What is the correlation and difference between DNA and RNA?

Generally, the inheritance of viruses is RNA, such as tobacco mosaic virus, and the genetic range of DNA is relatively wide. In general, if there is DNA inheritance, there is no RNA inheritance.

DNA (abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid), also known as deoxyribonucleic acid, is the main chemical component of chromosomes and the material that makes up genes. Sometimes referred to as "genetic microparticles" because during reproduction, the parents copy and pass a portion of their own DNA to the offspring, thus completing the transmission of the trait. The nucleoid of a prokaryotic cell is a long DNA molecule.

There is more than one chromosome in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, and each chromosome also contains only one DNA molecule. However, they are generally larger than the DNA molecules in prokaryotic cells and bind to proteins. The function of the DNA molecule is to store the entire genetic information of almost all proteins and RNA molecules that determine the traits of a species; Encoding and designing biological organisms to transcribe genes and express proteins in a certain time and space in an orderly manner, complete all the programs of directed development; The unique traits and personalities of the organism and all the stress responses when interacting with the environment are preliminarily determined.

In addition to chromosomal DNA, a very small amount of structurally different DNA is present in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells. The genetic material of a DNA virus is also DNA, and very rarely RNA

Ribonucleic acid (RNA).

ribonucleic acid

A class of nucleic acids composed of at least dozens of ribonucleotides linked by phosphodiester bonds, named because of the presence of ribose, abbreviated as commonly found in animals, plants, microorganisms and some viruses and phages. RNA and protein biosynthesis are closely related. In RNA viruses and bacteriophages, RNA is the carrier of genetic information.

RNA is generally a single-stranded filamentous molecule; There are also double-stranded RNAs such as reovirus; circular single-stranded RNA such as virus-like RNA; Branched RNA molecules were also discovered in 1983.

DNA base pair a—t g-c ribose five-carbon sugar DNA is generally double-stranded spatial structure: first, second, third, and fourth.

RNA base p-a-u g-c ribose Six-carbon sugar RNA is generally single-stranded spatial structure: primary and secondary stem loops.

DNA species.

RNA species : mRNA, trNA, rRNA, HRNA, MSRNA

The difference between DNA and RNA in terms of chemical composition:

1. The composition of the five-carbon sugar is different: DNA contains deoxyribose, RNA contains ribose;

2. Different bases:

The constituent units of DNA are four deoxynucleotides, namely adenine deoxynucleotide, thymine deoxynucleotide, cytosine deoxynucleotide, guanine deoxynucleotide, and the bases are adenine , G guanine, C cytosine, and T thymine. The base of RNA There are 4 main bases of RNA, namely Aadenine , G guanine , C cytosine , Uracil .

3. Although DNA and RNA are both polymers, they have different degrees of polymerization. DNA has a higher degree of polymerization than RNA.

Similarities: They all carry genes and are related to heredity. The differences between the two are as follows:

1. The distribution is different

That is, DNA is mainly in the nucleus and is one of the four biological macromolecules contained in biological cells. RNA is mainly in the cytoplasm and is present in biological cells and some viruses and viroids.

2. The quantity is different

In the DNA molecular structure, two polydeoxynucleotide chains are coiled around a common central axis, forming a double helix structure.

RNA consists of only one ribonucleotide strand, which is condensed by phosphodiester bonds to form a long chain molecule.

3. Ribose is different:

DNA is a macromolecular polymer composed of deoxynucleotides. Deoxynucleotides are made up of bases, deoxyribose, and phosphoric acid. There are 4 types of bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), thymine (T) and cytosine (C).

A ribonucleotide molecule is made up of phosphoric acid, ribose sugar, and bases. There are 4 main bases of RNA, namely A adenine, G guanine, C cytosine, and Uracil, among which, U (uracil) replaces T in DNA.

The main differences between DNA and RNA are:

1. The constituent units are different: the constituent units of DNA are deoxynucleotides, and the constituent units of RNA are ribonucleotides.

2. The constituent bases are different: the constituent base of DNA is ATGC, and the constituent base of RNA is AUGC.

3. The composition of five-carbon sugars is different: the composition of DNA is deoxyribose, and the composition of RNA is ribose.

4. Different spatial structure: DNA is a double helix structure, and RNA is generally single-stranded.

5. Different functions: DNA is genetic material, and RNA is generally not used as genetic material in cells.

What DNA and RNA have in common:

1. All contain phosphoric acid and guanine, adenine and cytosine.

2. The composition is similar, with one molecule of phosphoric acid, one molecule of five-carbon sugar, and one molecule of bases.