Why do many herbivores, especially bovids, bend their horns to a greater or lesser extent?

Many herbivores, especially bovids, are horned.

Will be more or less bent. Perfect "straightness" is rare, but "bending" is a universal truth. For example, domestic cattle, buffaloes, goats, sheep, and various antelopes, gazelles, and wildebeests.

Argali, ibex ......Both of them have varying degrees of bending at their horns. This is for defense.

If the horns of the cow are bent outward, then the attack of the cow is not a butt, but a thorn, and the success rate of the attack decreases, but it is easy to kill the eater.

Ox horns have a long history, and their origins are closely related to primitive hunting activities such as witchcraft. In Shaanxi, Henan, Shandong and other places in China, there was the Neolithic Age.

The pottery horns used were unearthed. Huaxian County, Shaanxi Province.

A pottery horn unearthed in Jingjiabao belongs to the type of ditch at the bottom of the Yangshao cultural temple, its shape is similar to the horn of the ox, with a total length of 42 centimeters

The inner diameter of the mouthpiece is cm, the inner diameter of the bell is cm cm, and the wall thickness of the tube is 1 cm. Although the mouthpiece of this pottery horn is thinner, it can still blow out the sound, and the volume is still large. When horns and other horns were widely used, this kind of pottery horn was produced.

In the prehistoric and Xia and Shang periods, both cow horns and pottery horns were used as signal instruments. During the Qin and Han dynasties, horns were used in military ceremonial guards and drum music, and in addition to the natural horns of animals, bamboo also appeared.

Horns made of wood, leather, copper, and other materials. It can be seen from the "Han Dynasty Drum Band Diagram" that the horns used in the Han Dynasty are very large, and they are no longer natural horns such as cow horns, but artificially made horns. The ancient horns, first in the ethnic minorities.

It is closely related to animal husbandry and hunting. Xu Guang of the Eastern Jin Dynasty has "Car Uniform Ritual System": "Horn, the secretary of the previous life did not carry, or the cloud was out of Qiang Hu, and the Chinese horse was blown to surprise, or the cloud was out of Wu Yue."

Quoted from "The Book of the North Hall"). General Dictionary

There are also: "Horn, the secretary does not carry it, Ma Rong is out of Wu Yue again." ”

Because they usually eat with their companions, their horns that are too straight can hurt their companions.

Because long-term growth will be bent and bent, a natural phenomenon.

In order to adapt to the environment, the horns are too long and will be hung elsewhere.

This will not hinder them from eating, so bend.

This is to prevent injuries to companions.

This is to be able to eat more while enjoying the food.

Five Principles of Chinese Learning in Primary Schools:

1. Step by step.

Language learning should focus on the basics and should not be rushed. Make a good plan every day, even if it is only a little bit, but as long as you stick to your language skills, you will make great progress. You can practice a few words every day, memorize a few poems a week, practice dozens of words seriously, memorize a few poems skillfully every week, read a few articles, and read a famous book every semester.

2. Familiarize yourself with the thoughts.

Memory and comprehension are closely combined, and the two should not be neglected. "Familiarity" means "three to": heart, eyes, and mouth. "Thinking" should be good at questioning difficult questions and finally solving problems.

3. Self-satisfaction.

The correct attitude of reading means not to read for the sake of reading, but to absorb the knowledge you have learned, turn it into your own things, and achieve a combination of reading and writing.

4. Combination of doctoral and research.

One is to read extensively, and the other is to read intensively, both of which are indispensable and organically combined. Pay attention to daily life, comprehend the language in life, and bring language learning out of the classroom.

5. Combination of inside and outside.

In addition to improving the efficiency of in-class learning, extracurricular language tutoring is also a good way to check and fill in the gaps. The excellence of language tutoring has always been relatively reputable, and the teachers of famous schools are interesting and easy to understand, and you can go to the campus for free trial.

Most teachers and parents of children with poor Chinese grades dictate and make papers for him, help him revise them one-on-one, and then make papers and talk about them; Or talk about composition skills, writing essays. Supplement the basic knowledge, most of them stay in the study of students than others to practice a few times, this method at first glance seems to be effective, the content of the day's tutoring will be, the evening dictation, dictation accuracy rate has improved, before the exam to make up for it, the results can also go up a few points, the child's language problem has not been fundamentally solved. In make-up composition and reading, the children only memorize some concepts of reading and composition methods, and there is no substantial improvement.

Therefore, reading aloud and the accumulation of usual time are particularly important, reading aloud for at least an hour a day, and the amount of reading aloud far exceeds the homework left during the holidays; Children don't like to read at first, so parents need to supervise them; In the beginning, you had to practice an article ten or eight times to read it well, and then you only had to practice it three or four times. The foundation is solid. In the basic tests such as "dictation", "reading pinyin to write words" and "accumulating and filling in the blanks", children's typos were greatly reduced.

The expression is fluent. The spoken language has changed from the phenomenon of standing up and stammering, and the phenomenon of stammering and babbling has become clear and fluent. The composition (essay) has changed the original problem of not matching the preface and the afterword, and there is nothing to say when writing a few sentences, and the language has become fluent, the thinking is clear, and the content is richer.

I think the most important thing is to lay a good foundation and build a tall building from the ground. I am teaching children, for children who are not good at Chinese, they generally have to learn pinyin from scratch, and then dictate the words every day, and let the children say more, express more to understand more. If the child encounters any problems, you can come back to me and I will be happy to help the child.

Read more Read more ancient poems and texts to lay a good foundation.

Read more books, accumulate more good words and sentences, and memorize an essay every day.

Read more books, read them inside and outside the classroom, write down some key points in class, memorize more, memorize what should be memorized, and appropriately memorize some articles on tutorial textbooks.

First of all, we should improve our interest in learning, interest is the first, and find a learning method that suits you, mainly seize the classroom for 45 minutes, in terms of reading comprehension, you can try the way of Confucius and Mencius, the way of Chinese learning machine zn5200729 can invisibly improve the comprehensive ability of the language, and to arrange the learning time reasonably.

I think it's better to point out, and it's also what our teachers are letting us use, with moderate difficulty, detailed explanations, clear organization, and strong pertinence, which is a good tutoring book. I've seen the point in the dictionary, it's a little difficult, and it is estimated that the ideas of the questions in the regular exam are more traditional, so it is recommended to do a little bit of dialing, and if you have spare energy, you can do something more difficult. Good luck.

Putonghua proficiency shall meet the standards of Level 2 B and above in the "Putonghua Proficiency Test Grading Standards" promulgated by the State Language Commission.

Further Material: A teacher certificate is a license for teachers who work in the education industry. In China, normal university graduates must pass the education and educational psychology course examinations offered by the school in the final examination of the semester, and must achieve the second level B or above in the Putonghua examination organized by the province (second class A for Chinese majors) before they can receive the teacher qualification certificate upon graduation. Non-teachers and other members of society need to take a series of tests in the society, such as certification exams, before they can apply for a teaching certificate.

Primary and secondary school Chinese teachers should reach the Putonghua level: Level 2A.

According to the relevant provisions of the state, the following persons shall participate in the Putonghua proficiency test and obtain the corresponding grades: teachers and those applying for teacher qualifications shall reach the second level B and above, and the Chinese teachers shall reach the second level A or above.

I graduated from the Department of Chinese, majored in teacher training, and obtained a high school teacher qualification certificate issued at the time of graduation. At that time, the school's requirement for us was to reach the second level of Mandarin.

Teaching method: Teaching method is a method by which teachers impart knowledge and develop students' intelligence through concise and vivid oral language.

Discussion method: Under the guidance of the teacher, the discussion method is a teaching method in which students work as a class or in small groups to express their opinions around the central issues of the textbook, and acquire or consolidate knowledge through discussion or debate activities.

Intuitive Demonstration Method: Demonstration method is a teaching method in which teachers can gain perceptual understanding through observation by displaying various physical objects, visual teaching aids or conducting demonstrative experiments in the classroom. It is an auxiliary teaching method, which should be used in combination with teaching methods such as lecture method and conversation method.

Practice: Exercise is a method for students to consolidate knowledge, apply knowledge, and form skills and techniques under the guidance of teachers. In teaching, the practice method is widely used in the teaching of various subjects.

Visiting Teaching Method: A teaching method that organizes or guides students to go to breeding test sites for field observation, investigation, research and learning, so as to acquire new knowledge or consolidate what has already been learned.

On-site teaching method: It is a teaching method that takes the scene as the center, the on-site object as the object, and the student activity as the main body. The on-site teaching of this course is carried out in the training bases inside and outside the school, and is mainly used in the teaching of breeding experiment layout planning, experimental design, observation and recording methods of crop traits, etc.

Self-directed learning method: In order to fully expand students' horizons, cultivate students' learning habits and self-directed learning ability, and exercise students' comprehensive quality, students are usually given thinking questions or some production problems encountered, so that students can use network resources to learn independently to find answers, propose measures to solve problems, and then put forward discussion and evaluation.

It is 32 folios, and the regular size of a 32 folio is: 184mm x 130mm.

Primary School Chinese is a monthly journal supervised by the Ministry of Education, sponsored by the People's Education Publishing House and the Institute of Curriculum and Textbooks.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, with the changes of the times, the primary school Chinese textbooks were constantly revised, and they were replaced by new textbooks without going through a complete primary school cycle, and even some textbooks were not used after they were compiled.

At present, there are many sets of primary school language teaching materials used in various parts of Chinese mainland, such as the teaching version, the Sujiao version, the Beijing Normal University version, the Xiangjiao version, the Ejiao version, the Western teacher version, and the Chinese version.

It depends on what version it is.

People's Education Edition, Beijing Normal University Edition.

In short, it depends on the version.

It is 32 folios, and the regular size of a 32 folio is: 184mm x 130mm.

Textbooks generally have two sizes: one is 15 cm wide and 30 cm high, and the other is 21 cm wide and 30 cm high. You can buy it according to this eating size.

In terms of paper size, the junior high school textbook is also 32 folios, which is the same size as your primary school textbook. High school is now 16 years old, which means it's a little bigger than your composition. If you ask how much space it takes up, it is not necessarily, because the same content takes up different spaces in different formats.

Standard size. Basic introduction.

According to the size of the folio, there are usually three types: large folio, medium folio, and small folio. In the case of 787 1092 paper, more than 12 folios are large folios, 16 36 folios are medium-sized folios, and less than 40 folios are small folios, but books with mainly text are generally medium-sized folios.

Except for 6 open, 12 open, 20 open, 24 open, and 40 open about a square, the rest are rectangles with different proportions, which are suitable for all kinds of books with different properties and uses.

Introduction to the standard. The specification of paper refers to the fact that after the paper is made, it is trimmed and cut to a certain size. In the past, the size of the paper was expressed by how many "opens" (such as 8 or 16 opens, etc.), but now China adopts international standards, stipulating that A0, A1, A2, B1, B2 and so onand so on to indicate the format of the paper.

The standard stipulates that the ratio of the width (denoted by x) and the length (denoted by y) of the paper is x:y=1:n.

According to the basic area of the paper format, the format specifications are divided into A series, B series and C series, and the format size of A0 is: 841mm 1189mm, and the format area is 1 square meter; The format size of B0 is 1000mm 1414mm, and the format area is 2 square meters; The format size of C0 is 917mm 1297mm, and the format area is square meters; Only A series and B series are used in the format specifications of copy paper.

If the A0 paper is split into two equal parts along the length, it becomes the A1 format, and if the A1 paper is split along the length, it becomes the A2 format, and so on to the A8 format; B0 paper is also folked to B8 size according to this method. The format sizes of A0 A8 and B0 B8 are shown in the table below. Among them, A3, A4, A5, A6 and B4, B5 and B6 are the commonly used specifications for copy paper.

Many countries use the ISO 216 international standard to define the size of paper, which originated in Germany and was adopted in 1922, defining three groups of paper sizes: A, B, and C, including the well-known A4 paper size, and Group C paper size is mainly used for envelopes.

In addition, there are many non-standard sizes in China, such as the business acceptance registration form used by China Mobile and other companies, the size is 190mm*265mm, and it is easy to make mistakes when the copier's automatic paper selection.