Was there anyone archaeological in the Qing Dynasty Is the dating of archaeology very accurate?

There will definitely be gravediggers, such as tomb robbers... Presentation is not necessarily.

To say formal archaeology, perhaps from the Song Dynasty onwards can be regarded as one of the sources of Chinese archaeology, to the Qing Dynasty Jinshi is also very developed, in addition, the Qing Dynasty began, the discovery of oracle bones, some people called "oracle bone four halls", since then, China's local archaeology slowly established the concept, developed. Exhibitions such as gold and stone science and oracle bones have exhibitions, and there should be very few tombs, after all, the ancients still talked about feng shui superstition, and I don't think they generally publicize the ...... of the things obtained in the tombs

The rampant phenomenon of treasure theft is inseparable from the traditional Chinese custom of thick burials.

The custom of thick burials has a long history, dating back to the Xia and Shang dynasties and reaching its heyday in the Qin and Han dynasties. For example, the system of the Han Dynasty stipulated that when the Son of Heaven ascended the throne for one year, he would use one-third of the world's tribute to "fill the mountain mausoleum" to build the emperor's tomb. Even Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, who was known as "simple" in history and ordered in his edict not to be buried thickly, also "won many treasures" when his tomb was stolen in the Jin Dynasty.

Professor Li Shan said that the custom of thick burial is rooted in the traditional Chinese concept of etiquette and governance, and is directly related to the superstitious idea of the ancients who believed in the immortality of the soul. The ancient Chinese talked about respecting the monarch and filial piety, and they wanted to save face, and a thick burial can satisfy this kind of mentality. "Lü's Spring and Autumn Festival Funeral" records that at that time, people often used some special items that could show their identity and status, as well as a large number of living materials and rare and intact things to be buried with them, and their descendants were also proud of this.

As the saying goes, "if you want to bury them extravagantly, your heart is not worried about the dead, and the living are still considerate."

Tomb robbers existed at least in the Han Dynasty, but people robbed tombs not for display, but for selling them for money.

The undiscovered dynasties in China are: the ancient Tang Dynasty, the Hua Dynasty, the Yu Dynasty, the Xia Dynasty, the Poor Dynasty, and the Han Dynasty.

1. Hua Dynasty

According to the Huayang National Chronicles, it is an area surrounded by black water, river water, and Han water. The Classic of Mountains and Seas is the only encyclopedia comprehensive book handed down from the Chinese Dynasty.

2. Ancient Tang Dynasty

The Tang Dynasty (2168-2095 BC, 2067-2064 BC, also known as the ancient Tang Dynasty, "Tao Tang Dynasty") is a dynasty established by Tang Yao in ancient times, and it is also the earliest prototype of the later ** centralized state, which established a more systematic political system for the first time in the history of our country, laying the foundation for the emergence of slave states, known as the Tang Dynasty.

3, Yu Dynasty

c. 3600 BC - 2100 BC, a dynasty in Chinese history that may have existed for hundreds of years, before the Xia Dynasty. Shun was the last ruler of the Yu Dynasty.

4. Xia Dynasty

The Xia Dynasty (c. 2070 BC, c. 1600 BC) was the first hereditary dynasty recorded in Chinese history books. It is generally believed that the Xia Dynasty was passed down for 14 generations and 17 generations (the Xia ruler was called "Hou" in his reign and "Emperor" after his death), and the founder was Yu, and the capital was Yangcheng, Henan Zhengzhou Dengfeng).

5. Poor Dynasty

The dynasty established by Hou Yi is called Hou Yi of the Xia Dynasty of the Poor Dynasty, and there is a poor clan, which is the monarch of a poor country, usurping the throne of the Xia State, and reigning for a total of eight years. This is also the truth of "Hou Yi's shooting sun, this "day" is actually the treasure of the world's co-master, and it was finally fallen by Hou Yi and fell into the hands of Hou Yi.

6. Han Dynasty

In the autumn of the nineteenth year of Houyi (2022 ago), Han Xun killed his father-in-law Hou Yi established himself as the king and changed the country name to Han, with Gengchen 2021 as the first year of Han Xun.

Dating in archaeology includes both relative and absolute dating. The former refers to the relative early and late relationship between different archaeological cultures and relics, but it is not clear how many years earlier (or later), for example, the Yangshao culture is earlier than the Longshan culture. The latter gives a chronological order in terms of the exact chronology, such as how many years ago a certain culture was.

Archaeological dating is mainly based on carbon-14 radiometric measurements. Other methods include: uranium system dating, paleomagnetic dating, bone fossil fluoride dating, potassium-argon dating, and thermoluminescence dating.

However, it should be noted that carbon-14 dating generally requires the assistance of tree-ring correction method, and the conclusions drawn are only a range, not an absolute age as people believe. In addition, all carbon-14 dating data are marked with a standard deviation (plus the correction is about 50 years before and after, which would be a bit large for historical archaeology), but there is actually only a 68 probability that the true age is within this data range.

In addition, in the archaeology of the historical period, the judgment of the era also relies on stratigraphy and typology, and then the evidence of cultural relics unearthed in the tomb sites, such as the title of the mural carving, epitaph, currency, etc., are all important bases for judging the age.

This cannot be certain, if there is a clear record in the history books (official history), such as the time and place where the time occurred, it can be determined, and this is the premise of believing in the official history. If there is no historical record, or there is no definite time, then it is reasonable to speculate. For example, I know that I use carbon-14 to detect and estimate the time based on astronomical phenomena such as solar and lunar eclipses recorded in history books.