislative power, and administrative power, forensic appraisal is gradually moving towards the three major fields of judicial appraisal, legislative appraisal, and administrative appraisal. For forensic medicine, the human body (living body, corpse) is not the goal, the spirit of the rule of law and the awareness of human rights are the ultimate goal, and medical science is the means to achieve the goal.

Firstly, the skeletal structure of males and females is different, with males having larger skeletons and females being more slender, and secondly, the distinction between sexes can also be made through the identification of chromosomes, which is traditionally the objective basis for inferring the time of early death, mainly cadaveric phenomena (mortis, corpse spots.

cadaver temperature, etc.), the temperature of the environment, the physique of the cadaver, the degree of exercise, whether or not alcohol is consumed, whether narcotics are used.

The degree of digestion of the stomach contents and the growth and variation of plants around the entity.

Mortis usually begins after death1 3 and begins to appear on the facial and eye muscles, and then spreads to the upper and lower extremities of the torso. After 12 hours, the corpse is completely dead. The mortis lasted for about 6 hours and began to subside, and the corpse recovered and softened.

There is also a certain time pattern for the appearance of corpse spots, and the blood circulates after death.

Stop, as soon as half an hour later, the blood fell to the bottom blood vessels of the corpse due to its own gravity, and the ** showed purple-red marks there, like red wine at the bottom of the bottle, which was the corpse spots.

In addition, the temperature of the fat man's corpse decreases more slowly than that of the thin man; Warm indoors.

The temperature of the corpse is slower than that of the corpse outside the cold room.

The structure of the bones, the texture of the bones, and the color of the bones.

Just as a tree has an age, the bones will show its age.

The time of death, age, and sex can be determined by the bones.

The bones of men and women are different, and the color and shape of the bones also represent the difference of a person.

There is physical anthropology in archaeology, and there is software to reconstruct the appearance of the skull.

Looking at the bones and physical features, such as trauma, limb defects, should be seen.

Bone mass can determine gender and age.

Because the medical examiner has the expertise to make a judgment.

The most reliable method is medical means, DNA comparison, etc.

According to various clues and characteristics and scientific medical methods.

Bone quality or something can be judged about the approximate age and gender.

Because they are very familiar with the various stages that the human body goes through at various times after death, they can know when the corpse died by direct comparison.

Examine cadaveric phenomena such as corpse spots, zombies, corneal opacities, and even superbiotic reactions.

This can be speculated on the basis of many aspects, such as the temperature of the corpse.

People have specialized techniques to judge the temperature and the stiffness of the body.

It can be calculated according to the temperature of the corpse, as well as the degree of healing of the wound of the corpse, the corpse spots, etc.

It can be distinguished by the temperature of the corpse and the stiffness of the body.

This is also judged by many reasons, such as looking at his eyes and so on.

This is people's professional knowledge, and people have special technology to judge.

It's through the teeth...

Hair... dna

If it's complete and clear, you can "human flesh"...

Forehead ......First of all, of course, the identification of the family, face, clothing, personal belongings, etc., of course, in this case, the body still has the conditions for identification and can find suspected relatives.

Secondly......In most cases, a blood sample of the deceased, or a rib cartilage or tooth is taken and compared with a DNA comparison with an unknown body bank and a missing persons bank of the Ministry of Public Security, or a paternity test is done with the parents or children of the deceased, and fingerprints are compared.

There is also a means of overlapping the cranial image, but this is very troublesome to do, and it is not something that can be done in many places, so it is rarely used.

In the United States, there is also a dental comparison, but in China it is not possible, because the vast majority of Chinese have almost no dental records.

So basically, DNA is extracted into an unknown corpse bank.

The main thing is to look at the degree of decay.

Only the bones look at the teeth.

NHK: Inference of the time of death of the corpse bai....It was the forensic doctor who investigated the scene after the investigation.

First of all, the problem of zhi needs to be solved. Inference of early death time DAO. It mainly depends on the change in temperature of the corpse version.

changes in the phenomenon of corpse rights. Extrapolation of the time of late death. At present, it is mainly based on the knowledge of forensic entomology to infer it.

It's in the test. Take advantage of the growth and development of flies. Conduct a sound analysis.

The time of death should be presumed more accurately. Cells in cadaveric brain tissue can be utilized. For example, DNA....

rna...The amount of ATP. And brain temperature.

changes in vascular endothelial growth factor in brain tissue. Extrapolation of the time of death. Also helpful.

At last. Factors that will also be considered. It's the liver of a corpse.

in different environments. at different temperatures. The amount of organic amines produced in human liver tissue.

It will have a pattern with the change of the time of death. Utilize a liquid chromatograph. Dynamic detection of histamine in human liver tissue.

Putrescine. Cadaverine. Unspoiled amino acid content.

in human liver tissue. Organic amine production vs. time of death and ambient temperature. The temperature is within 8, 32 degrees.

will show a proportional relationship. It can be detected with the instrument's measurements. Extrapolate the exact time of death of the corpse.

This method. It also applies to corpse mutilation cases. or other cases where the body is incomplete.

Depending on the degree of stiffness of the corpse, the degree of stiffness varies for different periods of time

Differential equation model to establish the relationship curve of body temperature with time.

The so-called sudden death is actually neither a cause of death nor a way of death, it is just a concept that describes the relatively short time from the onset of illness to death, less than 24 hours, which is equivalent to saying that the person died more urgently. But the reason that often appears in forensic exams is that, according to statistics, about 10% of autopsies cannot give the cause of death, which is the same as the death of some patients, which exists objectively and does not depend on our will. The occurrence of negative autopsy is related to many reasons, such as the current scientific and technological limitations, and the limited or not careful enough forensic skills (some patient deaths are also related to doctors, right?).

But it is usually too irresponsible to say that it is difficult for the forensic doctor to find the cause of death without finding the cause of death, so if the death happens to be relatively urgent, it is called sudden death. For example, in the case of death caused by myocardial infarction, according to animal experiments, it is necessary to survive for at least 2 hours after the onset of the disease before there will be suspicious changes under the microscope, and 6 hours after survival to have obvious and more certain changes.

But at that time, if the myocardial infarction had been rapid, the person would have died. Of course, most myocardial infarctions are caused by coronary heart disease, and we can look for evidence of coronary heart disease as circumstantial evidence, but what if there is no circumstantial evidence for a special cause? There was no evidence from others who saw the onset of the disease, and the medical examiner could not find evidence in the corpse, so he wrote about sudden death.

Interestingly, most of the people who can't find the cause of death are sudden deaths, because, after a long time, most of them will go to the doctor or be observed something, and there are clues to follow.

It's easier for women. The man should check whether there is semen in the lower part and whether it is also in the urethra, but this cannot be determined, because it is possible that he is doing it himself.

Torture him to see if he says anything.

There are too many bases. Enough to write a book.

Like what. Degree of decay.

The degree to which the food in the stomach is digested and so on.