Ginkgo biloba is full of streets, where are they endangered?

Vegetative reproduction is possible for plants, which is the best way for humans to use plants, and they can generally be used as ornamental or as cash crops. However, the growth cycle is too long under natural conditions, so we generally use grafting or cuttings to get the plants we want. And ginkgo biloba is like this, all the ginkgo biloba everywhere is obtained through vegetative reproduction, to say a word of exaggeration, the ginkgo trees in this street have exactly the same genes, and there is no value in biological genetics.

The wild individual of Ginkgo biloba is endangered and rare, and this plant is very precious and has important significance for us. Ginkgo biloba is a relict organism and is known as a living fossil in the plant kingdom, and the current ginkgo is the only remaining member of the ancient ginkgo family, which is only distributed in China. Paleontologists discovered the ancestors of Ginkgo biloba in the Permian strata of the Paleozoic Era hundreds of millions of years ago, and their morphology is not much different from that of modern Ginkgo.

This also shows that Ginkgo biloba is a relict creature, maintaining the traits of its ancestors with very little change. After the Ice Age, the ginkgo biloba began to decay, and eventually only one member remained. Ginkgo biloba is also known as the "Gongsun Tree", which means that its life span is very long, and it has the meaning of "Gongzi and Sun Eat".

Asexual reproduction of plants generally does not increase the genetic diversity of the species and has little significance for genetic evolution. Just like the bananas we eat now, all of them are grafted, they all have the same genes, and if they encounter a certain disease, then all individuals will be harmed.

Bananas are the best example of this, and the fact that "bananas may go extinct" may seem like a rumor, but it is true. It is because the bananas we are eating now are all cloned in a sense, with the same genes and traits, if the outbreak of the disease is difficult to control, then all the individuals will be harmed, and in the end there may be no bananas to eat, of course, you can also breed new banana varieties again.

The same is true for ginkgo, the most important thing is actually a wild individual, and the ginkgo you see on the street are all "cloned products", in a sense they belong to an individual, and if they encounter certain pathologies, it is the rhythm of total annihilation. Ginkgo biloba in the city has relatively high requirements, mainly for the sake of aesthetics, and I hope that all the individuals look as similar as possible, preferably identical. Just like bananas, they have to make sure they taste consistent, so they are cloned.

At present, ginkgo biloba has spread all over the world, of course, most of them are from the Tianmu Mountain population in Zhejiang, China, and they all belong to the same species.

Natural reproduction in the wild is expected to lead to the emergence of subspecies of the ginkgo tree over a long period of time, with the ultimate goal of emerging new species and adding new members to the ginkgo family. I hope that this "living fossil", which has lived on Earth for nearly 300 million years, can continue forever.

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Ginkgo trees are all over the streets, and ginkgo biloba has many functions, but they are endangered. Ginkgo biloba trees have the same genes and are not biogenetically valuable.

The ginkgo trees we see today are artificially cultivated and have no value in research. And valuable ginkgo trees are wild ginkgo trees, which are difficult to reproduce and have very few extant numbers.

In fact, the ginkgo trees all over the street are cultivated by people, and they are not pure wild ginkgo trees, and the number of real ginkgo trees is very small, and it can be said that it is endangered.

There are a lot of wild ones that have died, they no longer exist, and there are not a few trees that grew slowly in the past, and they are basically dead, and now these ginkgo trees are basically planted by hand.

Because these are not wild, then it does not have the qualities that it used to be. So here we are talking about wild ginkgo, which would have disappeared from the earth quickly without them.

In 1999, the State Forestry Administration and the Ministry of Agriculture jointly issued the List of National Key Protected Wild Plants (the first batch), which listed Ginkgo biloba as a national first-class key protected plant. According to article 344 of the Criminal Law, anyone who illegally logs, destroys, purchases, transports, processes or sells plants under national key protection constitutes a crime and is liable to imprisonment for up to seven years. Intuition tells us that this regulation can only be applied in social conditions where ginkgo trees are particularly scarce, and it is certainly not possible to apply today.

Because the apricot tree has completely disappeared in many other countries, the apricot tree in our country is listed as an endangered species.

Because there are many varieties of ginkgo trees, the ginkgo trees on the street are now artificially developed, not old, so they are still listed as endangered.

I think it's because there are fewer and fewer ginkgo trees in the wild, which is why they are listed as endangered.

Ginkgo biloba is an endangered species because it has few habitats, its population is decreasing, and the temperature difference changes.

Because ginkgo biloba is so useful, many people are picking it, so it has become an endangered species.

Because the living space of this plant is constantly compressed, and the environment is getting worse and worse, this tree has gradually become an endangered species.

Because the gene of this tree is very simple, it has not been found in the wild for more than three years.

Ginkgo biloba is an endangered plant in the World Nature Conservation List, known as a living fossil, and is also a unique plant in China. Gene sequencing shows that almost all of the ginkgo biloba in other parts of the world comes from Tianmu Mountain in Zhejiang Province, and the existing ginkgo has lost its genetic diversity and belongs to the relict species, and it is likely to become extinct if it continues to reproduce naturally.

Ginkgo biloba is a gymnosperm, the seeds of gymnosperms are modeled outside without fruit wrapping, in biology this is a relatively ancient phylum, gymnosperms first appeared in the Devonian period 100 million years ago, and later many gymnosperms evolved into angiosperms, at present, angiosperms have the strongest adaptability and the most species.

The history of ginkgo can be traced back to the Carboniferous period 100 million years ago, the dinosaurs just appeared on the stage of history at this time, the plant kingdom is still the world of gymnosperms, fossils show that in the Jurassic period about 100 million years ago, ginkgo biloba almost spread all over the earth, becoming one of the important foods of herbivores.

But about 2 million years ago, the world entered the Ice Age, and Ginkgo biloba also became extinct on a large scale, leaving only a small population in China. And what is rare is that ginkgo biloba has almost no outstanding evolution in the history of more than 200 million years, which is extremely rare in biology, so ginkgo biloba is called a living fossil, and ginkgo biloba leaves have a beautiful and graceful arc, becoming a highly ornamental plant.

The research team of the Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, together with the team of Zhejiang University, and the BGI Institute, sequenced the genome of 545 ginkgo trees from 51 populations around the world, and these 545 ginkgo trees are carefully selected large ginkgo trees from 9 countries and 51 regions

There are three main evolutionary branches in the Chinese ginkgo tree, and there are significant genetic differences between them.

2. At this stage, there are three main populations of Ginkgo biloba in China, namely the eastern population (represented by Tianmu Mountain in Zhejiang), the southwestern population (represented by Wuchuan in Guizhou and Jinfoshan in Chongqing), and the southern population (represented by Nanxiong in Guangdong and Xing'an in Guangxi), and the other populations are a mixture of these three populations.

3. Almost all of the ginkgo biloba in other parts of the world comes from the eastern Chinese population, such as the Japanese and European ginkgo biloba from the Tianmu Mountain population in Zhejiang, China.

4. Most of the wild populations of Ginkgo biloba are not in nature reserves, and monitoring in the past ten years has found that young ginkgo trees in the wild have almost never been seen.

The above four points have actually shown the lack of ginkgo diversity, and the ginkgo trees we see in parks or roadsides are all artificially cultivated; Even if you see a hundred-year-old ginkgo tree in some rural areas, it is likely that the ancients obtained it through transplanting, and it belongs to the ginkgo population in the transplanting area.

In essence, all the ginkgo biloba we see is a relict species, losing its genetic diversity, such a species will gradually decline, if it is allowed to reproduce naturally, there is a high probability that it will eventually become extinct, similar relict species in China are giant pandas, elk, metasequoia and so on.

Because good varieties cannot survive, the current ginkgo biloba has lost its diversity, all of which are planted through the transformation of the human book Kaiwang workers, and it is no longer an ancient crop, so it has become an endangered plant.

It is because in recent years, Jianshan has been continuously reduced, and the speed of reducing Lu Shao is very fast, and now there are no wild trees at all except for the artificially planted ginkgo trees.

Because the total amount is still relatively small. You see it a lot in one area, but it's hard to see it in other places.

As you know, it is difficult for this plant to grow, and there are very few ginkgo trees that exist now, so it is listed as endangered.

I know that because the genetic richness of ginkgo trees has been decreasing in recent years, and it is difficult to cultivate.

The main reasons why ginkgo biloba is an endangered species are as follows: Ginkgo biloba is the only plant species in the world, i.e., one family and one genus. In China, monogamous plants such as Ginkgo biloba, Holly and Eucommia are rare, and the presence of monogamous plants shows the special status of this region and the environmental conditions for the preservation of these plants in the process of geological history.

Monofamily plants have the physical function of "living fossils" to study the phylogenetic processes of plants. Ginkgo biloba is an endemic plant in China. In the world, only Tianmu Mountain in Zhejiang Province has preserved wild ginkgo trees.

The introduction and cultivation of ginkgo biloba trees in other places was only for a long time. This is the same status as the "giant panda". Rare things are more expensive.

There is only one species of ginkgo biloba remaining. Without large-scale propagation and cultivation, the preservation of this population will be problematic. Ginkgo biloba has an ancient origin and a special shape.

According to research, Ginkgo biloba appeared in the Paleozoic era of the Permian and gradually declined and died in the Tertiary of the Cenozoic Era. Especially during the Quaternary Ice Age, ginkgo biloba biloba froze to death all over the world, but China preserved. Ginkgo biloba has a special shape.

First, its leaves are fan-shaped, bilobed; A: Ginkgo biloba is an endangered plant on the World Conservation List. It is known as a living fossil and is also a plant endemic to China.

The ginkgo that we often see in parks or on the side of the road is basically obtained through artificial cultivation (asexual reproduction). Genetic sequencing has shown that almost all ginkgo biloba in the rest of the world comes from Tianmu Mountain in Zhejiang Province. The genetic diversity of the existing Ginkgo biloba has been lost and is a remnant species.

If it reproduces naturally, it may become extinct. Ginkgo biloba is a gymnosperm. The seeds of gymnosperms are not wrapped in fruits.

Biologically, this is a relatively old category. Gymnosperms first appeared in the Devonian period 100 million years ago. Later, many gymnosperms evolved into angiosperms.

Currently, gymnosperms are the most adaptable and have the largest variety.

Because the ginkgo tree has lost its ability to reproduce, the current ginkgo tree is artificially cultivated, so the ginkgo tree is still an endangered species.

Because of climate changes, some plants of the genus Ginkgo and some plants like Ginkgo biloba are not true ginkgo trees, so ginkgo trees are still endangered.

Although I feel that there are many ginkgo trees on the street, in fact, ginkgo trees are very rare in the wild and are listed as endangered.

Ginkgo biloba trees are everywhere, why are they still listed as endangered?

Because they are single-celled, they will get sick and die. Therefore, it is particularly dangerous and requires more maintenance of it.

Because the endangered ginkgo biloba is a wild ginkgo tree, there are fewer and fewer varieties of ginkgo trees growing in the wild; The ginkgo biloba in the park is an artificially cultivated variety that is easy to survive.

First of all, the ginkgo trees we see in parks or on the side of the road are artificially cultivated through asexual propagation; Even if you see a hundred-year-old ginkgo tree in some rural areas, it is likely that the ancients obtained it through transplanting, and it belongs to the ginkgo population in the transplanting area. Secondly, all the ginkgo biloba we see is a relict species, which has lost its genetic diversity, and such a species will gradually decline, and if it is allowed to reproduce naturally, it will eventually become extinct.

Endangered species here refer to the conditions in which these plants survive in the wild, not including trees planted in your street or community。Ginkgo biloba is the only remaining plant of the order Ginkgo. Ginkgo fossils date back to 100 million years ago.

According to fossil evidence, there were once five Ginkgo biloba families, which were widely distributed on all continents of the world. During the rapid rise of angiosperms in the Cretaceous, Ginkgo declined as fast as other gymnosperms. After the late Cretaceous, ginkgo plants other than the Ginkgo family basically disappeared.

In the Oligocene, Ginkgo biloba has been moving southward due to the drop in temperatures. Since the middle of the Pleistocene, ginkgo biloba, which has gone through many ice ages, has receded again and again. NowIn eastern China, there are only three wild populations represented by Tianmu Mountain in Zhejiang, Wuchuan in Guizhou and Jinfoshan in Chongqing in southwest China, and Nanxiong in Guangdong and Xing'an in Guangxi in southern China.

The varieties cultivated in the nursery are almost completely different from those that grow naturally in the wild: on the one hand, in order to facilitate horticultural management or uniformity, the plants we cultivate must guarantee a high degree of uniformity, that is, each tree is similar, and breeding and seedlings will choose the same family, even the vegetative propagation of excellent plants. This means that the ginkgo trees you see on the streets and in the alleys may all be sisters of a mother, or even a doppelganger of the same one.

On the other hand, human beings can adapt cultivated varieties to various environmental climates through hybridization, breeding, transgenic and other means, creating suitable growth conditions for them. However, wild populations do not have this preferential treatment, and sometimes luck can determine whether their future is bright or dark.

Every small natural selection can lead to genetic drift and even lead to a bottleneck effect in the population. When the number of individuals in a species is very small, a single accident can wipe it out entirely。In fact, similar random losses happen all the time.

The genes of the lucky individuals will be passed down forever, while the unfortunate individuals will disappear in the torrent of history. Natural selection is as simple as spring flowers, autumn moons, cool winds, and flowing water to nature.