What are the basic elements of lyric poetry, and what are the characteristics of lyric poetry?

The characteristics of the poem are: fixed number of sentences, strict rhyme, pay attention to level, and require confrontation.

Lyric poems usually have eight lines each, and if they exceed eight lines, they are called rows or long rhythms. It is customary to call the first couplet, the second couplet is the jaw couplet, the third couplet is the neck couplet, and the fourth couplet is the tail couplet. The upper sentence of each couplet is called the outgoing sentence, and the next sentence is called the couplet, and the two sentences constitute the couplet relationship; The relationship between the couplet of the preceding couplet and the outgoing sentence of the posterior couplet is called the adjacent sentence relationship.

The number of words in the sentences of the poems is uniform, and each sentence is either five words or seven words, which are called five-word poems and seven-word poems respectively.

The five laws stipulate five words per sentence, and the whole head has a total of four crosses; The Seven Laws stipulate that each sentence is seven characters, and the whole poem has a total of 56 characters. There are also six characters per sentence, and the whole poem is forty-eight words, which is called a six-character poem, and there are very few works handed down.

The rhyme is strict. Lyric poems usually rhyme flat, and must rhyme with the words in the rhyme book. In principle, only the original rhyme can be used, and the adjacent rhyme cannot be used; Even if it is a little looser, only the first sentence that rhymes can be used in adjacent rhymes, which is called "borrowing rhyme".

The poem also requires that the whole poem rhyme with one rhyme, that is, one rhyme to the end, and no rhyme can be changed in the middle. Clause.

Two, four, six, and eight sentences rhyme, and the first sentence can be rhymed or not. The five rules take the first sentence without rhyme as a positive example, and rhyme as a variation; The first sentence of the seven laws rhymes as a positive example, and does not rhyme as a variation.

The three basic elements of metrical poetry are rhyme, level, and battle.

Rhythmic poetry is a general term for quatrains and rhythmic poems, and rhythmic poems include five-character quatrains, seven-character quatrains, five-character quatrains, and seven-character rhythmic poems.

and five-word and seven-word arrangement. When writing metrical poems, you must grasp the above three basic elements.

Poetry rhyme: It is the rhyme of the poem, and the rhythmic poem generally only uses flat rhyme. In the third lecture, Yue Mu said that there are eight taboos in writing rhythmic poems, among which the three taboos are to change the rhyme and the eight taboos are used indiscriminately in the old and new rhymes, which refers to the rhyme of poetry. To put it simply, it is the quatrain.

2. The last word of the fourth sentence rhymes flat and the rhyme foot is in the same rhyme part, the first poem.

II. Fourth, the first.

6. The last word of the eighth sentence rhymes with flat rhyme and rhymes in the same rhyme part. Whether it is a quatrain or a rhyme poem, the last word of the first sentence can rhyme or not.

Pingqian (both sticky and right): The so-called Pingqian relationship, Yuemu has also talked about it before, that is, in addition to the last word rhyme, the second sentence should be the opposite of the first sentence Pingqian is hidden, this is right, the third sentence should be the same as the second sentence, this is sticky. Similarly, the fourth is the right with the third sentence of Chang Hall, and the fifth is sticky with the fourth sentence.

And so on. Battle: The so-called battle mainly refers to the poem, and the quatrain does not matter the battle.

When we talk about the rhythm of poetry, we are mainly talking about the plainness.

The characteristics of the poem are: 1. The number of sentences is fixed; 2. Strict rhyme; 3. Pay attention to fairness; 4. Ask for a battle.

1. Fixed number of sentences: The requirements for the number of sentences and words are stricter, generally a poem has eight sentences, each sentence is five or seven words, the five words are called five-word poems, and the seven-character poems are called seven-word poems.

Among these eight sentences, two sentences are one couplet, with a total of four couplets, namely the first couplet, the jaw couplet, the neck couplet, and the tail couplet. If a poem has more than eight lines, it is called a rhythm or a long rhythm.

2. Strict rhyme: The rhyme of the poem is strict, generally rhymes flat, and rhymes to the end, and the rhyme is not allowed in the middle. The rhyme of a rhyme has a fixed position, usually an even number of rhymes. It is precisely because of these regular rhymes that the lyric poems are catchy and easy to recite.

3. Pay attention to the level: The level in the poem has a specific format, and pays attention to the stickiness and pairing.

4. Require the battle: The poem requires the poem to be neat and neat, and the grammar is the same.

3 or 4 sentences; Clause.

The fifth and sixth verses must be opposed, and if these two couplets are not opposed, or if they are not right, they cannot be called rhythmic poems.

1. Confrontation and peace.

The battle is in the Book of Songs, but the battle at that time and many word cards.

The battle is the same, and the balance is not relative. In the Qi Liang period of the Southern Dynasty, after the Yongming style poets began to study the four-tone Pingxuan, the battle of the Pingxuan was more common.

2. Four sentence patterns.

Yu letter from above.

It can be seen from the "Six Songs of Yonghuai" that there are four basic sentence patterns in metrical poems:

Peaceful; Ping Ping; mediocre; It's mediocre.

These four sentence patterns, each of which is the first sentence, can be composed of four kinds of rhythmic poems according to the requirements of battle and adhesion. The four sentences are called near-body quatrains, the eight sentences are five or seven rules, and the more than eight sentences are called the row rules. Depending on the number of words in each sentence, there are five words and seven words.

3. Rhyme. Metrical poems require one rhyme to the end, if the first sentence rhymes, it is a five-rhyme poem, the first rhyme foot can use adjacent rhyme, and the other four rhyme feet must have the same rhyme part.

It should be noted that what we mean by a rhyme is the flat water rhyme of the Song Dynasty.

However, in the Tang Dynasty, the words of the same rhyme in the Pingshui rhyme may belong to two rhymes, but in the Tang Dynasty, they can be rhymed. For example, the thirteen yuan of Pingshui rhyme, in Tang rhyme.

It is divided into three rhymes: yuan, trace, and soul.

Fourth, adhesion. The second word of two, four, six and the second word of three, five, seven must be the same, that is, adhesion.

The four basic elements of rhyme: antithesis, parity, rhyme, and adhesion. Lyric poetry is a genre of Han poetry popular in the Tang Dynasty, which belongs to a kind of near-style poetry, and is named because of the very strict requirements of the rhythm. The common types are the Five Laws and the Seven Laws, which generally have a few words to say a few words.

Lyric poetry originated from the new style poems of Shen Yue and other new styles of poetry that paid attention to sound rhythm and confrontation during the Qi Yongming period of the Southern Dynasty, and further developed and stereotyped in the early Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty, and prevailed in the Tang and Song dynasties. Lyric poetry has strict rules in terms of words, rhymes, evenness, and antiphons.

Rhythmic poetry is one of the basic forms of near-style poetry, which sprouted in the Southern Dynasty Qi Yongming and other new style poems that paid attention to sound rhythm and duality, and was stereotyped in the early Tang Dynasty and matured in the middle and late Tang Dynasty.