To clean the pond, what are the technical points of pond cleaning for aquaculture?

Ponds are places where fish live and live, as well as storage sites for fish pathogens. The cleanliness of the pond environment directly affects the health of the fish, and after one year of breeding in the pond, various pathogens will enter through different ways. In addition, the pond foundation water collapse and leakage, overgrown weeds, and the sedimentation of the pond bottom are too thick, which provides a suitable place for pathogens to reproduce.

Therefore, it is necessary to insist on cleaning and disinfecting ponds every year in order to achieve the purpose of preventing fish diseases. The main technical points of pond cleaning in aquaculture are:

1. Clean the pond.

Every winter, after the fish come out of the pond, drain the pond water, repair the pond ridge, pull out the weeds at the pond edge, and dig out too much silt, and let the bottom of the pond freeze and sun for about 1 week. In this way, the surface of the pond soil can be loosened, the aeration conditions can be improved, the conversion of organic matter in the soil into nutrients can be accelerated, and the purpose of eliminating pests and diseases can be achieved.

Second, the drug clears the pond.

In addition to breeding fish, ponds are often mixed with wild miscellaneous fish and shrimp and various organisms, such as bacteria, snails, mussels, green mud moss, aquatic insects, etc., some of which can cause fish to get sick, some are pathogens of the vector, and some will directly harm the farmed fish. Drug pond clearing can play a role in removing wild and eliminating pathogens, which is an important measure to prevent fish diseases.

Commonly used Qingtang drugs include quicklime, bleaching powder, tea cakes, ammonia, etc. Among them, quicklime, ammonia, and bleaching powder have many advantages. Quicklime can not only kill pathogens, intermediate hosts, animals carrying pathogens and predators in the pond, but also improve soil, water quality and fertilization. Ammonia, bleaching powder and quicklime have the same killing effect, and ammonia also has a fertilizing effect.

The sterilization effect of tea cakes is not large, and the disease prevention effect is slightly poor.

There are 2 ways to clean the pond with quicklime, one is to clean the pond with dry ponds, first drain the pond water or leave the water deep 5-10 cm, and use 50-75 kg of quicklime per mu (such as silt can increase the quicklime by about 10). When clearing the pond, dig a few small pits at the bottom of the pond, or use wooden barrels, etc., put the quicklime into the water to dissolve, and immediately splash it evenly around (including the foot of the embankment) without waiting for cooling, and it is best to use a rake to move the pond mud the next morning, and the disinfection effect is better. The other is to clear the pond with water, with an average water depth of 1 meter per mu with 120-150 kg of quicklime, usually put the quicklime into a wooden barrel or water tank to melt and immediately sprinkle the whole pond.

After 7-8 days, the fish can be released after the drug has worn off. Because the water has hardness, quicklime will react with magnesium, etc., and the disease prevention effect is better than that of dry pond clearing, but the amount of quicklime is larger and the cost is higher. Clearing the pond with quicklime can quickly kill wild trash fish, all kinds of eggs, aquatic insects, parasites and pathogenic bacteria, etc., and, due to the dissociation of alkali, neutralization reaction can occur, change the acid environment, make the pond slightly alkaline, and increase the content of calcium at the same time, providing nutrition for aquatic plants and animals.

Generally, it is cleaned from the bottom first, because there is a lot of dirt at the bottom, so first clean out all the animals inside, and use a drainage device to get out the feces of these animals.

When cleaning the pond, first of all, some garbage at the bottom of the pond should be cleaned regularly, and a large area should be disinfected, and some precautions should be made in the surrounding area.

When cultivating aquatic products, in winter, the pond should be drained and repaired, and the surrounding weeds should be pulled out, and too much taro paste should be spent to let the bottom of the water freeze and dry for a week. This can help the soil of the pond to loosen and improve the aeration conditions, which can convert the organic matter in the soil into nutrients.

Sunning: Drain the water first and expose it to the bottom of the pool to dry (subject to the whitening of the sand and the easy removal of pollutants); Removal: Manually remove the pollutants formed by bait, feces, dead shrimp, dead algae, organic detritus, etc., especially in the sewage discharge area.

Flushing: In the rainy season, or the dredging is difficult, or the sandy bottom pond needs to be washed with a high-pressure water gun to flush until the water is not black, remove the sludge at the bottom of the pond, and leave no odor. Flip:

In the non-rainy season, the drying method (tillage depth of 10 20 cm) can be used to improve soil aeration, promote air contact with soil, and fully oxidize and decompose organic matter.

The quality of water in aquaculture is very particular, we must pay attention to a living water, do not stagnant water, that is to say, we must frequently let the whole water in a flowing state.

If the water quality is turbid, then it can be filtered, the water can also be adjusted, the breeding method can be adjusted, and the frequency of feed feeding can be reduced.

Physical methods. In winter or early spring, the pond should be cleared and dredged, and 10cm and 20cm black sediment should be removed every 1-2 years. The bottom of the pool is then exposed to the sun to promote the decomposition of organic matter and eliminate pathogenic bacteria and parasites.

The dredging machinery used to clear the dredging is carried out, and the substrate is often stirred to mix the pool water up and down, promote the decomposition of organic matter at the bottom of the pond, release the nutrients deposited in the sediment, and promote the growth of algae; Aeration can also improve the bottom environment and slow down the black and odorous bottom sediment.

Pond disinfection.

Ponds are the basic environment for fish to survive and are also the storage sites for fish pathogens. In addition to some of the basic breeding conditions that the pond itself should have, many production measures are also applied to aquaculture animals through the pond water body. Therefore, it is essential to meet the habitat requirements of aquaculture animals to the greatest extent possible.

At the same time, thorough pond disinfection is the basis for creating a good breeding ecological environment. Therefore, the cleanliness of the pond environment will directly affect the health of fish, so we must pay attention to the pond cleaning and disinfection, which is an important link and one of the indispensable measures to prevent fish diseases and improve fish production. After one year of breeding in the pond, various pathogens enter through different ways, and the pond base water collapses and leaks, overgrown weeds, and the silt at the bottom of the pond is too thick, which provides a suitable place for the reproduction of pathogens.

Therefore, it is necessary to insist on cleaning and disinfecting ponds every year in order to achieve the purpose of preventing fish diseases.

There are two different technical approaches to growing aquatic leeks:

1: Build a planting trough at the bottom of the pond, spread at least 15 cm thick culture soil, and implant aquatic leeks in the soil;

Two: Plant the aquatic leeks in a container, and then sink the container into the water. There are pros and cons to both of the methods described above.

The method of planting aquatic leeks in containers and then sinking them into the water is more common because it is easy to move, for example, in the northern winter, the container must be taken out and stored to prevent severe cold; In the spring when changing soil, fertilizing, and dividing, the operation is also more flexible and labor-saving. Moreover, this method can keep the pool water clear, and it is easier to clean the bottom of the pool and change the water.

When the pond is built, a planting trough is built at a suitable depth of water, and a lot of humus is added to the cultivation soil. Wooden boxes, bamboo baskets, wicker baskets, etc., are generally used for planters, which will not rot within one year. When selecting, it should be noted that after planting with soil, it will not be dumped or blown over by wind and waves in the water.

Generally, there is no need for containers with holes, because the culture soil and its fertilizer efficiency can easily be lost into the water and even pollute the water quality. Lay a brick and stone square platform in the water and place the container on the top of the square platform to make it safe and reliable. Another method is to tie the container with two water-resistant ropes, and then fix the ropes to the shore and press them under the stones.

If the water level is very close to the shore and there are rockery scattered on the shore, the rope should be hidden, otherwise the landscape effect will be affected.

The management of aquatic leeks is generally relatively simple, and after planting, in addition to daily management, the following points should be paid attention to:

1. Check whether there are pests and diseases.

2. Check whether the plants are crowded, generally after 3 to 4 years.

3. Apply top dressing regularly.

4. Remove the weeds in the water, and change the water or clean it thoroughly when the bottom of the pool or the pool water is too dirty. To grow aquatic leeks, there are some principles that must be mastered so that they grow well.