Ask for help from electroplating masters, our factory is to make automobile bearings, and now copper

What you say here is unprofessional, and there is too much nonsense. Your problem here is actually very easy to solve.

Electroplating ternary, foreign countries since the 30s began to develop successfully, 50 years of widespread use, 70 years of large quantities of use on bearings. In the 90s, in the late period, basically eliminated.

Domestic research and development is mainly since the 50s, the process is basically mature in the 70s, and some manufacturers have begun to supply in batches since the 90s. There is also a trend of obsolescence.

You've only just started plating ternary now, and it seems that your technical level is really poor. I think your products are mainly for the repair market.

The most common problems of ternary plating are: streaks, black spots, poor bonding, uneven color, coarse grains, etc. It needs to be analyzed one problem at a time. Including pH, concentration, current density, stirring rate, filtration, etc.

Since your problems have always existed, why not consider your process problems? Only when you talk about the process, others can help you.

Is the pre-treatment not in place, or there is a problem during the operation, you have to analyze such a situation, the situation you said is like this for everyone, you have to check step by step, and when you investigate, including the line and process, through detailed analysis, in the analysis of whether there is a problem with the solution, the cause of instability.

I don't want to clear the structure of your bearings, is part of the surface of copper and part of the surface of steel? If so, I think the pre-treatment is caused by the difference in the effect of these two surfaces.

Maybe it's too much organics. Reduce the brightener content and reduce the current density.

Hello, the bearings of the car engine are special for special cars, and it is impossible to increase them. You can refer to it!

As far as I know, if the bearing is an aluminum-based material, the surface is generally not coated;

If it is a copper-lead alloy and other surface treatment methods, there are double-layer electroplating (SN, CU), ternary electroplating (SN, PB, CU), quaternary electroplating (SN, PB, CU, IN), and PVD sputtering. Babbitt coatings are basically no longer used by manufacturers. The choice of surface treatment is mainly related to the pressure that the bearing is subjected to in the engine.

A coating, don't think about cost savings, is there any other reason? The contact point between the bearing and the pad, more is better, if you want to have more contact points, you need to scrape and grind, the contact point is more than 85%, the aluminum alloy is easy to reach the standard, easy to process, relatively speaking, the copper tile is difficult.

Maybe the cost consideration, diesel engine bearings have always been made of aluminum alloy, and it seems that copper alloy materials have never been seen.

You are talking about bearings, bearings are the parts of the sliding bearing and the journal in contact, the shape is a tile-like semi-cylindrical surface, very smooth, generally made of bronze, anti-friction alloy and other wear-resistant materials, in special cases, can be made of wood, engineering plastics or rubber. When the sliding bearing is working, a thin oil film is required between the bearing pad and the rotating shaft to lubricate. If there is direct friction between the bearing and the shaft due to poor lubrication, the friction will produce a very high temperature, and although the bearing is made of a special high-temperature resistant alloy material, the high temperature generated by the direct friction is still enough to burn it out.

Bearings can also burn due to factors such as excessive load, high temperature, impurities in the lubricating oil or abnormal viscosity. The plain bearings are damaged after the tiles are burned. Generally, it is not used at high speeds, except for oil-impregnated bearings used in some high-speed motors.

Copper tile bearing seat is a non-ferrous metal copper tile in Henan Dashan directly does not use the bearing can work directly on the bearing seat, the internal bearing is equivalent to the sliding bearing The material is generally aluminum bronze, and the bearing pad and bearing seat are fixed with positioning pins.

In order to facilitate the use of bearings that are not often replaced or are not easy to replace. Because the iron cannot be directly in contact with the shaft, the copper tile is easy to position with the iron, so the copper tile is used.

The copper pad bearing alloy must be cast on the bearing substrate in order to be used properly. Due to the different bearing materials used, the ability of F&F bearings is also different, and the strength of adhesion capacity is determined by bronze, mild steel, cast steel, and cast iron. For materials with poor capabilities.

Bearings are usually made of relatively soft materials. Mainly to protect the shaft (because the shaft rubs on the pad, the hardness is the same, and the problematic shaft will also be worn), and the bearing seat is supported by materials with higher stiffness of Henan Dashan non-ferrous metals because of the stiffness requirements

Copper tile bearing belongs to the sliding bearing, because it is made of materials with a lower sliding friction coefficient, the bearing and the shaft is surface contact, so the scope of application is large load, low speed parts, such as rolling mill and engine crankshaft, connecting rod, generally not used in high speed mechanism, the so-called copper bearing is commonly used for steel shaft is babbitt alloy (copper-tin alloy tile), now high tin aluminum-based alloy is mostly used as the material to reduce the friction coefficient of the bearing, Of course, there are also copper sleeves (integral copper bearings) made of sintered copper alloy materials, or sintered copper sleeves may be better used at higher speeds because they can store oil due to the porous structure.

Since the sliding bearing must maintain oil lubrication between the friction surfaces, pressure lubrication can be considered when high-speed operation is required, and the lubricating oil with higher pressure can be applied to the sliding friction surface, and even due to the presence of pressure oil, the shaft is suspended in the middle of the bearing, so that the speed is not afraid of a little higher.

The hot-dip galvanizing temperature is below 500 degrees Celsius, and we use 08 or 08F steel for shafts, and electrical pure iron is also OK, but the cost is too high (the lower the carbon content, the better the corrosion resistance of the steel in the zinc liquid).

Graphite material with high strength (generally graphite rod) is used for shaft sleeves and bearings.

The above is the material for hot-dip galvanizing of high-speed wire.

Manganese steel. Very hardness,