Physicians and pharmacists know what the 10 key points for antimicrobial use are

Physicians and pharmacists know what the 10 key points for antimicrobial use areThe selection of antimicrobial agents should first clarify the clinical indications of the patient, identify the pathogen causing the infection, and select antimicrobial drugs with high efficacy and low toxicity**. The selection of antimicrobial agents should first clarify the clinical indications of the patient, identify the pathogen causing the infection, and select antimicrobial drugs with high efficacy and low toxicity**.

**Principle of sexual application: keep qualified specimens in time, and guide medication according to the results of bacterial drug sensitivity.

The Guiding Principles emphasize "timely collection of qualified specimens (especially specimens from sterile sites such as blood)"; Professor Yang Fan emphasized that we should advocate the sending of blood and other sterile specimens, at present, this aspect of the country is not enough, quite a lot of doctors the first instinct is antibacterial** rather than first leaving the specimen and then antibacterial**. Although it is only the order of the doctor's order, it reflects that everyone's awareness of guiding medication according to the drug sensitivity results is not strong. When the antimicrobial** is ineffective, I don't think about keeping the specimen, and I have missed the best time to collect it.

Experience with antimicrobials**: Detailing how to experience** does not mean that experience is admired**; Before the bacterial culture and drug susceptibility results are obtained, the possible pathogens are speculated according to the patient's infection site, underlying diseases, morbidity, past drug history and local bacterial resistance monitoring data, etc., and the drug regimen is adjusted in combination with the previous ** reaction after the etiological monitoring and drug susceptibility results are obtained.

The antimicrobial drugs that residents can prescribe mainly include first-generation cephalosporins, second-generation cephalosporins, third-generation cephalosporins, carbapenems, aminoglycosides, lincomycins, sulfonamides, sulfamidoylureas, ampicillin, minocyclines, quinolones, sugars or key-peptides, streptomycins, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicols, tryptase inhibitors, penicillins, polymyxins, glycosides, loratadines, and cyanins. These antimicrobial drugs can be used for bacterial infections such as bacterial pneumonia, sepsis, urinary tract infections, soft tissue infections, hepatitis, and more.

1. Use antibacterial pickpocketing drugs to see if there are clinical indications.

2. The use of antimicrobial drugs should comply with the principle of hierarchical management.

3. The combination of antimicrobial drugs must have indications.

4. Surgical prophylaxis: Master the medication 30 minutes before surgery, and no more than 24 hours after surgery.

In order to achieve the best efficacy, minimize adverse reactions, and reduce or delay the emergence of drug resistance, the following principles should be followed for the rational use of antimicrobial drugs:

1) Strictly grasp the indications.

2) Master the pharmacokinetic characteristics and formulate a reasonable dosing regimen.

3) Avoid the development of drug resistance.

4) Prevent adverse reactions of drugs.

5) Combined application of antimicrobial drugs:

It is necessary to clarify the purpose of antimicrobial drug combinationThe purpose of combination drug use is mainly to expand the antimicrobial spectrum, enhance the efficacy, reduce the dosage, reduce or avoid toxicity, and reduce or delay the emergence of drug-resistant strains. Combination drugs must have a clear indication for severe infections or co-infections that are difficult to control with a single drug; **For unspecified and serious life-threatening infections, the combination of drugs should be carried out first, and then the medication should be adjusted after the diagnosis is confirmed; Bacterial infections that are prone to drug resistance with single or long-term drug use; Infection in areas where the drug does not penetrate easily; For chronic diseases that require long-term**, a combination of drugs can be considered to prevent the emergence of drug-resistant strains.

Acting on the cell wall, affecting the synthesis of the cell wall, causing the cell to lose the protection of the cell wall and die, such as lactam antibacterial drugs, penicillin, cephalosporin, etc., as well as vancomycin, polymyxin, amphotericin, etc.;

It acts on the transcription process of bacterial DNA, resulting in inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis, such as tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, macrolides, etc.

It acts on the bacterial DNA synthesis process, such as quinolones, and combines with DNA polymerase to act on the bacterial folic acid metabolism pathway, affecting the synthesis of nucleic acids, such as sulfonamides.