What are living organisms made of atoms and what?

Everything in the world is made up of atoms, so what are atoms made of?

The molecules that make up life are water, inorganic salts, sugars, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Water: Mainly as a good solvent to ensure that water participates in various biochemical reactions At the same time, water in the body of organisms can also transport nutrients and metabolic wastes to various cells or excreted due to water molecules.

It has strong polarity and can dissociate many substances into ions, which is conducive to the chemical reaction in the body and the specific heat of water.

Large, evaporative heat and fluidity, so water plays a great role in maintaining the stability of the temperature of the organism Lubrication For plants, water can maintain the inherent posture of the plant and plays an important role in regulating the life activities of the organism.

Inorganic salts: are important components that make up protoplasm or make up certain structures of living organisms Participate in and regulate the metabolic activities of living organisms to maintain homeostasis in living organisms, including osmotic pressure.

Equilibrium, acidity equilibrium, and ionic equilibrium.

Carbohydrates: are the main energy and carbon source substances of living organisms It is related to the structure of living organisms It is the nutrient for storage It is the basis of cell communication and recognition It has a lubricating and protective effect.

Lipids: fats, substances that store energy in the body, reduce body heat loss, maintain a constant body temperature, reduce friction between internal organs and buffer external pressure Lipids, phospholipids.

It is an important component that makes up the cell membrane as well as the membrane structure of various organelles and sterols play an important regulatory role in maintaining the normal metabolism and reproductive processes of organisms.

Protein: It is an important component of the body's tissues, the content of protein in the human body accounts for 16-19% of body weight, and about 3% of protein is involved in the body's metabolism every day. 2.

It constitutes a variety of substances with important physiological roles in the body, such as: enzymes and hormones that have catalytic and regulatory effects in the metabolic process, and hemoglobin that transports oxygen.

and antibodies for immune action, etc.

Nucleic acids: the genetic material of all living things.

There are 6 basic elements that make up a living body: C, H, O, N, S, and P.

Among the large number of elements that make up living organisms, C is the most basic element, and six elements C, H, O, N, P, and S are the main elements that make up protoplasm, accounting for about 95% of the total protoplasm. Most of the organic compounds of living organisms are made up of the above six elements.

For example, proteins are made up of elements such as C, H, O, N, etc., and nucleic acids are made up of elements such as C, H, O, N, P, etc. The chemical elements of living organisms will further form a variety of compounds, which are the material basis of the life activities of living organisms. For example, proteins, nucleic acids, sugars, fats, etc.

The bulk elements are C, H, O, N, P, K, S, CA, MG. Iron, zinc, copper, manganese, chromium, selenium, molybdenum, cobalt and other elements that account for the following total human body weight are trace elements.

The basic elements of life are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen.

The basic elements that make up a living body should be cells.

Made up of cells! Because the cell is the most basic unit of life.

Organic life forms generally believe that life is born in inorganic, at first through the principle of similarity and integration for self-replication, in the long-term self-replication, a variety of mutations, the survival of the consciousness is retained, and finally evolves into a variety of tissues, organs, life self-evolving individuals, populations.

For individuals, we have a variety of active proteins that enable us to evolve autonomously, think, reproduce, and behave socially. Then, you also said that objectively there is no point in our life, but for each individual, the value of self-survival is immeasurable, so we must treat ourselves positively as an organic lifeform, after all, you are not a stone.

Presence of signs of vital activity, consciousness of autonomous activity, or presence of clusters of cells of the autonomic nervous system.

Because the cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms. All living things, with the exception of viruses, are known to be made up of cells.

Aside from viruses, the smallest functional unit of an organism is the cell. If it is a smaller structure, such as phospholipids, proteins, nucleic acids, etc., which exist alone, they can only exist as a substance, and they cannot exhibit life phenomena.

Therefore, the basic unit of life is the cell.

Cells are the smallest living organisms, and we generally start with cells when studying living organisms. Whereas atoms are physics, chemistry, etc., which go deeper into matter itself. In fact, there are quarks in the atom, and maybe even smaller ones.

Learn to understand, because only by understanding others will you be understood. Learn to be patient, because things have become a reality and you can't change them. Learn to be tolerant, because no one is perfect in life.

Learn to be silent because silence is golden. Learn to say no, because don't force what you can't do, do what you can't do, and do what you can. Learn to observe, because there are no wonders in the world.

If a life form or cell is composed of 100 atoms, then no matter what kind of life activities it wants to carry out, it must be prepared to have about 10 atoms that do not move in unison with the large army, and the 10 atoms do not obey the command, which means that the life form always has a 10% error rate, and life activities have extremely high requirements for "order", and such a large error rate is fatal.

The most basic molecules of life have carbon atoms, hydrogen atoms, and oxygen atoms.

1. The Earth is an oxide planet, and nearly half of the elements in the earth's crust are oxygen. Oxygen is the end point of most nuclear reactions, and oxygen is second only to hydrogen and helium, which are clearly the top two most abundant in the universe. As I said before, in order for all matter to exist, it must first pass the threshold of water and oxygen.

And to form life, the abundance of this element must not be too low.

2. For example, life is not made of boron as a skeleton, although boron is far more diverse than carbon and should have greater biodiversity. But the greatest tragedy of boron is that it is not the product of any fusion reaction, not even the intermediate nectar. It is too scarce, both in the universe and on Earth.

3. It can be seen that the triangular relationship between carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, whether it is the abundance of elements or the three-phase cycle, is a perfect combination from any point of view and cannot be replaced by any other combination. In fact, the magic of life lies in the fact that it is not picky, it can almost be said to make the best use of things, as long as there is a certain abundance of elements on the earth, it can play a certain role in a certain life process, such as nitrogen amino acids, phosphorus phospholipid bonds, magnesium chlorophyll, sodium and potassium electrolytes and neurons, as well as calcium, silicon, iron, sulfur, etc., all have an indispensable role.

Carbon atoms are present in the most basic molecules of life. Polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids, etc. are all biological macromolecules, which are connected by many basic constituent units, which are called monomers, and these rolling biological macromolecules are also called multimers. For example:

The monomers that make up polysaccharides are monosaccharides, the monomers that make up proteins are amino acids, and the monomers that make up the protein are nucleotides. Each monomer is based on a carbon chain composed of several connected carbon atoms, which is connected by many monomers to form a multimer.

Naturally occurring carbon is made up of three isotopes: 12C and 13C are stable isotopes, while 14C is radioactive. With a half-life of about 5,730 years, it is one of the few elements found since ancient times and is the most basic element that makes up carbon-based organisms.

Carbon has 15 known isotopes, the shortest of which is that it undergoes proton emission and decay with a half-life of seconds. Isotopes have a nuclear halo effect, i.e., their radius is much higher than the nucleus of a normal sphere with uniform density.

It is precisely because of the important role of carbon Luxiang atoms in the composition of biological macromolecules that scientists say that "carbon is the core element of life" and "without carbon, there is no life".