What contribution did the use of the compass make to the nautical industry

Soon after China used the compass for navigation, it was adopted by the Arabian Sea ships, and the Arabs transmitted this great invention to Europe. Engels pointed out in "Dialectics of Nature" that"The magnetic needle came from the Arabs to the Europeans around 1180"。1180 is the seventh year of the Chunxi reign of Xiaozong of the Southern Song Dynasty in China.

The Chinese first applied the compass to navigation at least 80 years before the Europeans.

Shen Kuo, a famous scientist in the Northern Song Dynasty (author of "Mengxi Bi Tan"), discovered the existence of magnetic declination in the scientific practice of making and applying a compass. He brilliantly pointed out that this was because the magnetic poles of the earth were not exactly at the north and south poles. The compass and the theory of magnetic declination played a huge role in ocean navigation, enabling people to gain the ability to sail around the clock, and for the first time mankind got the freedom to sail in the vast sea.

Since then, many new routes have been opened, the voyage has been shortened, the development of shipping has been accelerated, and cultural exchanges and exchanges between the people of various countries have been promoted. It is impossible to overstate the importance of the guide to the nautical profession. Joseph Needham said

Your ancestors were far more advanced in navigation than our ancestors. Perhaps this is why China knew how to use the front and rear sail system to ride the wind long before Europe, and it is probably for this reason that no slave ship with multiple oars has ever been used in the history of Chinese navigation. "

Guide the way, so that you will not get lost in the sea and find no way back.

Compass. It was first used for navigation in the Northern Song Dynasty.

Period. Zhu Yu was a geographer in the Northern Song Dynasty, and he wrote "Pingzhou Can Be Discussed".

There is a record of the compass used for navigation, and the original sentence is "The boat master knows geography, the night is to observe the stars, the day is to observe the sun, and the obscure is to observe the compass." This shows that there were boatmen on the navigators of the Northern Song Dynasty who were specially used to grasp the direction of navigation, and they would use a compass to judge the direction when it was cloudy.

The compass is one of the four great inventions of ancient China, often used in navigation, travel, military, geodesy, etc., and in ancient times, the compass was first used in rituals, sacrifices, divination, etc., with various uses. After the compass was introduced to Europe, it played an irreplaceable role in European navigation activities and geographical discoveries, and its value was relatively high.

Northern Song Dynasty side-void period. The predecessor of the needle in the guide was Sinan, which was made during the Warring States period and was used to indicate the direction. Later, people used magnetic needle compasses to make compasses.

In the Northern Song Dynasty, the compass was used in navigation. During the Pei Ran Song Dynasty, the compass was transmitted to Europe by the Arabs, providing important conditions for European navigators to discover the Americas and realize their voyages around the world.

Northern Song Dynasty The Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127) was a dynasty in Chinese history.

In the "Pingzhou Ketan" written by Zhu He of the Northern Song Dynasty in 1119, there is a clear record of the use of the compass for navigation. It describes the events of 1099-1102 and says: "The boat master knows geography, the night person watches the stars, and the day person watches the sun."

Obscure view of the compass. It means that at that time, in order to identify the direction, the people on the sea ships looked at the stars at night, the sun during the day, and the compass when it was cloudy and rainy. It can be seen that the compass was used for navigation in China at the end of the 11th century at the latest.

Arabs and Europeans, on the other hand, came into contact with the Chinese through navigation 100 years later, and only learned to use it for navigation. It was introduced to Arabia by sea in the late 12th and early 13th centuries and then to Europe. The application of the compass in direction determination plays an important role in military practice and economic life, especially for the development of navigation.

It provided the conditions for Zheng He's voyage to East Africa and other places, Columbus's discovery of the New World, and Magellan's voyage around the world, which promoted the geographical discoveries and early colonial expansion of Europe.

The compass was first used for navigation in the Northern Song Dynasty, when people placed the compass on ships to identify the direction of navigation. The compass is called Sinan in ancient China, it is often used in navigation, geodesy, travel and military aspects, is one of the four great inventions in ancient China, and its invention has a huge role in promoting the development of human science and technology and civilization.

Compass food is one of the great four great inventions of ancient China, its predecessor is Sinan, after the Tang Dynasty completed the transformation of Sinan to the compass, people in the Northern Song Dynasty enjoyed these technical achievements and carried them forward, people placed the compass on the ship for navigation identification direction, which is also the earliest compass used for navigation.

The compass's journey went through three stages, Sinan was the earliest magnetic phasor, which began in the Warring States period and ended in the Tang Dynasty. The Magnetic Trace Spoon is a spoon-shaped pointer made of natural magnet, and although no physical object has been found so far, there are at least two artifacts related to it. The invention of the compass was a long process that took different forms in different periods.

The significance of the invention of the compass

The invention of the compass has a very great role in promoting the application of navigation at sea, the great geographical discoveries and the sea **. The invention of the compass originated from the ancients' research on the problem of orientation, and the compass is known as one of the four great inventions of ancient China.

End of the eleventh century.

Maritime traffic in our country has been started very early. 2,200 years ago, in order to find the elixir, Qin Shi Huang sent people to sail on a large scale on a large ship.

After the Qin and Han dynasties, due to the development of social productive forces, China's navigation industry gradually developed. During the Jin Dynasty, there was a famous monk Fa Xian, who once traveled to India by sea and wrote a book of "Buddha's Country Records".According to the records of the Buddha's Kingdom, at that time, a sea boat could carry about 200 people.

In the Tang Dynasty, some sea ships were as long as 20 zhang and could carry six or seven hundred people, which shows the large scale. At that time, the scope of activity of Chinese sea vessels, from Guangzhou in the east to the Persian Gulf in the west, was an important force in maritime transportation between the countries of the South Seas. According to the records of some foreigners, most of the large ships anchored at the ports of the Persian Gulf at that time were Chinese ships.

Before the invention of the compass, navigating the sea was very difficult. In the vast white sea, the sky is connected with water, and the water is connected with the sky, and it is difficult to find any target. During the day, people can also see the sun haunting the crowd to discern the direction of sailing; At night, you can also see the North Star.

However, when it rains on a cloudy day and the sun and the North Star are not visible, serious difficulties occur. If you go in the wrong direction, you will run into danger.

This problem was not solved until after the invention of the compass.

According to ancient records, at the latest in the Northern Song Dynasty, China has already applied the compass on sea ships.

In the Northern Song Dynasty, there was a Zhu or, in the Song Dynasty collapse wheel Dan Hui Zong Xuanhe years (AD 1119-125), wrote a "Pingzhou can talk", the book said that at that time, in order to identify the geographical direction, the people on the sea boat looked at the stars at night, the sun during the day, and the compass on cloudy days and rain.

In the fifth year of Emperor Xuanhe of Song Huizong (1123 AD), there was also Xu Jing, who went to Goryeo and wrote a book of "Xuanhe Feng Envoy Goryeo Tujing" after returning to China, which also has such a record: After the boat sailed through Pengcai Mountain, the water was deep and blue, like glass, and the waves were ...... biggerOn this night, the boat could not be stopped in the ocean, and the sailors watched the stars move forward. If the sky is cloudy, then you can only use a compass to identify the north and south.

When he arrived in the Song Dynasty of Nantong, according to the record of Wu Zimu's "Menglianglu", the seafarers at that time had already sailed with a "needle plate". This shows that the compass and compass were already combined at that time.

This kind of compass is made of wood and copper, and the surrounding of the disc is engraved with directions such as southeast, west, and northwest. As long as people align the direction of the compass with the direction of due south engraved on the disk, they can easily identify the direction of sailing.