Maupassant s The Necklace criticized what kind of social reality was there at that time?

The Necklace is the tragic story of Mathilde, the wife of a small civil servant, who spent ten years of hard work to compensate for a borrowed fake necklace. The author regrets the helpless situation of the heroine, who is unable to dress up despite her beautiful appearance; sympathy and regret for the misfortune that she almost lost her life and that of her husband for a fake necklace; She and her husband were commended for their honesty and fighting spirit in repaying the necklace. The vanity of the heroine is also criticized.

At the same time, the aristocratic class's extreme desire for luxury and the lifestyle that did not hesitate to deceive were attacked and exposed.

The conventional wisdom is that this ** sharply satirizes petty-bourgeois vanity and the pursuit of pleasure, and the unexpected ending deepens this irony, with a hint of sour exclamation in which there is sympathy for Mathilde. ** Finally, it is written that ten years of hardship is just for a fake, which is again a spicy irony of her.

Mathilde's vanity is not an individual phenomenon, but a product of class society, with a certain typicality. "The Necklace" satirizes the contemptible pursuit of vanity in class society, and helps us to understand the social causes of this ethos.

It is not the author's intention (and so should we, the readers) to make explicit value judgments about the characters; What interests him, or the dramatic changes that occur in the characters, are the powerlessness of man himself to do so.

The little man is helpless in the face of money, but has a relentless pursuit of personality, "The Necklace" portrays us as a woman who pursues human self-esteem and human dignity in the nineteenth-century French literary gallery, ten years of stars have changed, Mathilde's beauty and charm have been replaced by stout and hard-working, but her life goal of pursuing human self-esteem and protecting human dignity has always been clear, and her positive and enterprising thoughts have always been beautiful and lovely, although she also has the imprint of excessive pursuit of luxury life. But in a society where money is paramount, the pursuit of human dignity is a matter of giving.

criticized the vanity psychology of pursuing superficial material things too much at that time. It also shows that at that time, it was a common social phenomenon. It has very profound practical significance.

It criticizes the tragic story caused by the huge gap between the rich and the poor in society at that time, the high society was prosperous, and the common class was desperate to squeeze into the upper class.

This ** is mainly about a little** wife who borrowed a necklace in order to attend a banquet, but the necklace was lost, and she could only rely on her part-time job to return the necklace, and was told that the necklace was fake, vividly criticizing the decadent social atmosphere at that time, and satirizing those who love vanity.

Summary. **The beginning describes that she often cries for days, sad and remorseful, ......In particular, the description of the yearning for high society, from the heart of the personality characteristics, do a good job of rendering and foreshadowing the plot, and achieve a fascinating and romantic effect.

What method is used in the plot of Maupassant's "The Necklace"?

Hello! I'll summarize it briefly as follows:

The Necklace is a work by the famous French writer Maupassant with "exquisite conception and surprising layout".

The clues of "borrowing the chain - losing the chain - buying the chain - returning the chain" are clearly arranged, and the necessary plot transformation for the development of the event is made to pave the way.

The second is layering, the third is contrasting, and the fourth is the suspense technique to organize the plot of **. Make it work as a whole.

**The beginning describes that she often cries for days, sad and remorseful, ......In particular, the description of the yearning for high society, from the heart of the personality characteristics, do a good job of rendering and foreshadowing the plot, and achieve a fascinating and romantic effect.

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The article was written in 1884 at a time of economic crisis in France, in which French society was in the process of completing the transition from capitalist society to imperialist primitive accumulation, in which a few became capitalists with huge assets and the majority became poor. At this time, Maupassant lost his job as a staff member of the Admiralty, and lost the position introduced by Flaubert, and became a pauper, and in this situation, he wrote this article.

Maupassant was born at a time when French capitalism was moving towards the stage of imperialist development, in which he witnessed the rapid corruption of capitalist society, deeply hated the vile and filthy bourgeoisie, and sympathized with the humiliated and damaged lower classes. This view of society determines the basic idea of his creation. In his works, if his long stories expose and criticize the ugly inside story of the upper strata of capitalist society, then his short stories mainly reflect the life of the lower strata of capitalism.

Some of them satirize the tragedies caused by the greed for vanity and the pursuit of pleasure by ordinary citizens; Some reveal the tragedies and scandals caused by the capitalist system to love and marriage; There are also those that depict the bleak state of capitalist society and the misery of the working people.

Maupassant was good at writing small characters with short and concise **. The subject matter of these works is rich and diverse, involving almost all aspects of social life at that time, although most of them are some daily themes, written about ordinary things, but it is a true portrayal of the capitalist lower society, so it can obtain profound and broad social significance, coupled with the style of the first natural and simple, the language is vivid and concise, novel and unique in artistic conception and description techniques, unconventional, so a century later, it is still full of artistic and ideological vitality.

The article is well written, a mirror of humanity in society, and has a lot of depth.

Mathilde was a "beautiful woman" who adhered to the basic principles of being a human being and upheld her dignity. There is a lot of helplessness in life, especially for a little woman like her, who has no power or money. Ephemeral vanity, seen as an expensive necklace, a lifetime of burden.

This is undoubtedly the greatest sorrow of the petty bourgeoisie, represented by Mathilde. However, when Mathilde confronts the fateful life changes that will determine the fate of the rest of her life, it is not difficult to find that this innocent and pure little woman, who has fantasized all day long, actually has a strong soul and amazing courage.

But the author's purpose is not to affirm or deny any Mathilde, but to intensify the drama of fate that even the characters themselves dare not believe. This turn of events was sudden, and it was a blow to the thoughtless and deliberate Siltilde and the reader—the necklace for which Mathilde had spent ten years of hard work turned out to be a fake! This is exactly the kind of shock that Maupassant pursued with his meticulous use of ** technique:

The dramatic revelation of man's powerlessness in the face of fate is also a concentrated expression of Maupassant's pessimistic ideas. Man is vulnerable, passive, and always under the control of fate. A very small thing can make a person change from nothing to being, and from existence to nothingness, and all human ideals, pursuits, longings, and vain will eventually return to nothing—emptiness, and Qin Xiaoxiao has no value or meaning.

Categories: Culture Art >> Literature.

Problem description: Thank you. Analysis:

However, Wu Tingmei believes: "According to the character system, storyline and environment of the times, we have every reason to say that the expression of "Necklace" is neither a pessimistic outlook on life, nor a satire and criticism of the petty bourgeoisie's psychology of 'loving vanity and chasing flashiness' and 'the inferior nature of climbing up'." ...The author believes that what this ** focuses on revealing is the following two meanings:

First of all, "The Necklace" reveals the contradictions and conflicts between people and fate, people and society, expresses the pain and helplessness of the lives of ordinary people in the middle and lower classes, and embodies the humanitarian spirit of Maupassant and Lee.

Secondly, ** reveals a truth of life from the front: life is an uneven road, and there will be many unexpected and sudden setbacks and misfortunes, but as long as people dare to face the challenges of fate and dare to be responsible for themselves and others, they will eventually overcome the difficulties of the hidden circle and get out of the cold winter, which is the positive meaning and enlightening value of **. ”[10]

Others think so: "Through a series of misfortunes brought about by the loss of the necklace to a petty bourgeois couple, the author shows us the social reality of the social trend of drunkenness and wealth and the huge gap between the rich and the poor at that time. ”[11]

As it is said that "a thousand people read Hamlet, there are a thousand Hamlets", any good work of literature will always give people unlimited opportunities to interpret the text. I think that the reason why "The Necklace" is interpreted in such a state is related to the interpreter's standard or method of interpretation on the one hand, and on the other hand, it is also related to the interpreter's cultivation and other factors.

In my impression, the average Chinese teacher is not very considerate of the interpretation of the theme of the text of "The Necklace". Even if there are different versions that teachers attach importance to interpretation, they are often suspicious of how to teach students to interpret the content of the text.