What are the symptoms of spinal fissures in children, symptoms of spina bifida

Neurological symptoms are related to the degree of involvement of the spinal cord and spinal nerves, the more common neurological symptoms are paralysis of the lower limbs, incontinence, etc., such as the lesion site in the lumbosacral region, the appearance of flaccid paralysis and muscle atrophy of the lower limbs, the loss of sensation and tendon reflexes, the lower limbs are mostly manifested by low temperature, bruising and edema, prone to trophic ulcers, and even gangrene, often muscle contractures, sometimes hip dislocations, lower limbs often show clubfoot deformity, often incontinence, some mild cases, neurological symptoms may be very mild, Neurological symptoms often worsen with the age of the child, which is related to the fact that the spinal canal grows faster than the spinal cord, and the traction on the spinal cord and spinal nerves gradually increases.

2. Classification. Posterior spina bifida can be divided into the following categories:

1. Spina bifida occulta: This type of deformity is common, only spinal canal defect, spinal cord itself is normal, so there are no neurological symptoms, no impact on health, in the past, it was thought that this disease is related to enuresis or other urinary tract diseases, but in fact, the incidence of latent spina bifida is similar in normal children and children with urinary tract diseases, and there are often some abnormalities on the defect site, such as a handful of hairs, dimples, moles, pigmentation, There may be a congenital cyst or lipoma on the defect, such as thickening of the subcutaneous fat, and the diagnosis can be confirmed by X-ray.

2. Spina bifida accompanied by meningocele: there is a cyst at the site of the spinal defect, which occurs more in the lumbosacral region, the mass is round, it may grow very large, there is only meningeal and cerebrospinal fluid in it, there is no spinal cord and other nervous tissue, there is no paralysis or other neurological symptoms in children with simple meningocele, if the outside of the cyst wall is normal, the mass rarely causes secondary infection, if the cyst wall is very thin or has been broken, it often forms cerebrospinal fluid leakage or infection.

3. Spina bifida accompanied by myelomeningocele (meningomyelocele): mostly occurs in the lumbosacral region, can also be seen in the back, the lump is round, may be as big as an orange, in addition to the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid, there is also nerve tissue, the outside is covered with a very thin **, in the central area may only be covered with translucent meninges, in newborns, sometimes only granulation tissue, it is easy to have ulcer formation, spinal cord tissue enters the upper part of the mass, nerve fibers are widely distributed in the mass, Then from the lower part back to the spinal cord part of the spinal canal, dysplastic spinal cord, nerves, spinal membranes, vertebral muscles are often connected with **, some children have no capsule, and no ** cover, spinal cord valgus deformity, such patients almost all have paralysis of the lower limbs and incontinence, some patients are complicated with hydrocephalus, sacral myelomeningocele occurs under the exit of the lumbosacral plexus, the lower limbs are not paralyzed, but the urine and urine are still incontinent, and urine dripping can be seen when the newborn cries, and the baby boy can not ejaculate normally.

Symptoms of spina bifida1. Meningocele type:

The pathological changes are mainly due to the meninges bulging outward through the defective vertebral plate to reach the subcutaneous area, forming a cyst-like mass in the middle of the back, except for a few nerve root tissues, mainly for cerebrospinal fluid filling, so the light transmission test is positive, the pressure has a fluctuating feeling, radicular symptoms appear when heavy pressure, when the abdominal pressure is increased or the child cries, the tension of the cystic substance increases, and the surface color is more normal; A few become thin, brittle and hard, and adhere to the dura.

2. Meningomyelocele:

Compared with the former, in addition to meningocele, the spinal cord itself also protrudes into the capsule, seen above the thoracolumbar segment, the bone defect behind the spinal canal is larger, the base of the bulging sac is wider, the light transmission test is mostly negative, spinal cord symptoms can occur when hand pressure is applied (compression examination should be avoided), and it is mostly accompanied by symptoms of nerve disorders in the lower limbs.

3. Meningeal (or meningomyelople) bulging type with adipose tissue:

That is, on the basis of the first two types, the sac is accompanied by an unequal amount of adipose tissue, which is rare.

4. Meningospinal cyst bulge type:

That is, meningomyelocele with hydrops in the spinal canal, this type of condition is serious, and there are many clinical symptoms, which is easy to develop normally due to complications and easy to die early.

5. Spinal cord valgus type:

That is, the spinal canal is completely dehiscence, exposed to the body surface in a valgus shape, accompanied by a large amount of cerebrospinal fluid overflow, and the surface can form a granulation surface, which is the most serious type, because it is mostly accompanied by other deformities of the lower limbs or the whole body, and there are mostly paralysis of both lower limbs, etc., the symptoms are complex, and the mortality rate is very high.

6. Front type:

What is spina bifida occultus? Do you know.

Fetal spina bifida is indeed a headache, and many people don't know what the cause is when they face these problems, and they don't know what to do to solve them. If parents have troubles in this regard, they can first understand the causes of spina bifida and take preventive measures. So what are the causes of fetal spina bifida?

A fetus with open spina bifida is a congenital malformation of the fetus. Fetal congenital malformations are not uncommon, and there are many reasons for the occurrence, mainly related to genetics, environment, food, drugs, viral infections, maternal and infant blood group incompatibility, etc. Spina bifida is a condition in which the spinal canal is partially not completely closed, and most defects of spina bifida are posterior.

The fetal spine begins to ossify at eight to nine weeks of pregnancy, and if the two halves of the vertebral body are not fused during the ossification process, spina bifida is formed, mostly born in the chest and waist, 18 weeks of pregnancy is the best time to find, and the performance is obvious after 20 weeks, the distance between the two rows of strong echo in the B type ultrasound and some spine lines is widened or formed at an angle of V or W, the spine is short, irregularly curved, incomplete, and can be accompanied by irregular cystic bulge. In severe cases, the pregnancy may be terminated.

In early pregnancy, if the mother is deficient in folic acid, it can cause neural tube defects in newborns. A significant lack of folic acid in the first four weeks of pregnancy can lead to abnormalities in the neural tube of the fetus and eventually lead to serious consequences, one of which is spina bifida.

Fetal spina bifida is a common congenital malformation. It is caused by incomplete closure of the spinal canal during embryonic development. Associated with chemical or physical damage to the embryo during the first trimester of pregnancy.

Maternal health care (adequate folate intake during the mother) is important to prevent fetal malformations. Minor deformities such as absence of spinous processes or incomplete lamina closure can range from severe deformities. It can be performed within 48 to 72 hours of birth, and the repair surgery is delayed, and delaying the wall neural tube will increase the damage to the exposed spinal nerves, resulting in decreased motor function.

Function deteriorates gradually, with nearly 40% of patients developing ventriculitis. Careful consideration is required.

Regular consultation and examination in the eugenics clinic and obstetrics and gynecology, avoiding predisposing factors, and supplementing more folic acid and vitamins will generally not have a great impact, and you can get pregnant and give birth normally. Maternal folate deficiency in the first trimester can cause malformations of the neural tube in newborns. If a pregnant woman is infected with the influenza virus and has a fever during the first trimester, it can also affect the closure of the neural tube and cause spina bifida.

From the perspective of eugenics, couples who have a history of adverse pregnancy and childbirth should go to the hospital for relevant eugenic examinations before preparing for another pregnancy, so as to rule out the cause of fetal malformation to the greatest extent. One year after childbirth, you can prepare for pregnancy and take a moderate amount of folic acid. It's best to remove toxins from your body before conception, stop taking birth control pills (or remove implantable contraceptives), engage in regular activity, and eat a healthy diet.

After the pregnancy is confirmed, folic acid supplementation should be continued under the guidance of the doctor, and prenatal examinations should be done regularly to observe the development of the fetus in utero in a timely manner.

Occult spina bifida with long-standing voiding abnormalities or nocturnal enuresis or persistent neurological symptoms should be followed by surgery after careful examination**. The goal of surgery is to remove the fibrous and fatty tissue that compresses the nerve roots.