Righteous and upright, leaving the righteous man to rush to the clouds, resentful and angry, and wr

Sima Qian Sima Qian (145 BC or 135 BC ?) Historian of the Western Han Dynasty and a literary scholar. The character is long, and he is a native of Xiayang, Zuo Fengyi (now southwest of Hancheng, Shaanxi).

Born in the fifth year of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty (145 BC), one said that he was born in the sixth year of the founding of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (135 BC), and the year of his death cannot be examined. Sima Qian began to study ancient texts at the age of 10. About in the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty Yuanguang and Yuan Shuo, he learned "Ram Spring and Autumn" from the modern writer Dong Zhongshu, and learned "Ancient Wenshangshu" from the ancient writer Kong Anguo.

At the age of 20, he roamed south from Chang'an, the capital of Beijing, and traveled all over the Jianghuai River Basin and the Central Plains, inspecting customs and collecting legends wherever he went. Soon Shi was Langzhong, became the guard and servant of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and traveled to the west many times, and once sent an envoy to Bashu. In the third year of Yuan Feng (108 BC), Sima Qian succeeded his father Sima Tan and served as Taishi Ling, in charge of the astronomical calendar and royal books, so he had to read the books collected by the historians.

In the first year of Taichu (104 BC), the "Taichu Calendar" was compiled with Tang Du and Luoxiahong to replace the "Zhuan Calendar" inherited by Qin, and the new calendar adapted to the needs of the society at that time. After that, Sima Qian began to write the "Historical Records". Later, for defending Li Ling, who surrendered to the Xiongnu, he was convicted and imprisoned and was tortured by corruption.

After being released from prison, he served as the secretary of the Zhongshu order, continued to write books with anger, and finally completed the writing of the "Historical Records". People call his book "Taishi Gongshu". It is the first general history of China in the form of a chronicle, which has a far-reaching influence on the historiography of later generations.

Sima Qian also wrote the "Book of Reporting to Ren'an", which recorded his imprisonment and ambition to write a book, which has been praised by all generations.

The character of uprightness, righteousness goes straight to the sky. Although he was punished and suffered, he still wrote a historical record for a thousand years.

Sima Qian. In his twenties, in order to prepare to inherit the career of his father Sima Tan, he wore a wrap on his back and straw sandals on his feet, far away from his hometown alone, starting from Chang'an, Beijing, and traveled all over the Yellow River, north and south of the river, roaming the famous mountains and rivers, contacting the land and people of the Han world, observing the ancient and contemporary history on the spot, and listening to the fisherman talk about the Chu State with tears on the banks of the Miluo River.

The great poet Qu Yuan.

the story of throwing himself into the river; On the Jiuzhi Mountain, where there are thousands of green bamboos, he inspected the ancient emperor Shun.

The legend of the Legend; He climbed the famous Huijimen Mountain to inspect the place where Dayu controlled the water.

The shore of Taihu Lake and the Confucius Temple in Qufu have left his footprints. When he passed through the ancient battlefield Pengcheng.

At that time, he was physically tired and lived in poverty, but he still insisted on visiting Kaifeng and other places and completed the roaming plan. He traveled almost all the territory of the Western Han Dynasty at that time. The beautiful scenery of the motherland and vivid folklore left an indelible impression on his mind, forming a magnificent historical picture scroll, which later wrote the "Historical Records" for him

A solid foundation has been laid.

is upright, and he stays upright; Sad and angry, he wrote a letter to the history of the world. This is the couplet of Sima Qian Ancestral Hall in Hancheng, and the author cannot be examined. You are corrupt punishment, and the letter history refers to the historical records, and it is Sima Qian.

The general idea of the couplet is that the character of uprightness and righteousness goes straight to the sky. Although he was punished and suffered, he still wrote a historical record for a thousand years. Sima Qian.

This is the couplet of Sima Qian Ancestral Hall in Hancheng, and the author cannot be examined. You are corrupt punishment, and the letter history refers to the historical records, and it is Sima Qian. The general idea of the couplet is that the character of uprightness and righteousness goes straight to the sky. Although he was punished and suffered, he still wrote a historical record for a thousand years.

Sima Qian: (145 BC - 90 BC), the character is long, a native of Xiayang (now Hanchengnan, Shaanxi), a native of Longmen (now Hejin, Shanxi). He was a great historian, writer, and thinker of the Western Han Dynasty in China.

Sima Tan's son, Ren Taishi Ling, was punished by the palace for defending Li Ling's defeat, and later served as Zhongshu Ling. He continued to complete the historical books he wrote, and was honored by later generations as Shi Qian, Taishi Gong, and the father of history.

C test question analysis: This sentence is now a couplet in the dedication hall of Sima Qian Ancestral Hall in Hancheng, and the previous sentence is to praise his upright conduct and fair and objective attitude towards historical facts. For example, his evaluation of Liu Bang and Xiang Yu does not judge heroes by success or failure.

The latter sentence states that he angered Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty because of his defense of the general Li Ling, and was sentenced to corruption. But in order to complete the "Historical Records", he resolutely endured humiliation and survived. Today, the "Records of the Historians" is the first of the 24 histories.

The history of the letter refers to the "Historical Records".

Sima Qian, because everyone said it was Sima Qian. Hee-hee!

Sima Qian. It was written by Sima Qian. And "letter history" refers to the "Historical Records" or "Taishi Gongshu".

Sima Qian was born in a family of historians, and his father Sima Tan was a great historian, and he had a strong desire to write history, all of which had a great impact on Sima Qian. On the one hand, the strong cultural atmosphere has made it a good cultural influence since childhood, and it has a profound quality of praise and a firm ambition to write history; After entering the officialdom, he had the opportunity to consult with Kong Anguo, Dong Zhongshu and other masters of modern and ancient literature and scriptures; After making the Taishi Order, he took advantage of the unique conditions to browse a large number of documents and materials collected by the National Library. On the other hand, the family honor of "Sima's Shidian Zhou History" made him very proud.

The strong desire to write history, inspired by this sense of pride, became one of the powerful pillars for Sima Qian to realize the value of his life.

The direct motivation for Sima Qian to write the "Historical Records" is: in the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (110 BC), Sima Tan died of illness, and three years later he succeeded his father as Taishi Ling, and read and sorted out the historical materials of the National Library, and began the preparatory work for writing the "Historical Records". In the third year of the Tianhan Dynasty (98 years ago), Li Ling was defeated and surrendered to the Xiongnu, Sima Qian defended Li Ling, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was furious, imprisoned Sima Qian and sentenced him to corruption, and after he was released from prison, he was allowed to hold the position of Zhongshu Ling that only eunuchs could hold.

This unfortunate encounter made him extremely resentful and painful, but it also inspired Weisun Zheng's determination to "write books with anger", he endured humiliation and pain, and completed the "Historical Records" as the only spiritual pillar for him to live.

In short, judging from Sima Qian's background, experience and mentality, the strong desire to write history inspired by his family's sense of honor is the internal cause and the most fundamental driving force for his writing "Historical Records"; Kaihe's mood of "writing books with anger" stimulated by the "Disaster of Li Ling" was the external reason for him to complete the "Historical Records", and this encounter gave him a deeper understanding of the nature of history.