What is the recent situation in the international petroleum engineering market?

Today's international market ****: $ per barrel, than yesterday **; U.S. private sector employment fell by 10,000 in April, down from economists' previous expectations of 650,000 and the smallest decline since October. Market investors believe that there are signs of improvement in the job market, that the worst of the U.S. economy may be behind us, and that energy consumption is expected to pick up.

Affected by this, New York** and commodities ** rose across the board. In addition, the inventory report released by the US Department of Energy on the same day showed that the unexpected decline in US gasoline inventories last week also provided impetus to oil prices**. As of May 1, U.S. gasoline inventories fell by 200,000 barrels to 100 million barrels.

Commercial inventories rose 600,000 barrels to 100 million barrels, the highest inventory record in 19 years, but the increase was lower than the 2.2 million barrels expected by the market. The New York Mercantile Exchange's light ******** dollar for June delivery closed at a barrel of dollars, a gain. London North Sea Brent ******** dollars and closed at dollars per barrel.

Official U.S. data showed that reserves rose by 4 million barrels in one week in April alone. In addition, in Rotterdam, Europe's largest port city, there is close to zero spare space for oil storage; Tankers in the southern ports of the United Kingdom are also chartered as oil storage depots. However, pessimists believe that the increase in oil hoarding shows that demand is still shrinking significantly faster than supply.

It is unlikely that demand will rebound quickly this year, and even if it picks up next year, the growth rate will be extremely modest. Saudi Arabia, the world's largest oil exporter, plans to further reduce its oil drilling operations by cutting 15 oil rigs by the end of this year due to declining global oil demand. Goldman Sachs, however, is much more optimistic.

In a report last week, Goldman Sachs predicted that the existing global reserves would be exhausted in June. In July, international oil prices will fall by 10% from current levels, that is, to $45.

The decline will objectively promote the development of the oil refining industry! Therefore, a trend in the international petroleum engineering market is that oil-producing countries will focus more on the petrochemical industry, therefore, the future of oil will definitely rise sharply, only in a relatively period of time, due to the impact of the financial crisis, oil ** will maintain a period of relative stability, about 50-80 US dollars.

At present, the world's oil consumption is about 4 billion tons, mainly concentrated in North America, Asia-Pacific and Europe, and the six countries with more oil consumption are the United States, Japan, China, Germany, Russia, and South Korea, which account for half of the global total, and each country's oil consumption exceeds 100 million tons, accounting for more than 4%.

At present, the world's oil volume has reached more than 2 billion tons. The world's largest oil exporters are the Middle East, North America, the former Soviet Union, West Africa, and Central and South America. The world's largest oil importers are Asia-Pacific, North America and Western Europe, accounting for about 1.3 each.

The largest importers are the United States, Japan and China. At present, China mainly imports oil from the Middle East, Asia-Pacific and West Africa. It is expected that the current trend of world oil flows will remain in the next 10 years.

Oil is an important strategic resource related to the economic and political lifeline of the country, and oil security is related to the stable development of the economy and society. According to OECD estimates, a $1 0 increase per barrel of oil** is associated with a half-percentage point increase in inflation and a 1.4 percentage point decrease in economic growth in OECD countries. Currently, 90% of the world's energy trade comes from oil, and the recession or stagnation of many developed countries is directly related to oil and its fluctuations.

When the volume of oil transportation is large, the fire safety requirements during transportation are high, and the international situation is tense, oil transportation lines often become military targets.

Extracting oil is very expensive and can also be damaging to the environment. Offshore oil exploration and exploitation can disturb the marine environment. In particular, excavation work to clean up the seabed is the most environmentally damaging.

Oil spilled or refined after a tanker accident has wreaked havoc on fragile coastal ecosystems in Alaska, the Galapagos Islands, Spain and many other regions.

When oil is burned, carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere, contributing to global warming. Oil releases less carbon dioxide per unit of energy than coal, but more than natural gas. However, as a transportation fuel, it is particularly difficult to reduce the release of carbon dioxide from incineration.

In general, only large power plants can be equipped with CO2 absorption devices, and individual vehicles cannot be equipped with such devices.

Although renewable energy is now an option, the extent to which renewables can replace oil and the environmental damage that renewable energy itself can cause are uncertain and debatable. Sunlight, wind, geothermal, and other renewable energy sources cannot replace oil as a high-energy-density transportation energy source.

To replace oil, these renewable energy sources must be converted into electricity (in the form of batteries) or hydrogen (via fuel cells or internal combustion) to power transportation.

Another option is to use liquid fuels (ethanol, biodiesel) produced from biomass to power transportation, but current technologies do not make biofuels environmentally friendly. All in all, it is not easy to replace oil as the main transportation energy source.

In the past 30 years, the realization of the world's oil and gas market has fluctuated greatly, and the overall trend is upward. Since 1980, the international oil market has generally shown an upward trend, but also presented three major characteristics:

First, the oil transactions in different places are quite different and at the same time geographically representative. According to the data published in bp's 2010 World Energy Report, there are significant differences between the four representative world oil deals**: Dubai, Brentt, Nigerian Forcados and West Texas (WTI).

The former had the lowest oil trade, while West Texas was basically at the top and was replaced by the high oil prices of Phocas after 2005 (Figure 2-1). Oil prices in Dubai, Brent, Phocas and West Texas represent oil trading in the Middle East, Europe, Africa and the Americas, respectively**. Therefore, linked to the oil demand and oil quality level in the region, the world's oil trading gap fell from US dollar barrels (2008) to US dollar barrels (2009) due to the impact of the US financial crisis after 2007.

Second, the difference between oil transactions in different regions is constantly increasing, and it shows that there is a certain relationship between the difference and the level. The average difference between 1980 and 1989 was dollar barrels, from 1990 to 1999 it was dollar barrels, and between 2000 and 2009 it rose to dollar barrels. Data on oil transactions** in Dubai, Brent, Phocas and West Texas between 1980 and 2011 can be used to calculate the extreme differences in oil transactions for each year (Figures 2-2), which also shows the trend of increasing regional differences in the world's oil**, especially since the 21st century.

Third, although the world's oil ** reached a record oil price of $147 per barrel in mid-2008, it continued to rise. By 2012, the average annual value was dollar barrels, compared to the average annual dollar barrels in 2008. Because although Europe and the United States have been affected by the financial crisis since 2007, economic development has shown negative growth, and energy consumption has declined, but economic development has shifted from the West to the East, and the economic development of China and India has undoubtedly played an important role in promoting the development of the entire world economy during this period, which has also brought about an increase in demand for oil, and the growth of oil use has shifted from the West to Asia, and the growth of the world's total demand for oil has basically not changed, resulting in oil ** The decline during this period was greater than estimated.

Figure 2-2 Trend of the world's oil trading gap from 1980 to 2012.

This is your homework question...... right

Very simple math ......Wu Raid has to be someone else? Also, a liter of vanity oil is too cheap.

1） p=（300/12）*

2) w=(300 15)*to (300 16)*3) Let p=w+8000, and find t, which is about 10,000 days.

1) The Gulf of Mexico and the Gulf region are still the main offshore oil and gas production areas, of which the United States has 100 million oil equivalent tons (calculated according to 1000m3 of natural gas equivalent to 1 ton of oil, the same below), and the Arab countries have more than 200 million tons;

2) Large-scale oil fields in the North Sea have been put into development, accounting for a large proportion of the world's offshore oil and gas production, of which the United Kingdom has produced 100 million tons and Norway has produced 100 million tons;

3) Mexico's oil production in Latin America has reached 100 million tons, and Brazil and Venezuela are also major oil producers, with a total output of 100 million tons;

4) Russia discovered the Stoshmankoye giant natural gas field (470 billion cubic meters) off the coast of the Barents Sea, and the Shafaq oil field in the Absheron Strait and other seas, with an estimated oil reserves of 1.1 billion tons; 10,000 cubic meters of natural gas;

5) There are also new developments in offshore oil development in Asia, India's exploration of new oil fields in the East Java coast and the Natuna Basin may be discovered in the near future, and the exploration and development of Malaysia is concentrated in the offshore waters of Telanganu in the Malay Basin, Sabah and Sarawa, and the offshore oil production in the work area will reach more than 200 million tons;

6) 8.5 billion tonnes of oil reserves in Australian waters, and there will be new exploration and development results in the next few years;

7) The main offshore oil producing area in Africa is located in the Gulf of Suez in the Mediterranean, and Libya has discovered geological reserves of 100 million tons and recoverable reserves of 70 million tons at a depth of 150 meters in the Mediterranean; Egyptian waters are also relatively rich in oil and gas resources, and large oil fields with reserves of 100 million tons have been discovered in the Congo waters and are being explored.