What are the main monitoring indicators that reflect the cold and heat properties of traditional Chi

四气 (sì qì) 1It refers to the heat, cold, and cold air of spring, summer, autumn and winter. 2.Han Confucianism attached to the corresponding saying of heaven and man, with joy, anger, joy and sorrow, and the four times are the four qi. [This paragraph] 2) Traditional Chinese medicine.

1. Meaning: Also known as the four sexes, it refers to the fact that the drug has the properties of cold, hot, warm and cold, and it is one of the important concepts that reflects the nature of the drug. 2. Basis for determination:

It is based on the drug reaction and the cold and heat of the disease syndrome. 1. Drugs that can alleviate or eliminate fever are generally cold or cold, such as gypsum and radix indigo. 2. Drugs that can alleviate or eliminate cold symptoms are generally hot or warm, such as aconite and dried ginger.

3. Efficacy: 1. Function: The four qi are only cold and hot in essence, and all cold and cold drugs mean that they have the effect of clearing heat, purging fire, cooling blood, and detoxifying pyretic, and where they have warm medicines, they have the effect of dissipating cold in warmth, replenishing fire and helping yang, warming meridians and channels, and returning to yang to save adversity.

2. Adverse reactions: The effect of the four qi on the human body has two sides, if it is not applied properly, the cold will hurt the yang and help the cold, and the warm will hurt the yin and help the fire. Fourth, the attributes of yin and yang: warmth belongs to yang, and cold belongs to yin.

There are degrees of differences in the same nature, temperature is second to heat, and cold is second to cold. 5. Guiding significance for clinical medication: learning to master the four qi is to guide the rational use of clinical drugs, specifically:

1. Select the corresponding drugs according to the cold and heat of the disease, and apply cold medicine for the treatment of fever and hot medicine for the treatment of cold disease. For example, the treatment of qi is divided into high fever, and the gypsum and mother of the cold are cast; Cure the death of the yang want to get rid of it, cast hot aconite, dried ginger. 2. Choose the corresponding drugs according to the difference in the degree of cold and heat of the disease, such as treating the death of yang and wanting to get rid of it, choosing hot aconite, treating cold and abdominal pain, and throwing warm simmered ginger.

3. If the cold and heat are mixed, the cold and heat will be used together, and as for which is more and which is less, it depends on the situation. 4. For those who are true cold and false heat or true heat and false cold, they should be treated with hot medicine or cold medicine respectively, and if necessary, add anti-adjuvants with opposite medicinal properties.

Technical properties of petroleum asphalt 1. Viscosity is the ability of asphalt to resist deformation or block plastic flow.

2. Plastic plasticity refers to the ability of asphalt to be deformed without destruction when it is subjected to external force, and when the external force is withdrawn, it can maintain the deformation obtained.

3. Temperature sensitivity.

Temperature sensitivity refers to the degree to which the viscosity and plasticity of asphalt change with temperature. Asphalt does not have a fixed melting point, when the temperature rises, the plasticity of asphalt increases, the viscosity decreases, and it gradually softens from solid or semi-solid to viscous liquid; When the temperature decreases, the viscosity of the asphalt increases, the plasticity decreases, and the viscous flow state changes to a solid state.

The asphalt softening point is an important indicator to reflect the temperature sensitivity of asphalt, which indicates the temperature of asphalt from the old state to the viscous flow state, the higher the temperature, the smaller the temperature sensitivity, and this state transition will occur when the ambient temperature is high.

4. Atmospheric stability.

Atmospheric stability refers to the ability of petroleum bitumen to maintain stable performance under the long-term combined action of temperature, sunlight, air and water.

1. Standard for petroleum asphalt.

Petroleum asphalt is divided into construction petroleum asphalt, road petroleum asphalt, waterproof and moisture-proof petroleum asphalt, and ordinary petroleum asphalt according to use. The grade of petroleum asphalt is mainly divided according to the penetration degree, ductility and softening point index, and is expressed by the penetration value. Construction petroleum asphalt is divided into two grades, No. 10 and No. 30, and road petroleum asphalt is divided into ten grades.

The larger the grade, the greater the corresponding penetration value, the smaller the viscosity, the greater the ductility, the lower the softening point, and the longer the service life.

2. Selection of petroleum asphalt.

Under normal circumstances, construction petroleum asphalt is mostly used in building roofing projects and underground waterproofing projects; Road petroleum asphalt is mostly used to mix asphalt mortar and asphalt concrete, which is used for pavement, flooring, underground waterproofing projects and making oil paper; The technical properties of waterproof and moisture-proof petroleum asphalt are similar to those of construction petroleum asphalt, but the quality is better, and it is suitable for building roofing and waterproof and moisture-proof projects.

When choosing the asphalt grade of the roofing asphalt waterproofing layer, the main considerations are its viscosity, temperature sensitivity and atmospheric stability. The main condition is that the softening point is more than 20 degrees higher than the local roof temperature over the years, and the roof slope is properly considered. For roofs with high temperature and large slope in summer, No. 10 or No. 30 petroleum asphalt is often used, or No. 10 and No. 30 or No. 60 are mixed with mixed asphalt to adjust performance.

However, it is generally not advisable to directly use No. 10 petroleum asphalt in severe cold areas to prevent cold brittle cracking in winter.

For underground moisture-proof and waterproof projects, the requirements for the softening point are generally not high, but it is required to have good plasticity and large bonding, so that the asphalt layer is firmly bonded with the building, and can adapt to the deformation of the building and keep the waterproof layer intact.

The basic indexes reflecting the mechanical properties of rock mainly include: compressive strength, tensile strength, elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, cohesion, internal friction angle, cohesion residual, etc.

Safety indicators: 1. Half of the effective dose: the dose of the drug that can cause a positive reaction in 50% of the experimental animals.

Silver Pei section 2, half lethal dose: indicates the minimum number of bacteria or toxins required to kill half of an animal of a certain weight or age within a specified time through a specified infection route 3, ** index: is the safety index of the drug.

Half poisoning dose (TD50), half effective dose (ED50) or half lethal dose (LD50) half effective dose (ED50) is usually referred to as the ** index. However, the ** index does not fully reflect the safety of Zhongpei drugs. 4. Adverse drug reactions:

It is an unrelated effect produced by the patient when using a certain drug, and this effect is generally unfavorable to the patient's **5. Safety range: it is the population"Exposure"An indicator of the size of the difference between the estimated value and the safety limit, expressed as moe = population exposure to the safety limit. The safety limit can be RFD, etc.

The MOS is large, and there is a high risk of harmful effects. 6. The three causes of drugs: refer to the carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic effects of drugs.

Drug effectiveness indicators: 1. Elimination half-life: the time required for the plasma drug concentration to drop by half. Its length reflects the rate of drug elimination in the body. 2. Biological half-life: the time it takes for the effect of Fengyu drug to drop by half.

The cold and heat of traditional Chinese medicine mainly correspond to the cold and heat properties of the disease, which is called heat for cold and cold for fever.

But it's just a more general concept, and it can't be measured by the kind of index data upstairs, just imagine, isn't 100 grams of slightly cold medicine as good as 1 gram of big cold medicine "cold"?

As for the degree of cold and heat, that is, the difference between "cold" and "cool" in lz, it mainly depends on the reference. The reference objects are different, and there is no absolute comparative meaning.

Let me illustrate with two examples:

1) "Warm" has "warm temperature" and "warm temperature", which is also marked with a warm word, but the warmth of cold medicine and dampness medicine is not as warm as that of warm medicine.

2) Perilla and ginger are also medicines that relieve the surface and dissipate cold, but perilla is "warm" and ginger is "lukewarm", people with a little common sense know that ginger will catch fire if you eat too much, but I have never heard of people who eat perilla and get on fire, that is to say, ginger is definitely warmer than perilla, but why is ginger "lukewarm"?

Because the reference object is different, perilla warm, because there is a Su terrier behind, Su stalk temperature is weaker than Su Ye, in order to highlight this, Su Ye marked warm, Su stalk marked slightly warm. In the same way, the ginger is slightly warm, because there is a dry ginger hot and cannon ginger warm in the front. Ginger is weaker in warmth than the first two.

If we put aside the reference materials and indications, it is meaningless and impossible to be accurate to measure the strength of the bias of all traditional Chinese medicines by just using the words cold, cold, warm and hot.

That's how I understand Chinese medicine:

For example: The standard is 19 30

Slightly chilly, means, or etc.; close to the lower limit; It's healthy, but it's not optimal, and it needs to be adjusted and recuperated. No medicine required! May have health implications.

Whereas cool refers to 8 or 9; There are many lower than the standard, and you need to take medicine**, otherwise you will be in danger of your life.

Generally, it is based on the content determination method used in the registration and approval of your drug, or the legal content detection method included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.

If the drug is still in the research and development stage and there is no detection method, liquid phase, ultraviolet, titration, gas phase, atomic absorption and other methods can be used for analysis, and the sample pretreatment methods are more diverse, usually including dissolution and dilution, extraction and concentration, distillation and collection, centrifugal precipitation, reaction substitution, etc. The specific methods to be used can be selected and determined according to the physical and chemical properties of the components of the drug.

From the point of view of the entire power grid system.

DU, the power quality indicators include ZHI voltage, frequency, and DAO waveform. The entire power grid system should be kept stable.

back, voltage and frequency.

The response rate must be stable so that the waveform can represent a standard sine wave without being distorted.

From the user's point of view, the power quality index is mainly used to measure the standards that produce a variety of power quality problems, mainly including harmonics, interharmonics, voltage deviation, frequency deviation, waveform distortion, three-phase voltage unbalance, voltage surge, dip, interruption and flicker, and low power factor.

1. Gross industrial output value: It is the total amount of industrial products produced or available by industrial enterprises in a certain period of time.

2. Capital: refers to the registered capital registered by the enterprise in the administrative department for industry and commerce.

4. Liabilities: The debts that can be measured in monetary terms and will be repaid with assets or services.

5. Movable assets: refers to assets that can be realized or consumed within a business cycle of one year or more than one year, including cash and various deposits, short-term investments, receivables and prepayments, inventories, etc.

6. Original Value of Fixed Assets refers to the total amount of money spent by an enterprise in the construction, purchase, installation, reconstruction, expansion and technological transformation of a fixed asset. It generally includes the purchase price, packaging fee, shipping and miscellaneous fees, and installation fees.

7. Net value of fixed assets: refers to the net amount of the original price of fixed assets minus depreciation in previous years. Total fixed assets.

It refers to the net loss of fixed assets, disposal of fixed assets, construction in progress and net loss of fixed assets to be disposed of.

of funds. 8. Working capital refers to the net amount of current assets minus current liabilities.

9. Product sales revenue refers to the sales revenue of products sold by enterprises and the provision of labor services.

Total amount of business. 10. Product Sales Cost refers to the actual cost of the main business of an enterprise, such as selling products and providing labor services.

11. Product Sales Tax and Surcharge refers to the urban maintenance and construction tax, consumption tax, resource tax and education surcharge that should be borne by enterprises for their main business operations such as the sale of products and the provision of industrial services.

12. Value-added tax payable refers to the amount of value-added tax paid by enterprises during the reporting period.

13. The comprehensive index of industrial economic benefits is a special relative number to measure the overall level of industrial economic benefits in terms of quantity, and is a comprehensive index reflecting the quality of industrial economic operation. Wait a minute.

1. Industry refers to the exploitation of natural resources, the processing and reprocessing of extractive products and agricultural products.

Processed material production sector. Specifically, it includes: (1) the right to exploit natural resources, such as mining, salt drying, forest harvesting, etc. (but excluding livestock hunting and aquatic fishing); (2) Processing and reprocessing of agricultural and sideline products, such as grain and oil processing, food processing, ginning, silk reeling, textile, tanning, etc.; (3) Processing and reprocessing of mining products, such as ironmaking, steelmaking, chemical production, petroleum processing, machine manufacturing, wood processing, etc., as well as the production and production of electricity, tap water and gas; (4) Repair and refurbishment of industrial products, such as the repair of machinery and equipment, the repair of transportation vehicles (including sleepers), etc.

1. Light industry refers to the industry that provides consumer goods for daily life and makes hand tools. According to the different raw materials used, it is divided into two categories:

This, you will have it if you look it up on the Internet, but you can't find it, so you can go to the Bureau of Statistics to take a look.

Soluble in organic solvents; Many oils and fats have some of the chemical properties of olefins and esters, and can undergo addition reactions and hydrolysis reactions Unsaturated composition is verified with bromine water; The hydrogenation of oils and fats is also called the hardening of oils, and this reaction cannot be carried out at room temperature, and often requires catalysts and is carried out under the conditions of heating and pressure.