What is the difference between them and the common sight on some tombstones in rural areas?

What is the difference between them and the common sight on some tombstones in rural areas?

Every year, you will see tombstones in many places, which is a kind of rural customs and culture that has been passed down for hundreds of years. Above these tombstones, you will often see the words "therefore, obvious, examine, and concubine", if you do not carefully grasp this culture or read the history of this area, you may find it very puzzling. In fact, the words "therefore, obvious, examine, and concubine" each represent an identity of the tomb owner and its relationship with the person who erected the monument.

First of all, we say the word "therefore". "Therefore" means to die, so that the reason for the erection of the monument is simply and clearly written, thus expressing a kind of longing for the deceased by the living, which is more common on the tombstone.

It means first, and is an honorific title for the deceased, but in many rural areas. The two words simply cannot be mixed, listen to the old man in the village. The word "xian" also has the meaning of prominence and prominence in it, and if it is to be engraved on a tombstone, several criteria must be met.

The deceased is not only the highest in the family, neither parents nor parents-in-law are still alive, and there are already grandchildren among the children and grandchildren of the family, and it is best to be over 60 years old to be able to be called Xian, otherwise the word "first" can only be engraved on the tombstone. It is precisely for this reason that in the countryside, the number of tombstones engraved with "Xianbao" and "Xianyu" is obviously large. For "Kao" and "妣" each refer to father and mother, the expression of Kao Yan comes from the ancestor of China's dictionary "Erya".

In the idiom, there is also a saying "such as mourning", so "first report" and "first concubine" are honorific titles for deceased parents. A tombstone is a very solemn object, recording some relationships and identities in a small area, which is also a manifestation of art and culture.

In the end, we say the words "test" and "妣", and these two words are actually related to a certain extent. In fact, the word "test" refers to the father, and the "妣" refers to the mother. These two words are actually to show that this is a monument erected by the children of the tomb owner to its parents, and it is also a word to illustrate a kind of kinship, which is very exquisite.

Nowadays, since many people don't understand these two words, they are also effectively replaced by "father" and "mother", which will be more intuitive.

The difference is that the people they worship are different, the first is the father, the second is the mother, and the third is the grandfather.

The difference is the issue of marriage first and marriage later, and some will have different statements according to age, such as the age of the exam.

The first refers to one's husband, the second refers to his wife, and the third refers to his father-in-law.

Chinese civilization has a long history and a long history of culture, and there is a lot of attention paid to the use of Chinese characters alone. In addition, the use of Chinese characters on different occasions also has different meanings, and if you are not careful, you may make a joke. Since ancient times, after the death of relatives in China, there are inscriptions on the tombstone to indicate the identity of the deceased or to express thoughts to the deceased, which can also be used to summarize the merits of the deceased's life, the reputation of the people, etc., for example, when sweeping the tomb, you will often see the four words of the deceased, Xian, Kao, and Yan on the tombstone in the countryside, so what do these four words mean on the tombstone?

First of all, the word "therefore" on the rural tombstone has the meaning of missing in reality, but when it is placed on the tombstone, it means death, and it also means that the deceased person is closer to himself, such as if there are elders or close relatives in the family. Then, you can engrave the word deceased on the tombstone to express your feelings of missing your deceased elders or relatives. <>

Secondly, the word "xian" on the tombstone literally means exposed, but what is evident on the tombstone is that the deceased was very virtuous and famous during his lifetime. In some places, the word "first" can sometimes be used interchangeably, and it is generally a kind of respect for one's relatives. And the word "xian" on the tombstone is even higher.

Virtue is more noble, and the reputation of the deceased is more far-reaching, which is still the meaning of a hundred generations. Moreover, in some places, the word "first" indicates that only one of the parents has died, and if the word "xian" is used, it means that both parents are gone. <>

Finally, for "Kaoyu", the use of these two words is also very particular, and there are often words such as mourning Kaoyu. Kao is the meaning of the father, and Yan is the meaning of the mother. Therefore, when carving tombstones in the countryside, we must distinguish clearly, otherwise there will be jokes, and these four words can be used in any combination, such as Gu Xian, Xian Xian, so Xian Yan, etc., all have different meanings.

Therefore, it refers to a deceased friend, Xian refers to a deceased dignitary, rich and powerful person, Kao refers to the deceased father, and Yan refers to the deceased mother.

Therefore, it means that the person has died, which obviously refers to the honorific words for the ancestors, Kao refers to the dead father, and Yan refers to the dead mother.

It is a description of the identity of the deceased, for example, the first reason is a person with a relatively high status, the second is a high-ranking nobleman, the third is a person who has lost his wife, and the fourth is a person who has lost his husband.

Chinese culture has a long history and rich historical heritage, and China has a vast land and vast land area, and different places have different local customs, but in the book records, "obvious" and "first" are synonymous.

The introduction of the Chinese character "先考, 先妣, Xiankao, Xian 妣".

Today's social and economic development is rapid, and the process of urbanization is getting faster and faster. However, the number and proportion of the rural population is still high, but the modern countryside has changed dramatically compared to the past. For the people in the past, the countryside was synonymous with backwardness.

In the past, not only were the rural areas economically backward and lacked materials, but the feudal superstitions of the peasants were also far behind those of the cities. Although the former countryside was lacking in many aspects, the simplicity and kindness of the rural people were lovely and welcome.

The name "Xian" has two meanings, that is, the owner is illustrious, and the younger generation respects the ancestors. There are two common ways to write tombstones, first test and first follow, which indicate that the deceased is the father and mother of the person who erected the tombstone, respectively. We need to combine the words "bereavement".

We believe that we have seen the word "bereavement" in our study of ancient Chinese, which describes the sadness of someone who is very important to us, such as their parents, who have passed away.

So, "exam" refers to our parents. "Kao" refers to the deceased father, while the feminine "Yan" refers to the deceased mother. This custom has been handed down since ancient times and can be used together with "xian" and "xian".

In ancient times, when a high-status family built a tomb, they often liked to engrave a prominent character on the tombstone to show that their family status was extraordinary, and their ancestors had a very prominent experience before.

Not only that, in addition to feudal superstition, there are many parts of rural culture that are worthy of inheritance and scrutiny. Rural people have a high sense of clan, they attach great importance to "rules" and "etiquette", and they have strict standards. Some etiquette and systems, although relatively old-fashioned, play a role in regulating people's behavior to a certain extent.

For example, in order to let their children understand etiquette, some families will teach their children to respect the old and love the young from an early age. The common writing of tombstones are: so the first, so the first test, so the test, so the test.

Therefore, the first test means that the deceased ancestor is the mother, so the first test means that the deceased ancestor is the mother.

Therefore means to pass away, which means "deceased".

The usage of the word "xian" is different in different places, and some places may use "first", and the meaning of different words is also different. For example, in the author's hometown, if only one of the parents has died, then use the word "first", and if both have passed away, then use the word "xian".

The common word on the tombstone in the countryside is "Xian Kao, Xian Yan", and the distribution is the honorific title of one's father and one's mother, and sometimes the word "so" is added in front, such as "so Xian Kao, so Xian Yan", which means that their father and mother who have passed away, which is a good name for them.

In the countryside, the words on the tombstone are explained:

Therefore, it means that he has died and passed away, but if the word death or death is engraved directly on the tombstone, it will appear disrespectful to the deceased, so the word death will be used on the tombstone instead of the word death. Therefore, the word is generally used on the tombstones of ordinary people or unidentified deceased.

It is obvious that he is older and has prestige within the clan.

Kao: It's a name for my father.

妣: A name for a mother.

I express different feelings, and they are related to the people who helped me hold the ceremony, and they represent different identities.

The words that often appear on the tombstones in the countryside are "therefore, obvious, examined, and concubine", and their meanings are different, and the identities of the ancestors represented are also different, although it is only one word, but if it is confused, it will cause serious errors. "Therefore" means the past, and in the tombstone, it means the deceased. The word "xian" has the meaning of "obvious" and "manifest" in Chinese, and when used on the deceased ancestors, it highlights the "virtuous deeds" of the deceased, which is admirable.

The words "kao" and "妣" are used in conjunction with the word "first", and the word "first" indicates the past and expresses respect for the deceased. The words "Kao" and "妣" originally came from the Book of Poetry "Erya", representing parents, and later people split and used them to represent father and mother, respectively. Because these two words have special meanings, even if the rural people in the past were not highly educated, they would not be mistaken about these two words.

The meaning of a dead son, a dead daughter, a dead parent, a dead husband, and the deceased relatives are very different.

This represents different identities, different statuses, different relationships with the people who erect the monument, and the words used are also different, and the difference is relatively large.

The four words "therefore, Xian, Kao, and Yan" are common words on the tombstone, among them: so it means the death, the prominent and noble ancestors, the Kao means the father, and the mother means the mother.

Although the four characters are all used on the tombstone, they have their own etiquette and customs requirements when they are used.

1. Therefore. "Therefore" is the meaning of death and ancestors, and in our culture, "death" is a very taboo word, so the ancestors used the word "death" instead of death.

At the same time, the word "therefore" on the tombstone also represents the person who erected the monument, which means that it is the descendant of the deceased.

2. Display. With the title of "obvious", there are two meanings of indicating the identity of the owner and the descendants of the ancestors of the honorific name, and the more common tombstone writing methods have two kinds of Xiankao and Xianyu, which respectively represent the meaning that the deceased is the father and mother of the person who erected the monument.

In ancient times, when building mausoleums, noble families often liked to carve a prominent word on the tombstone to show that their family status was extraordinary, and their ancestors had a very prominent experience in their lives.

3. Examination, concubine.

The word Kao and Yan have appeared in the divination as early as the Shang and Zhou dynasties, and the "Shangshu Shundian" records: "The emperor is falling, and the people are like mourning. ”

The words "Kao and Yan" here refer to the father and mother.

Erya said: The father is the test, and the mother is the concubine.

The meaning of Kaoyu and parents conflicts, and Kaoyu often appears in articles reminiscing about the deceased, so in order to please good luck, the ancients usually did not call their parents by Kaoyu when their parents were still there.

In the process of evolution, Kaoyu has extended from parents to deceased "grandparents" and "great-grandparents", so the word Kaoyu that we see now does not only refer to the relationship between the deceased and the person who erected the monument is father and son or mother and son.

Next, let's talk about the meaning of the past, Xian and Kaoyu together.

The more common ways to write in the tombstone are: so the first concubine, so the first examination, so the examination, so the Xianyu.

Among them, the ancestor refers to the deceased ancestor is the mother, so the first examination refers to the deceased ancestor is the mother, so the Xian examination refers to the deceased father's high social status or high morality and respect ...... the descendants

It should be noted that when the word kao Yan appears on a tombstone at the same time, the order in which the words Kao and 妣 are written is something to pay attention to.

The order in which Kaoyu is written is the common saying we often say: male left, female right.

The above is the meaning and difference between the four words "therefore, obvious, examined, and concubine".