Brownian motion, where does the energy come from?????

In 1827, the British botanist Brown first observed under a microscope that the small pollen in the water were constantly moving irregularly. If you look closely, you can see that any very small particle suspended in a liquid or gas is in an endless state of irregular motion forever. The smaller the suspended particle, the more intense its movement becomes; The higher the temperature, the more intense this movement becomes.

Later, people called this movement Brownian motion, and small particles like small pollen were called Brownian particles. Brownian motion is never-ending, it is not affected by external factors and is completely a reflection of the internal motion of matter.

What does Brownian motion illustrate? It turns out that this movement is caused by the molecular movement of the liquid. Since the molecules of the liquid are in irregular thermal motion all the time, these molecules hit the Brownian particles, causing the movement of the Brownian particles.

If the particles of suspended solids are too large, the number of molecules hitting the large particles at each moment is too large, so that these impacts basically cancel each other out, and the large particles will remain immobile. When the suspended particles are small enough to a certain extent, there are not so many molecules that collide with the small particles, and there will be an imbalance of molecular impact from a certain direction, causing the small particles to move. The smaller the size of the Brownian particle, the more likely it is that an imbalance of impact will occur, and the more acute the Brownian motion will be.

On the other hand, the higher the temperature, the greater the speed of the irregular movement of the molecules, and the Brownian motion caused by the impact of the molecules will also intensify. Due to the observation and understanding of the phenomenon of Brownian motion, people have a deep understanding of the nature of Brownian motion. Thus, the presence of molecules and the presence of molecular motion are confirmed.

The phenomenon of suspended particles moving irregularly is called Brownian motion.

Brownian motion, also known as molecular thermal motion, is related to temperature and the number of particles, the higher the temperature, the more intense the Brownian motion, the fewer particles, the more intense the molecular thermal motion.

Brownian motion represents a random fluctuation phenomenon, and its theory has important applications in other fields. For example, the study of the accuracy limit of the measuring instrument; Research on background noise in high-magnification telecommunication circuits, etc.

Of course, it does not appear out of thin air, and the particles transfer energy in the "collision" (no real collision) of each other, which is similar to the conservation of momentum, but because of the large number of particles and the variety of ways of action, this energy transfer appears to be irregular, and the movement of the particles is irregular. That is to say, the energy enhancement of one particle is the result of the transfer of other particles, and the weakening is the result of the transfer to other particles, but the energy of the overall microscopic world does not change. As for these overall energies, they should come from the so-called big **.

It's hard to say where it came from, probably from the universe **.

What you want to know is why Brownian motion can continue, because kinetic energy is conserved, and energy is not lost, so it keeps moving.

Collisions between particles, particles are in constant motion.

Thermal movement comes from thermal energy.