Where did the spring water come from, and how did the spring water come about?

Spring water is actually a type of clean groundwater, which refers to bodies of water that are buried below the ground and present in the pores of rocks and soil that can flow. Water below the surface is not all groundwater. The soil layer below the ground can be divided into an air-containing zone and a saturated zone.

The soil layer of the aeration zone contains air and is not filled with water, and the water in the aeration zone is called soil water. The soil pores in the saturated zone are filled with water, and the water content reaches saturation, and the water in the saturated zone is groundwater. Common well water and spring water are groundwater.

Groundwater is widely distributed and the amount of water is relatively stable, and it is one of the important sources of water for industry, agriculture and domestic use. Overexploitation of groundwater (extracted at a rate greater than its recharge) can cause a significant drop in the water table and cause land subsidence. If the groundwater level is too high, it will be detrimental to the growth of crops, which will cause waterlogging, and if the groundwater has a high salinity, it will cause secondary salinization of the land.

Groundwater contamination.

Like surface water, groundwater is also threatened by pollution, mainly from the infiltration of surface or soil water, agricultural nitrogen fertilizer and oil and phenol in garbage pollute groundwater, once nitrate in nitrogen fertilizer enters the ground, it will be converted into nitrite, which can be converted into carcinogens in the human body. The destruction of surface vegetation and the drainage of wetlands reduce the infiltration of surface water, thereby lowering the diving surface. Due to the excessive needs of cities and industry, fresh water is constantly being pumped out for domestic and industrial use and then re-discharged as surface sewage, which also leads to further decline of the diving surface.

On the other hand, large amounts of frequent irrigation can enhance the infiltration effect, allowing the diving surface to rise all the way to the surface. In arid areas, the land infiltrated by water causes the precipitation of salts in the groundwater due to abnormal evaporation, and sooner or later becomes saline-alkali land that cannot be cultivated.

Groundwater with **.

The observation and research of groundwater began after Xingtai in 1966. Groundwater dynamics refers to the changes in the physical and chemical properties of groundwater (including water level, water temperature, flow rate, and gas-chemical composition) over time. Studying the relationship between groundwater dynamic anomalies and forecasting is one of the important topics to explore forecasting.

China's groundwater level and research on groundwater level, that is, the first generation of groundwater observation well network, was established in 1996 after Xingtai **. At the Xingtai ** site, the pre-earthquake signs were the most obvious, and the well was bubbling and sounding. Through the test of strong aftershocks, the workers have obtained a large amount of data on the anomalous changes of groundwater before the first time, and they have seen the hope of forecasting.

As a result, the scientific practice of studying the relationship between groundwater and ** began from here.

After practical testing, the observation effect of the deep well water network that has been built is good, and groundwater anomalies have been observed for many strong earthquakes in the monitoring area, and some of them have been predicted to a certain extent.

Emerging from groundwater.

The spring water is caused by the seepage of atmospheric precipitation and the underground flow along the inclined direction of the rock layer, and when it is blocked by the intrusive rock mass, the confined water is exposed to the surface to form the spring water.

In the long geological time, the soluble limestone has undergone many tectonic movements and long-term dissolution, and the karst landform has developed, forming a large number of karst ditches, karst holes, karst caves and underground dark rivers, etc., which together form a vein-like underground network that can store and transport groundwater.

In the place where limestone outcrops and fissure karst develop, it absorbs a large amount of atmospheric precipitation and surface runoff, and infiltrates into the ground to form abundant fissure karst water These fissure karst water, blocked by the Archean metamorphic rocks, moves horizontally to the north along the direction of rock inclination, forming underground undercurrents, and encountering the obstruction and fault interception of intrusive rock mass.

Under the strong hydrostatic pressure, the groundwater passes through the karst fissures, grabs the ground in the contact zone between the limestone and the intrusive rock mass and the weak place of the Quaternary sedimentary layer, gushing out of the surface and forming a natural spring.

A spring is a place where groundwater naturally outcrops to the surface, or where an underground aquifer is exposed to the surface. To put it simply, the cause of spring water can be simply summarized as atmospheric precipitation seepage underground flow along the inclined direction of rock formations, blocked by intrusive rock mass, confined water outcrops the surface, forming spring water. However, this is not the case, and the formation of springs is the result of a combination of hydrology and geological landforms.

There is groundwater in the interior of the earth.

Groundwater flows out of the surface in large quantities along the slope of the limestone layers. It became the source of spring water. In the magmatic rocks under the plains, it is tightly organized. Therefore, after the groundwater flows here, it cannot flow when it is blocked by the magmatic rock.

Groundwater gushes out through the cracks in the rocks under strong pressure, and snow water is formed by melting water from snow-capped mountains.

The spring water is naturally exposed to the surface from groundwater.

The mountains are made up of limestone, while the plains also hide magmatic rocks under the mud underneath. The limestone in the mountains was formed about 400 million years ago and is relatively pure in texture, sloping from south to north at an inclination of about 30 °. The limestone itself is not very compact, with voids, fissures and caves that store and transport groundwater.

Groundwater flows out of the surface in large quantities along the slope of the limestone layers. It became the source of spring water. In the magmatic rocks under the plains, it is tightly organized. Therefore, after the groundwater flows here, it cannot flow when it is blocked by the magmatic rock.

The magmatic rocks are covered with an impermeable layer of clay, and groundwater cannot flow freely out of the ground. These large amounts of groundwater are formed by the strong pressure that gushes up from the cracks in the ground and forms springs.

Causes of spring water:

Atmospheric precipitation seeps underground flows in the inclined direction of the rock layer, and when blocked by the intrusive rock mass, the confined water is exposed to the surface and forms a spring.

The spring water provides an ideal water source for human beings, and can also constitute many ornamental landscapes and tourist resources, such as physiotherapy springs, drinking springs, etc. The total number of Chinese springs is innumerable, and the distribution is very wide, and the variety is also very rich, and there are countless famous springs in various places.

According to the chemical composition, the temperature and osmotic pressure of the water, as well as the pH of the water, can be divided into cold springs, mineral springs and ornamental springs.

2. In the long geological time, the soluble limestone has undergone many tectonic movements and long-term dissolution, and the karst landform of Yanbizhou has developed, forming a large number of karst ditches, karst holes, karst caves and underground dark rivers, which together form a vein-like underground network that can store and transport groundwater.

3. In the place where limestone outcrops and fissure karst develop, a large amount of atmospheric precipitation and surface runoff are absorbed, and rich fissure karst water is formed by infiltrating into the ground. These fissure karst waters, blocked by the Archean metamorphic rocks, move horizontally along the direction of the rock stratum inclination to the north, forming underground undercurrents, which are blocked by intrusive rock masses and blocked by faults.

4. A large number of underground undercurrents converge, and from horizontal movement to vertical upward movement, promote the development of karst and water level elevation, under the strong hydrostatic pressure, groundwater through karst fissures, in the contact zone between limestone and intrusive rock mass and the weak part of the Quaternary sedimentary layer to grab the ground, gushing out of the surface shape, is the natural spring draft ant.

The springs are as follows: 1, cool springs2, sweet springs3, sweet springs4, crystal clear springs5, tinkling springs6, dry and clean springs7, roaring springs8, trickling springs9, cold springs10, sparkling springs 11, crescent-shaped springs12, springs of a variety of shapes13, graceful springs14, cold springs15, and smoky springs.