What are the possible hazards caused by invasive alien organisms?

The reason why invasive alien species are harmful is that they reproduce rapidly, their numbers increase geometrically, and due to the lack of natural enemies, they often grow into new dominant species in the local area, seriously damage local biodiversity and ecological security, and also cause serious biological pollution and irreversible damage to the ecosystem. For example, the following invasive alien organisms: water hyacinth is native to South America, introduced into China as an ornamental plant in the early 20th century, and later promoted and planted as pig feed.

Goldenrod canadensis is an ornamental plant introduced from North America in Shanghai and other places in China in the 30s of the 20th century, and later escaped into the wild, with a strong ability to reproduce and quickly occupy space, suppress the growth of native plants, and destroy the ecological balance of vegetation in the invasion area. The Brazilian tortoise, also known as the red-eared tortoise, is mostly found in Brazil, with a few species found in the United States. The Brazilian tortoise is recognized as an ecological killer in the world, and many countries such as China have listed it as a dangerous invasive alien species.

Methods to prevent and control the invasion of alien organisms.

1.Manual removal.

By manually capturing or salvaging the creature, if the creature can be used by humans, the creature can be used, and if it is useless to us, it can be killed and buried.

2.Look for predators.

Carefully search for the natural predators of the creature in the ecosystem, and use native organisms to expel the creature. However, it takes a long time to remove alien organisms by biological methods, so both artificial and biological methods can be used together.

3.Introduce natural predators.

This works the same as the second method, but the effect may be completely different. The introduction of natural enemies refers to the introduction of natural enemies from the original living environment of alien organisms, and since its natural enemies are also considered alien organisms, random introduction may also lead to biological invasion. Therefore, this method must be strictly considered before being used to ensure that its natural enemies will not cause damage to the native environment before being introduced.

4.Chemical control.

This refers to the use of chemical methods, usually chemical agents, to kill alien organisms. This method has the advantages of being fast, effective, and easy to promote. However, the use of this method may not only kill alien organisms, but also kill a large number of native organisms, which may have a greater impact on the environment.

5.No intrusion.

Biological invasions generally occur in various plants or animals carried by outsiders, so the most important way to eliminate the source of invasion is to strictly monitor all kinds of organisms entering the country, and if it is found that there are organisms that may produce biological invasion, they will be eliminated.

The prevention and control of alien biological invasion is a task that benefits the country and the people, and there is a long way to go, which requires long-term and unremitting efforts. China attaches great importance to the prevention and control of invasive alien species, and actively adopts measures to conscientiously do a good job in the management and prevention of invasive alien species. In the future, it is necessary to continue to continuously improve the laws and regulations on the management of invasive alien species, and introduce corresponding management regulations or measures as soon as possible, so as to improve the efficiency and level of management of invasive alien species.

Secondly, it is necessary to strengthen monitoring and evaluation, strengthen the monitoring of major malignant invasive alien species, especially increase the frequency of monitoring of invasive alien species along the border and coast, ecologically fragile areas and sensitive areas, and improve early warning capabilities. In addition, it is necessary to continue to do a good job in eliminating poisons and eliminating harms, consolidate the existing prevention and control achievements, and prevent them; At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen technical research, and strive to solve the common and key technical problems in the comprehensive prevention and control of invasive alien species that have been introduced into China and have been harmed, so as to provide technical support for the prevention and control of invasive alien species. Finally, it is necessary to carry out extensive propaganda and training, enhance the ability of the broad masses of cadres and masses to know, recognize, prevent, and eradicate drugs, and teach the peasant masses applicable and mature comprehensive prevention and control techniques.

Biologically, an alien species is a species, subspecies or lower taxa that occurs outside its range and location from the silactic squire, including any part, gamete or propagulum of these species that can survive and reproduce.

Alien species invasion refers to the process of biological species migrating from the place of origin to the new ecological environment through natural or man-made means, which has two meanings: first, the species must be alien and non-native to the territory; Second, the alien species can settle, reproduce and spread in local natural or artificial ecosystems, and eventually significantly affect the local ecological environment and damage local biodiversity. Invasive alien species can disrupt the naturalness and integrity of landscapes, destroy ecosystems, endanger animal and plant diversity, and affect genetic diversity. As of 2013, 544 species of alien pests have been identified as invading China, of which more than 100 are serious.

Among the 100 most threatened invasive alien species in the world announced by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, more than 50 species have invaded China. China's economic losses caused by this exceed 200 billion yuan every year.

1. Alien species are populations established in natural and semi-natural ecosystems and habitats, and when they change and endanger local biodiversity, they are invasive alien species, and the harm caused by them is the invasion of alien organisms.

2. The invasion of alien species mainly harms in several aspects: one is to cause the decline of agricultural and forestry products, output value and quality, and increase the cost; second, it has an impact on biodiversity, especially encroaching on the living space of native species, resulting in the death and endangerment of native species; The third is the impact on human and animal health.

3. According to statistics, at least 188 species of invasive plants, 81 species of invasive animals and 19 species of invasive microorganisms have been found in China; Among the 100 most threatening invasive alien species in the world announced by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, 50 species have been found in China, causing serious harm to agriculture, forestry, water conservancy, animal husbandry, etc. Taking the invasion of forestry pests as an example, during the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, the average annual area of 100 million mu occurred, resulting in direct economic losses and ecological service value losses of 110 billion yuan, of which the most serious damage caused by pine wood nematodes, American white moths, etc., caused by the average annual loss of forestry was as high as 11 billion yuan.