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According to the nature and function of banks, China's banks at this stage are divided into three categories: ** banks, commercial banks, and policy banks.

A commercial bank is an enterprise legal person whose main business is to engage in industrial and commercial deposits and loans, and whose main business objective is to make bank profits.

Commercial banks are divided into two categories: "wholly state-owned commercial banks" and "other commercial banks".

1. Among them, the "wholly state-owned commercial banks" mainly include Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Agricultural Bank of China, Bank of China and China Construction Bank.

2. The "other commercial banks" mainly include Bank of Communications, China Everbright Bank, Huaxia Bank and China Merchants Bank.

City commercial banks can be roughly divided into three categories: the first type is cross-regional city commercial banks, whose business areas have broken through the provincial region, and the scope of such city commercial banks is relatively large, such as Bank of Beijing, Baoshang Bank, etc. The second type is provincial city commercial banks, which generally operate within the province and are found in all provinces.

The third category is the city-level city commercial bank, which is limited to the city and is the smallest of the three categories.

China's commercial banks are classified according to their capital adequacy ratios.

The Measures for the Management of Capital of Commercial Banks (Draft for Comments) (hereinafter referred to as the "Measures"), which will be implemented on January 1, 2012, have been officially released to the public for public comment. In view of the fact that the capital adequacy ratio of domestic banks is much higher than the minimum capital requirement, the Measures have made significant changes to the classification standards and methods of commercial banks, and divided commercial banks into four categories according to the level of capital adequacy ratios, namely: Category 1 banks (banks that meet the capital regulatory requirements of all four levels); Category 2 banks (banks that meet the first three tiers of capital requirements [minimum capital requirement, reserve capital requirement and countercyclical capital requirement, additional capital requirement], but do not meet the fourth tier of capital requirements [Pillar 2 capital requirement]); Category 3 banks (banks that only meet the first tier of capital requirements [minimum capital requirements], but do not meet the other three tiers of capital requirements [reserve capital requirements and countercyclical capital requirements, additional capital requirements and second pillar capital requirements]; Category 4 banks (banks that do not meet the minimum capital requirements).

The differences between investment banks and commercial banks are:

1. The service is not the same as zhixiang: investment bank dao

Mainly serving the capital market, this.

It is a sign that distinguishes commercial banks. The business objects of commercial banks are not ordinary commodities, but money and capital.

2. The scope is different: The scope of commercial banking business activities is not in the field of production and circulation, but in the field of money and credit. The business scope of investment banks is issuance underwriting risk, brokerage business risk, proprietary business risk, and market maker business risk.

3. Particularity is different: As a special bank, commercial banks are different from first-class banks and policy-based financial institutions in terms of business nature and business objectives. It is for the purpose of profit, and emphasizes the principles of profit-making, safety and liquidity in the process of operation, and is not subject to administrative interference.

Investment banks are the main financial intermediaries in the capital market and are subject to ** intervention.

Commercial BAI

Banks are financial services for the purpose of making profits

Financial institutions, in accordance with the DAO banking regulations that are more common in the world, banks must implement the principle of "business operation", that is, in addition to absorbing savings deposits, issuing commercial or consumer loans and related derivative businesses, commercial banks are not allowed to conduct any form of other financial business, such as public offerings, etc., that is, commercial banks are not allowed to enter the field of investment banking business. But commercial banks can become investment banks that issue or sell bonds, etc., and charge a certain fee from them.

There is no precise definition of investment bank, but the general investment bank is mainly engaged in ** market business, does not operate traditional commercial banking business, and does not directly conduct business for individual residents. Underwriting, initial public offerings of venture companies, reissuance of enterprises, participation in mergers and acquisitions, etc., are common investment banking services. In my country, investment banks are the best companies, Song Guoliang's "Investment Banking" says so, this book is good, and it is very helpful to understand investment banks.

The classification of banks is generally divided into ** banks (the legal tender issuing unit of a country, "banks of banks"), commercial banks, and policy banks (institutions through which a country** indirectly supports its foreign trade or infrastructure); Generally speaking, investment banks are not banks, but with the process of financial industry reform, many financial holding companies have emerged, which are a bit like a hybrid of commercial banks and investment banks.

In China, the first business institutions are mainly all kinds of ** companies and trust and investment companies and ** management companies, and many foreign countries have made this becoming"Investment Banking".

Investment banking in the broad sense refers to any financial institution that operates financial business on Wall Street, including almost all financial activities such as **, international marine insurance and real estate investment.

Investment banking in a broader sense: refers to financial institutions that operate all capital market businesses, including underwriting and brokerage, corporate finance, mergers and acquisitions, advisory services, asset management, venture capital, etc., and excluding real estate brokerage, insurance and mortgage businesses compared with the first definition.

Investment banking in the narrower sense: refers to financial institutions that operate part of the capital market business, including underwriting and brokerage, corporate finance, mergers and acquisitions, etc., and compared with the second definition, it does not include innovative businesses such as venture capital, management and risk management tools.

Investment banking in the narrow sense: limited to financial institutions engaged in primary market underwriting and capital raising, secondary market trading and brokerage.

Difference Between Investment Banking and Commercial Banking.

Project Investment Banking.

Commercial bank. Origin business.

Investment: **Underwriting.

Business: Deposits and loans.

Function Investment: Direct financing, with a focus on long-term financing.

Business: Indirect financing, with a focus on short-term financing.

Business Overview. Investment: It cannot be reflected in assets and liabilities.

Quotient: on-balance sheet and off-balance sheet business.

Primary Profits**.

Vote: Commission. Business: Deposit and loan spreads.

Business Policies and Principles.

Investment: Pay more attention to development under the premise of risk control.

Business: Pursue the combination of profitability, security and liquidity, and adhere to the principle of stability.

Regulatory Authorities. Investment: Mainly the first management agency.

Business: **Banks.

Risk characteristics. Investment: In general, investors face greater risk, while investment banks face less risk.

Business: In general, depositors face less risk, while commercial banks face greater risk.

Investment banks are not allowed to take deposits, but commercial banks are allowed to take deposits.

1. Bank of China is copying.

Commercial banks are commercial banks. bai

2. According to the nature of the bank.

DU and functional planning.

At this stage, China's banks are divided into three categories: ** banks, commercial banks, and policy banks.

3. The full name of Bank of China is Bank of China Limited (BOC), the head office is located at No. 1 Fuxingmennei Street, Beijing, and is one of the five state-owned commercial banks.

4. Bank of China's business scope covers commercial banking, investment banking, insurance and aviation leasing, and its subsidiaries include Bank of China Hong Kong, Bank of China International, Bank of China Insurance and other holding financial institutions, providing financial services to individual and corporate customers around the world.

5. As the most internationalized and diversified bank in China, Bank of China provides customers with comprehensive financial services in Chinese mainland, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan and 37 countries. It is mainly engaged in commercial banking business, including corporate finance business, personal finance business and financial market business.

In July, the British magazine The Banker published its 2013 ranking of the world's 1,000 largest banks, ranking ninth, in line with the 2012 ranking. In addition, the World Brand Lab released the results of the 2012 "China's 500 Most Valuable Brands", and Bank of China ranked 10th with a brand value of 100 million yuan, up one place from 2011 and ranked second in the banking industry.

Yes, it belongs to the commercial bank. According to the nature and function of the bank, bai

At present, there are three types of banks in China: ** banks, commercial banks, and policy DAO banks. The People's Bank of China is a ** bank; Commercial banks, Agricultural Bank of China, Bank of Communications, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, China Everbright Bank, Bank of China, China Construction Bank, China CITIC Bank, Postal Savings, etc., for commercial banks; The China Development Bank, or XX Development Bank, is a policy bank. Among them, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Agricultural Bank of China, Commercial Bank, China Construction Bank and Bank of Communications are the five major national commercial banks in China.

Bank of China, the full name of Bank of China (BankofChina

limited), head office (head

office) is located at No. 1 Fuxingmennei Street, Beijing. It is one of the five major state-owned commercial banks in Chinese mainland.

The four major banks of industry, agriculture, China, and construction are all commercial banks.

No, ICBC.

It is a type of commercial bank.

Chinese commercial banks may engage in the following businesses: absorbing deposits from the public and issuing loans; Handling domestic and foreign settlements, bill discounting, and issuance of financial bonds; Issuance, redemption, underwriting, trading of bonds; Engage in interbank lending.

Buying, selling, ** buying and selling foreign exchange; provision of letter of credit services and guarantees; **Receipt and payment and **insurance business, etc. According to the regulations, commercial banks are not allowed to engage in business other than bonds and non-bank financial business.

Rural commercial banks do not belong to ICBC. The two are not subordinate to each other.

Rural commercial banks are joint-stock local financial institutions formed by farmers, rural industrial and commercial households, enterprise legal persons and other economic organizations within their jurisdiction, and are restructured from rural credit cooperatives.

Jiang Liming, director of the Supervision Department of Cooperative Financial Institutions of the China Banking Regulatory Commission, said that no new rural cooperative banks will be established, and all rural cooperative banks will be restructured into rural commercial banks. Completely abolish the qualification unit, and encourage eligible rural credit cooperatives to be restructured and established into rural commercial banks. On the premise of maintaining the overall stability of the status of county (city) legal persons, we should steadily promote the reform of provincial associations, and gradually build a new type of relationship between provincial associations and grassroots legal persons with property rights as the link, equity as the link, and regulations as constraints, so as to truly form a community of interests between the provincial associations and the grassroots legal persons.

The proportion of qualified shares of rural credit cooperatives nationwide has dropped to less than 30 percent, about 303 rural commercial banks and about 210 rural cooperative banks have been established, and the total assets of rural banking institutions account for the total assets of rural cooperative financial institutions in the country. In addition, 1,424 rural credit cooperatives have met or basically met the conditions for the establishment of rural commercial banks. Through the reform, the governance model of rural credit cooperatives has undergone fundamental changes, the long-standing problem of insider control has been effectively solved, and the institutions themselves have formed an endogenous driving force to further promote the reform of the deep-seated system and mechanism.

Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) for short.

Founded in 1984, it is the first of the five largest banks in China, one of the world's top 500 enterprises, with the largest customer base in China, and the largest commercial bank in China. The Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) is the largest wholly state-owned commercial bank in China, and its basic task is to raise social funds through financing activities at home and abroad in accordance with the laws and regulations of the state, strengthen the management of credit funds, support the production and technological transformation of enterprises, and serve China's economic construction.

On January 29, 2014, ICBC signed a share purchase agreement, under which ICBC agreed to acquire 60% of the issued shares of Standard Bank Public **** from Standard Bank London Holdings, and Standard Bank Group **** signed the share purchase agreement as the guarantor of Standard Bank London's obligations under the share purchase agreement. In December 2014, ICBC's acquisition of Standard Bank was approved by the China Banking Regulatory Commission, the UK Prudential Regulation Authority and the South African Reserve Bank.

On June 22, 2016, the "World Brand Conference" hosted by the World Brand Lab was held in Beijing, at which the analysis report of the 13th "China's 500 Most Valuable Brands" in 2016 was released, and ICBC ranked among the top three. In August, ICBC ranked 4th among the top 500 Chinese enterprises in 2016.

1. The nature of commercial banks:

1 Commercial banks are enterprises and have the general characteristics of enterprises. For example, it must have its own capital required for business operation and meet the minimum capital requirements stipulated by the management department; must pay taxes in accordance with the regulations; Implement self-management, self-risk, self-responsibility for profits and losses, and self-restraint; To obtain profits for the purpose of business and development power.

2 Commercial banks are special enterprises – financial enterprises. The business objects of commercial banks are not ordinary commodities, but money and capital, and the scope of commercial banks' business activities is not in the field of production and circulation, but in the field of money and credit, and commercial banks are not enterprises directly engaged in the production and circulation of commodities, but enterprises that provide financial services to enterprises engaged in the production and circulation of commodities.

3 Commercial banks are special banks. As a special bank, commercial banks are different from first-class banks and policy financial institutions in terms of the nature and objectives of their operations. Commercial banks are profit-oriented, emphasizing the principles of profit-making, security and liquidity in the process of operation, and are not subject to administrative interference.

Secondly, commercial banks are also different from various types of professional banks and non-bank financial institutions. The business scope of commercial banks is extensive, complete and comprehensive, especially commercial banks can operate demand deposit business, and they can create deposit currency with the help of the check and transfer settlement system, so that they have the function of credit creation.

II. Legal Status of Commercial Banks:

Article 2 of the Commercial Bank Law stipulates that the term "commercial bank" as used in this Law refers to an enterprise legal person established in accordance with this Law and the Company Law of the People's Republic of China for the business of absorbing deposits from the public, issuing loans, handling settlements, etc. It clearly defines the status of commercial banks as corporate legal persons. The law also stipulates that commercial banks shall independently bear civil liability with all their legal person property, which is the meaning of commercial banks as enterprise legal persons.

Commercial banks independently bear civil liability with all their legal person property, which means that (1) the bank bears limited liability; (2) the bank bears limited liability with all its corporate assets; (3) The bank shall bear limited liability independently, and the state shall bear limited liability with the amount of its capital contribution, and shall not bear unlimited joint and several liability. As a legal person, a bank has the status of a legal person and a subject in law.

Banks currently exist in our country:

There are 3 policy banks (China Development Bank, Agricultural Development Bank, Export-Import Bank), 4 state-owned commercial banks (China, Agricultural, Industrial and Construction joint-stock commercial banks (Bank of Communications, CITIC, Huaxia, China Merchants, Everbright, Minsheng, Pudong Development, Shenzhen Development, Bohai, GF, Industrial Bank), and 110 city commercial banks.