Humans only have three kinds of opsins: red, blue, and green, why do mantis shrimps have twelve spec

The vision of the praying mantis shrimp is such a "mysterious vision".

Mantis shrimp are widely distributed in a variety of water bodies and are very successful crustaceans. There are more than 400 different species of mantis shrimp known, some only a few inches long and others over a foot.

Mantis shrimp are also very brutal little creatures. They kill and eat prey larger than them with barbs and hammer knots. Although mantis shrimp are common, they are difficult to study because they are good at hiding and have a ferocious temperament.

Even small mantis shrimp can penetrate the glass walls of a normal tank – which is not good news for scientists' budgets, and of course it will do more harm to the mantis shrimp themselves.

While there is still a lot of unknown things about mantis shrimp, we already know that they have a very amazing visual system.

Normal human vision is trichromatic – we have three color receptors that process different frequency bands of visible light. They are often referred to as red, green, and blue receptors.

However, in fact, each receptor can cover one band, and the three ranges overlap. In this way, as long as the three receptors are properly combined, we can get any perceptible color. Color printers are also based on this principle, and are usually equipped with three colors of ink cartridges in addition to black ink cartridges; The computer display also uses three light-emitting elements, and the thousands of purples and reds that the computer shows you are actually just a combination of three colors with different intensities.

Your eyes can distinguish millions of different colors in a three-dimensional color space.

Although humans only have three opsins, the human brain can distinguish the world from thousands of purples and reds just by using them, and is fully capable of survival. Although the 12 opsins of the mantis shrimp sound lofty, they are actually far less visible, clear, and understood than humans, because of the lack of high-computing brains and lack of resolution. Their complex eye structure processes vision on its own, so it doesn't overburden their extremely simple brains, which reduces the need for more complex brains.

On the other hand, humans have their own ecological niche and do not need the vision of praying mantis, owls, and eagles, and their vision is not necessarily competent for human survival.

Moreover, from the perspective of natural rules, the direction of human evolution is the right path and the royal way, and intelligence is always a T0-level attribute, which is the path to godhood.

But considering the degree of evolution of the mantis shrimp, the intelligence route is destined to be out of contact with them, so it is better to develop an advanced visual system that does not rely on the brain, which is conducive to hunting.

Dragonflies have given humans the best of the best, ants have taught humans the "ant colony algorithm", and flies have given humans the ...... of vibrating gyroscopes and fly-eye cameras

The inspiration for scientific and technological innovation of future human beings can be easily found in other living beings.

Mantis shrimp has twelve opsins for better survival.

Because people don't need to have that much opsin, while mantis shrimp does.

The ability of visual senses is different, and this cell of the mantis shrimp can be more sensitive.

Because of the difference in physiological structure, the structure of the retina is different.

People can have these three compositions and various colors, but [shrimp] cannot.

This ensures survival in complex environments.

Cockroach shrimp have a very amazing visual system.

It may be that the retina is different, the retina is a wall of cells, and when viewed under a magnifying glass, it seems to be covered with a carpet of coarse hair, some of which are "coarse hairs" that are cones, which contain light-sensitive optic proteins, and the rest are rods, so that we can see in dim light.

The unique vision of the mantis shrimp.

The marine crustacean of the praying mantis shrimp has an extraordinary eyesight and has the most complex visual system known to anyone today. It is capable of resolving 12 colors and multiple forms of polarized light. In contrast, humans can only distinguish 3 of them.

The colors that the human eye sees are the colors that are made up of the three primary colors.

The so-called primary color, also known as the primary color, or the primary color, is the basic color used to mix other colors. Primary colors have the highest color purity, the purest and most vivid. Most colors can be blended, while other colors cannot be blended into primary colors.

Researchers have found that mantis shrimp can see 12 "primary colors", which is four times the ability of humans to recognize primary colors.

So humans will have worse eyes than mantis shrimps.

Hope it helps.

Color is not a human invention, but a human discovery, color is a wave refracted by light, and humans are able to see colors mainly because human eyes have color receptors. If humans didn't exist, the universe would still have light and wavelengths, and still have refracted colors.

We see different colors because different wavelengths of color light enter our eyes, and then we stipulate that certain wavelength ranges of light are certain color light, light is objectively existent, not subject to human thoughts, so the concept of "color" is invented by human beings, but color should be "discovered" by human beings, not "invented". Human beings don't exist, but they don't have the concept of "color", but color still exists in the universe.

There is no color, and if humans do not exist, then there will be no living creature in the entire universe that can see color, and of course there will be no such thing as color.

The praying mantis shrimp is a marine crustacean with a violent temperament, but it is not actually a shrimp animal, but a mollusc stomatopod. Like insects and crustaceans, mantis shrimp are compound eye structures that have a very different structure from vertebrate eyes. One idea is that every pigment in a mantis shrimp's eye responds to a color, just as the hair cells in a human cochlea respond to an audio.

There is no doubt that mantis shrimp can see color, its color vision range can cover all the spectrum that humans can see, and can also see ultraviolet and infrared rays that we humans can't see, and some mantis shrimp can even have 16 kinds of color resolution. The mantis shrimp's unique eye structure allows them to see polarized light, which is also visible to many animals, such as certain spiders, insects and migratory birds, and even uses polarized light to navigate. However, mantis shrimp can not only recognize linearly polarized light, but also circularly polarized light (this light wave propagates in a spiral, either to the left or to the right).

This unique visual ability of the mantis shrimp is attributed to the large number of small eyes in its compound eyes with 6 rows. Based on the way photosensory cells are arranged in some small eyes, Justin Marshall, a photosensitive neurobiologist at the University of Queensland in Australia, believes that the unique visual structure of the mantis shrimp allows them to see circularly polarized light. So Marshall and his colleagues tested the mantis shrimp to find out if the crustacean could distinguish between different types of light.

As a result, they found that 3 out of 4 species of mantis shrimp were able to correctly identify left-handed circularly polarized light, while 2 of the other 3 species of mantis shrimp were able to resolve right-handed circularly polarized light. Marshall believes that the circularly polarized light vision of the mantis shrimp may play a very important role in the mate search process. Because of the high amount of sugar in the carapace of the mantis shrimp, some of their carapace reflects circularly polarized light, making it look like a glittering jewel.

Mantis shrimp use circularly polarized light to communicate with potential mates when they are less likely to be spotted by predators, as other animals may not be able to see this particular light.

The animal that has the "least species of cones" is not the mantis shrimp.

1. Cone cell, a kind of color vision and strong light receptor cell on the retina. Cone cells are densely distributed in the fovea and relatively few in the peripheral areas of the retina. **The cones in the foess have a "single-line connection" with bipolar cells and ganglion cells, which makes the cones have a high sensitivity to light.

The cones are responsible for daytime light perception, have color vision, and have poor light sensitivity, but high visual acuity. An important feature of the function of the cone cell is its ability to distinguish colors.

2. An important feature of the function of the cone cell is its ability to distinguish colors. Color vision is a complex physical-psychological phenomenon in which different colors are different, mainly due to the subjective impressions caused by different wavelengths of light acting on the retina. The human eye can generally distinguish seven colors on the spectrum, such as red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue, and violet, and each color corresponds to a certain wavelength of light; However, careful examination can find that the human eye alone can distinguish no less than 150 colors in the spectrum, indicating that as long as the wavelength length increases or decreases by 3-5nm in the visible spectrum, it can be distinguished by the visual system into different colors.

3. The eyes of shrimp crickets are the most peculiar. Each eye is made up of tens of thousands of hexagons, and its vision is very good, and it is able to recognize many colors and different wavelengths of light that are invisible to humans. Vision SystemThe vision system of the shrimp cricket is able to filter sunlight.

Studies have found that shrimp crickets make full use of various strange phenomena of their visual system. They absorb special amino acids to filter the ultraviolet rays from their epidermis, which in turn are used by their eyes.

4. Shrimp crickets have cells that filter light, and their light sensors are used to receive ultraviolet light, and researchers are trying to find these special optic pigments. Researchers have found that when the eyes of shrimp crickets absorb ultraviolet light, they emit very faint fluorescence, which is visible to humans. The filter is made up of a bacteriocytoid amino acid called MaaS, which is common on the epidermis of marine organisms and is commonly used to absorb ultraviolet rays, but shrimp crickets use it to absorb specific ultraviolet light waves in their eyes.

Different filters are responsible for different types of light, and specific wavelengths of light are zoned in the eyes of shrimp crickets.