How is chickpea green dwarf virus disease transmitted, epidemic and controlled?

Occurrence: In 1993, Horn et al. first reported chickpea chlorostatic dwarf virus (CPCDV) from chickpeas in India. Phaseolus vulgaris dwarf disease caused by chickpea greenish dwarf virus was first reported in Iran in 2002.

In recent years, field surveys have shown that chickpea greening dwarf virus has become one of the important pathogens in chickpea and broad bean production in some areas. Trials of chickpea inoculation in India have shown that pre-flowering infection can lead to a yield reduction of nearly 100%; Infection during flowering, yield reduction of up to 75% to 90%. A field survey of chickpeas from Sudan showed that 77% of the plants were infected with chickpea chloromelization dwarf virus.

In Iran, the infestation of Phaseolus vulgaris resulted in stunted plant development and reduced pod set. In the bean fields adjacent to the severely ill sugar beet fields, the incidence rate of Phaseolus vulgaris reached 67%, and the yield was reduced by more than 60%. Chickpea field infestation rate. Investigations in Syria have shown that chickpea ablonization dwarf virus infection is the result of chickpea samples with symptoms of viral disease.

In fava bean fields, the infestation rate in Sudan is in Ethiopia. The field incidence of Iranian lentils is: Method of Transmission:

Insect mediator transmission is not transmitted by mechanical friction of the sap. Vector vector: The vector is the Oriental Leafhopper (Southern Spotted Leafhopper).

Natural host: Chickpeas, beet beans, beans, broad beans. Artificial inoculation of infectable plants:

Infects some plants of 3 families. including sugar beets of the Chenopodaceae family; There are 5 species of butterfly flowers in the legume family: chickpea, lentils, kidney beans, peas, broad beans; 5 species in the Solanaceae family:

Mandala tomato Benthramella heart leaf tobacco tobacco. Disease control: The use of disease-resistant varieties and measures to control the spread of the leafhopper can reduce the damage of the virus.

The spread is mostly insects, prevention and control, in the early and middle stage of the drug about three times of strict spraying, it will be completely cured.

Chickpea green-to-green dwarf virus causes diseases in five food legume crops. Chickpea greening dwarf virus disease: the leaflets are red, the phloem turns brown, and the plant is severely dwarfed.

Phaseolus vulgaris (CPCDV) dwarf virus disease: Phaseolus vulgaris disease plants are severely dwarfed, the leaves of the whole plant are green, and the pods are significantly reduced. Chickpea green dwarf virus can also cause green flodging disease in cowpeas, broad beans, and lentils.

Virus name: Chickpea green dwarf virus. Physicochemical properties of the virus:

Poisonous particles of the sick. The virion is a doublet structure, no envelope, with a single-band gamete diameter of 15 nm and a duplex length of 25 nm, consisting of two incomplete 20 hedra. Nucleic acid wild potato.

It is a single closed-loop SSDNA molecule with a total genome length of 2900 nt. Viral RNA for A260 and A280. Protein.

The molecular mass of the protein is 32ku.

Identification of parasitic sail owners: sugar beets, lentils, peas, mandala, benthamian tobacco, tobacco: leaf development system greening, sometimes mottled leaves or dwarf plants.

Chickpeas: The leaves are yellowed and turn red, shivering, curly, the phloem of the plant turns brown, and the plant is dwarfed. Peanuts, pigeon peas, cucumbers, soybeans, western tobacco:

Not infected. Serological tests: the virus has good immunogenicity.

The dilution of the diseased juice was 1 640 when DAS-ELISA was used and 1 1280 when DAC-ELISA was used. When the westernblot method was used to detect the viral capsid protein, the anti-serum titer was 1 2000;When tested by the TBIA method, the titer reached 1 320,000. Chickpea green dwarf virus is serologically related to tobacco yellow dwarf virus, and has no serologic relationship with pumpkin curl virus, corn line virus, and wheat dwarf virus.

Quarantine risk assessment: the causative agent of this disease, chickpea green dwarf virus, can be transmitted through leafhoppers, which is seriously harmful to Phaseolus vulgaris. There is no human transmission.

It has not yet happened in the country. When Ji Liang conducted a risk assessment, the risk value was 7 points, and it was determined as a medium-risk non-quarantine pest.

Virions. The virions are non-enveloped, curved and linear, typically 700 720 nm long, and 13 15 nm in diameter. The purified solution is a single component.

Nucleic acid. The nucleic acids in virions are single-stranded linear positive SSRNA. The genome is 10kb, and the molecular quality is very large.

Protein. The protein in the virion is an outer shell structural protein, and the molecular mass is sometimes degraded to about 29 ku).

Chickpeas: The leaves are green, and the plants are shrub-like and dwarfed. Amaranth quinoa, wall quinoa, guar orange and bean:

Localized greenish spots appear on the leaves. Orthopagana, Quinoa, Grass cotton, Benthamian, Phaseolus vulgaris cultivars bountiful and pinto: systemic necrosis.

Scleroderm beans and blunt-leaved senna: localized necrotic spots. Plants that are not infected by the round beard include peanuts, cucumbers, heart-leaf tobacco, pea varieties Bonneville, and Phaseolus vulgaris.

Chickpea malformed mosaic virus disease: Chickpea malformed mosaic virus causes chickpea malformed mosaic disease. Symptoms include twisted and underdeveloped mosaic and leaflets, poor pod growth, shrunken seeds, and dwarfed plants.

Occurrence of damage: Chickpea discovery and first reported from Parbhani and Jahn Maharashtra states, India. Method of Transmission:

Sap transmission, grafting transmission, aphid non-persistent transmission. Contact does not transmit, and seeds do not transmit poison. Toxic agents:

Bean aphids, cotton aphids, and peach aphids. Natural host: Chickpeas.

Artificially inoculated infectable plants: 60 species of plants were tested, and 20 species were infected. Such as erect sword beans, Wangjiang oranges, chickpeas, guar beans, beans, lentils, alfalfa, benth, tobacco beans, round Zhao (small-grained lima beans), beans, peas, apricots, fenugreek, mung beans, long cowpeas, cowpeas, eyebrow peas, etc.

Harvest chickpea-diseased leaves 4 weeks after inoculation and grind them in 1 g of leaves by adding 3 ml of pre-chilled phosphate buffer (containing Dieca and 2 g L of 2-thioeethanol). The milled juice is filtered through gauze, then chloroform is added at a volume of 100 ml l shaking for 3 4 min and centrifuged at 5000 r min for 10 min. The centrifuged liquid was taken, PEG was added, and the virions were precipitated by centrifugation.

The pellet is then resuspended in boric acid-phosphate buffer (containing urea) (BPU) for clarification. Take 25 ml of liquid and chromatoze it on a column with a volume of 13 ml of BPU containing 300 g L of sucrose (plus 40 g of L of PEG and NaCl). Collect the liquid and centrifuge at 25,000 r min for 90 min.

The precipitate was then suspended in the BPU, centrifuged by the sucrose density gradient containing the BPU, and the light was scattered to the land layer (the bottom of the tube was centrifuged at 30000r min for 2h). The precipitate was suspended in the BPU and dissolved in the BPU by CSCL gradient centrifugation (CSCL) with a density of and 500 g L, and a layer thickness of5 and 2 cm (place under 4 for 2 h before use), centrifuge at 30,000 r min for 3 h.

After centrifugation, the light scattering layer was placed in the BPU 4 overnight to precipitate the poisonous particles, and then the virus was purified by centrifugation for 2 hours at 30000r min.