Who invented the thermometer?

I don't know, but I sell thermometers.

The first thermometer was invented in 1593 by the Italian scientist Galileo Galilei (1564 1642). His first thermometer was a glass tube with an open end and a walnut-sized glass bubble at the other. To use, heat the glass bubble and insert the glass tube into the water.

As the temperature changes, the water surface in the glass tube moves up and down, and the temperature change and temperature can be determined according to the amount of movement. The thermometer has the effect of thermal expansion and contraction, so this kind of thermometer is greatly affected by environmental factors such as external atmospheric pressure, so the measurement error is large.

Later, Galileo's students and other scientists repeatedly improved on this basis, such as turning the glass tube upside down, putting the liquid in the tube, and sealing the glass tube. The more prominent one is the thermometer made by the Frenchman Bríot in 1659, who reduced the volume of the glass bubble and changed the temperature measuring substance to mercury, which has the prototype of the thermometer. Later, the Dutchman Wallenheitt used alcohol in 1709 and mercury as a measuring substance in 1714 to create a more accurate thermometer.

He observed the boiling temperature of water, the temperature at which water and ice were mixed, and the temperature at which salt water and ice were mixed; After repeated experiments and approvals, the temperature of a certain concentration of salt water is set to 0, the temperature of pure water is set to 32, and the temperature of water boiling under standard atmospheric pressure is set to 212, which is used to represent the Fahrenheit temperature, which is the Fahrenheit thermometer.

At the same time as the Fahrenheit thermometer appeared, the Frenchman Lemuel (1683 1757) also designed and manufactured a thermometer. He believes that the expansion coefficient of mercury is too small to be used as a temperature measuring substance. He focused on the advantages of using alcohol as a temperature measuring substance.

He repeatedly found that the expansion of alcohol containing 1 5 water between the freezing temperature of the water and the boiling temperature increases from 1000 to 1080 volume units. Therefore, he divided the freezing point into 80 parts and set the temperature division of his thermometer, which is the Liech thermometer.

More than 30 years after the Fahrenheit thermometer was made, the Swede Celseus improved the scale of the Wallenheitt thermometer in 1742, and he set the boiling point of water at 0 degrees and the freezing point of water at 100 degrees. Later, his colleague Schlemmer reversed the values of the two temperature points (i.e., the boiling point is 100 degrees Celsius, and the freezing point is 0 degrees), and the percentage temperature, that is, the Celsius temperature, is expressed by . Fahrenheit temperature is related to Celsius as =9 5 +32, or =5 9 ( -32).

Britain and the United States mostly use Fahrenheit temperature, Germany mostly uses Liech temperature, and the world's scientific and technological circles and industrial and agricultural production, as well as China, France and most other countries use Celsius temperature.

Excerpt from Encyclopedia, not original).

In 1592, Galileo created the first thermometer. It was a straight, slender glass tube with a scale, which was marked at an equidistant distance on the tube. The closed end is spherical, and the other end is pre-filled with some colored water in the tube and the unclosed end is inserted upside down into the container containing the water.

When the ambient air temperature changes, the height of the water column in the pipe also changes. When the outside temperature rises, the gas in the glass ball expands, which lowers the water level in the glass tube; Conversely, when the temperature is lower, the gas in the glass ball shrinks, and the water level in the glass tube rises. This tells you how high and low the temperature is.