What are the construction plans for pond dredging, and what are the methods for cleaning pond silt?

River dredging and backfill construction plan.

Under normal circumstances, the pond is kept at 10-20

centimeter silt is beneficial for aquaculture production; If the limit is exceeded, it not only reduces the water body, but also increases the oxygen consumption of the pond water, which is easy to cause flooding accidents and fish diseases.

Therefore, the elimination of excessive sludge is a very important technical link. However, due to the large and arduous amount of dredging labor, often many production units have not been treated, and with the passage of time, the pond silt accumulates thicker and thicker, so that the production capacity is significantly reduced, and it is also not conducive to aquaculture operation. This mostly happens in fish farming10

For farms that have not been desilted for more than one year, the situation in some old ponds is even more serious.

In order to restore pond productivity, pond dredging must be carried out. The easiest way to desilt a pond is to drain the pond water, dry the mud, and then manually dig up the excess silt. But this method is too labor-intensive, too inefficient, and too slow, and people are often reluctant to adopt it.

In some places, the method of rotation of fish and rice, fish barnyard and fish and melon is adopted, and the pond mud is first used to plant rice to harvest rice, melon to harvest melon or barnyard as herbivorous fish green fodder, or part of it is used as green manure to cultivate fish fingerlings, scale fish, and shrinkage of natural bait. When the pond mud is dried, it is operated intensively with machinery (bulldozers, excavators, etc.), and the dredging is closely combined with pond maintenance and slope protection. Of course, this method is very effective, but it requires certain investment conditions to be implemented.

When the service life of the pond is short, the embankment is relatively complete, or the pond slope is hardened and does not require a lot of maintenance, the dredging ship modified by the turbidity current pump can be used to carry water dredging operations, and part of the silt will be transported to the pond embankment feed land (the ridge side is built to hold back the mud) as a green fertilizer, or transported to other low-concave shallow ponds, waste land, or at the end of the non-production season, most of the pond water is discharged, and a special dredging machine is used for dredging. At present, there are several types of dredging machinery such as mud pump type and winch type used in some areas.

The method of cleaning up the pond silt is as follows:

1) Remove excessive pond sludge, and insist on dredging in each production cycle (generally 3-4 years later), taking advantage of the rainless dry season in winter and spring. In order to keep the fertility and water quality of the fish pond relatively stable, the pond silt can be retained at a depth of 20cm. The method of dredging can be used to remove the silt by manual digging or electric machinery, or it can be combined with the two to carry out dredging, which is more thorough and meticulous.

The cleared silt should not be used as a pond embankment, otherwise it will be washed back into the fish pond by rain and rain, and the previous efforts will be wasted. The sludge contains a large amount of humus, which can be used as a high-quality fertilizer for rice, vegetables and fruits in farmland.

2) Completely expose the bottom of the pool to the freezing of the sun. After the dredging of the pond in winter, you can use the free time to drain the pond, so that the bottom of the pond receives sufficient wind, sun and freezing (referring to the northern region), after the sun irradiation and weathering, a small amount of silt at the bottom of the pond becomes relatively dry, loose and can kill pathogens and parasites (eggs) at the same time, improve the pond bottom quality, improve the fertility of the pond, and lay a good foundation for stocking in the spring of the following year to seize high yield and increase income.

3) Quicklime is applied. Quicklime (100 kg per mu) can not only kill fish parasites (eggs), pathogens, viruses, etc. that are hidden and thrived in the silt, but also stabilize the pH value. In addition, quicklime becomes calcium hydroxide when exposed to water, and absorbs carbon dioxide to form calcium carbonate, which can make the silt into a loose structure, improve the aeration conditions at the bottom of the pond, and accelerate the decomposition of organic matter by bacteria.

In the process of fish farming, there are many benefits of reasonable and regular application of quicklime.

A pond refers to a body of water that is smaller than a lake. The method of defining ponds and lakes is controversial. Generally speaking, the pond is too small to be crossed by rafts without the use of boats.

Another definition is that it allows people to cross safely without being completely flooded, or that the water is so shallow that sunlight can reach the bottom of the pond. A pond can also refer to an artificially constructed pool.

Usually ponds have no ground inlets. They all rely on natural groundwater sources and rainwater or are artificially diverted into the ponds. Because of this, the enclosed ecosystem of a pond is different from a lake.

The pool water is green a lot of the time because there is a lot of algae in it.

River dredging scheme River dredging construction plan (see Figure 2-1) Dredging construction method This project mainly includes subgrade clearing, excavation and transportation of spoiled earthwork, demolition of old structures, excavation of tree roots, etc. First of all, water is pumped and the sludge is removed. The type and quantity of submersible pumps to be pumped can be determined according to the amount of water in the cofferdam.

During the construction preparation period, it is necessary to fully prepare the required water pumps and related equipment. The silt is all removed to the undisturbed soil, the silt is concentrated, the loader is used to cooperate with the earthmoving truck to transport all the silt, and the dredging depth is determined according to the actual site, but it must be guaranteed that the silt is removed and the undisturbed soil layer is exposed. Due to the large amount of pumping work within the water area, it is necessary to organize reasonably to avoid the situation that the river water is reversed and damaged to replace the river pond.

After pumping water, the river pond is dredged in accordance with the order of construction organization, and the silt is transported to the designated place outside the site to prevent environmental pollution. During dredging, the silt is removed with an excavator according to the thickness of the silt, and the construction is squeezed to replace the fill while dredging. When dredging, two excavators are used to stand in position to excavate and remove silt, and when the two excavators are operating at the same time, they should keep a certain safety distance from each other to prevent the booms from colliding with each other.

Each river pond shall be measured by the surveyors of the project department before and after dredging, and draw the corresponding plan and section drawing, which shall be reviewed by the supervisor, and if necessary, the survey center designated by the owner shall send a special person to conduct a retest. Among them, the plan of the river pond shall indicate the geometric dimensions and its relative position with the roadbed; The cross-sectional diagram of the river pond should measure the elevation before and after the dredging of each measuring point, draw the dredging section diagram of the river pond, and calculate the dredging amount of the pond by using the dredging quantity calculation table of the river pond, which shall be used as the basis for quality assurance data and design changes after being signed by the superintendent. When dredging, in principle, it shall not exceed the design depth, if there is poor soil quality after the design depth, it must be judged by the on-site supervision, design representative and the owner's representative through on-site observation and testing, and then clear the silt. Sludge Stacking Problem:

The sludge with large flow plasticity is excavated and transported to the construction area in time to be stacked, and after drying, it is transported to the dump site. The sludge with less flow plasticity is transported directly to the dump site by dump trucks. The unusable earthwork such as concentrated silt shall be disposed of, and the on-site supervisor shall carry out the visa.

In the process of digging and hauling, it is necessary to be cautious and cautious to avoid polluting the driving route as much as possible. The dredging must be thorough, and the bottom of the pond must be dried after dredging.

Slurry pump dredging, the first condition of slurry pump dredging is the place where the mud needs to be stored, such as low-lying farmland. If this condition is met, the mud pump can be used to desilt the pond after drying. After the mud is delayed and precipitated and cracked, it can be transferred to the farmland vegetable garden as fertilizer.

If the pond silt is deep (it has not been cleared for many years), machinery such as bulldozers cannot operate, but the pond cannot be dredged with a mud pump, and the winter frozen layer dredging can be used to produce enough frost in the local winter.

Manual dredging, for inconvenient use of machinery (such as bulldozers, mud pumps) and small ponds (such as less than three acres), can be used for dredging. Before dredging, the dry pond is dried for a period of time, and the silt is dry enough to bear the weight of people.

1. Drain the pond water and dig out too much silt: The pond is dried once after a cycle of breeding (3 years), and the excessive silt in the pond is dug out after drainage. In general, it is more appropriate to retain a silt layer of about 20 cm in the pond.

2. Let the bottom of the pond be exposed to the sun and frozen: the pond drains the water, and the bottom of the pond is fully exposed to the wind and sun, or after freezing in winter, it has a good effect on improving the substrate.

3. Lime application: Lime is applied after the pond is drained, which can kill fish parasites, germs and insects and larvae harmful to fish that are hidden and multiplied in the silt; Neutralize various organic acids in the sludge, change the acidic environment, and make the pond slightly alkaline; It can make the nutrient exchange and release of the fixed absorption and fixation by the sludge, and increase the water fertility of the pond; It can improve the alkalinity and hardness of the pool water, and increase the buffering capacity.

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The best way to desilt a pond is to use professional dredging tools and techniques to ensure that the silt is removed and damage to the pond water environment is avoided. Here are some ways to desilt ponds:1

Manual dredging: Manual dredging is a simple method, but it takes a long time and a lot of work. This method is suitable for shallow pond depths.

2.Dredging Boat: The dredging boat is an efficient dredging tool, which is suitable for deep ponds or large water areas.

Dredging vessels usually use mechanical agitation to remove the silt and at the same time clean the surface of the pond. 3.Dredging Truck:

A dredging truck is a tool that can pour silt debris into a pond, and then remove the contents and extract them from the pond limbs. This method is suitable for ponds that require a large amount of dredging material.

The best methods of pond dredging are dredging with water and dredging of dry ponds.

1. Dredging with water

It is mainly used to carry out dredging work by using dredging machinery. Such as large dredging machinery: dredgers, he is more suitable for large reservoirs, lakes.

Small machinery: dredging machine, mud pump, this is more suitable for the dredging work of small and medium-sized ponds, and the labor and cost are relatively low, and now most of them choose this kind of machinery for dredging. It is important to emphasize here that when using a mud pump for dredging, you have to have a place to store the mud, and after the mud settles, you can also plant crops on it.

2. Dredging of dry ponds

It is more suitable for intensive ponds, especially when it is necessary to tidy up the pond ridge and tidy up the slope protection. However, the seasonality of the construction is strong, and it is generally necessary to rush for construction in the favorable time when the pond is empty and the water is dry after the adult fish are caught in winter.

The use of excavators and bulldozers for dry pond dredging is more common, provided that your pond has been dried, can withstand the weight of large machinery, and the efficiency is relatively high, of course, the cost is relatively high.

The necessity of clearing the pond

After a whole year of high-density farming, residues, feces, organic matter, etc. continue to be deposited, resulting in the deterioration of water quality and substrate, and the content of toxic substances such as nitrite and hydrogen sulfide exceeds the standard, which seriously affects the healthy growth of fish, shrimp and crab breeding animals.

The putrefaction substances in the water body decompose and consume a large amount of dissolved oxygen in the water body under the action of bacteria, resulting in the slow growth of fish, shrimp and crabs, the increase of bait coefficient, the frequent occurrence of diseases, and in severe cases, there will be phenomena such as pan-return to the pond and dead fish and dead shrimp.

Long-term aquaculture will lead to the slow depletion of aquatic biological resources in the pond, the annual environment of the water body will be damaged, the self-healing ability will be weakened, and eventually lead to the decline of aquaculture efficiency.