What is Super Rice? What is Super Rice? Why should China study super rice?

Super rice, also known as rice ultra-high-yield breeding, was first proposed and carried out by Japan in 1981 and carried out large-scale national collaborative research. Japan's target for super rice is 10 tonnes of brown rice per hectare. Following Japan, China, South Korea and the International Rice Research Institute have successively carried out research on super rice breeding.

The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) has set a target of a 20 percent increase in yield, or an absolute production potential of 13 15 tonne hectares, over existing high-yielding varieties. The research on super rice in China began in 1996, when Mr. Yuan Longping proposed to breed new varieties of ultra-high-yield hybrid rice during the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period, with a yield target of 100 kg of rice per hectare per day. If the growing season is 120 days, it is also 12 tons of hectares.

This suggestion was approved by the relevant state departments as a "super hybrid rice" project, entered the "863" plan, and established a "China Super Rice" collaborative research group to determine the research goal. That is, the first stage: by 2000, a large area of 10,500 hectares of super rice, resistant to two major pests and diseases, the main rice quality indicators to reach the second-level high-quality rice standard issued by the ministry, and a small area of production potential of 11,250 kg; Phase 2:

By 2005, the large-scale yield reached 11,250 kilograms, the small-area production potential was 12,000 kilograms, the resistance to more than two kinds of pests and diseases, and the main rice quality indicators reached the first-class high-quality rice standard issued by the ministry. At present, China has made a major breakthrough in super rice breeding and is at the leading level in the world. A number of super rice varieties that have reached the level of production and application have been successfully selected and bred across the country, and have begun to be popularized and applied in a large area of production, and significant social and economic benefits have been achieved.

Among them, the most representative varieties include: the three-line interspecies indica hybrid rice combination Xieyou 9308 cultivated by the China Rice Research Institute, the three-line indica hybrid rice Youming 86 cultivated by the Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and the two-line indica hybrid rice combination Liangyoupei 9 jointly bred by the Hunan National Hybrid Rice Research Center and the Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences. These super rice have a large area yield potential of 12,000 to 15,000 kg hectares, and the rice quality has reached the second-class high-quality rice standard issued by the Ministry of Agriculture.

The concept of "super rice" was first proposed by the International Rice Research Institute, also known as new plant rice, which refers to a new variety (combination) that is bred according to a specific ecological environment, using various breeding methods and technologies, and according to a predetermined ideal plant type mechanism model, which has the same main agronomic traits as resistance and rice quality and the yield potential of the control variety. In our country, the definition of super rice now requires not only a significant increase in its yield potential (20 percent increase over existing high-yielding varieties, or an absolute production potential of 13 15 tonnes hectares), but also a marked improvement in rice quality and an overall increase in resistance to major pests and diseases.

What is Super Rice? Why should China study super rice? The purpose of super rice is to ensure food security and cultivate rice varieties with ideal plant shape, high yield per unit area, good quality and strong resistance.

According to public information, in 1996, the Ministry of Agriculture began to organize the implementation"Super Rice Breeding in China"Major scientific and technological projects. After more than 20 years of research, the yield record of super rice has been constantly refreshed. From the yield per mu of 1,400 catties in the first stage to October 2018, Chaoyouqian set a high yield record of 2,407 catties.

Therefore, super rice has a greater potential for yield increase than ordinary rice varieties.

Because of the strong response, we know that hybrid rice varieties leave behind the genes we need. For example, in some areas with low rainfall, we can choose drought-tolerant rice varieties and cross them with high-yielding rice varieties, so that drought-tolerant and high-yielding rice varieties can be obtained. Due to China's complex geographical environment, super rice can breed highly adaptable hybrids.

From the planting area, it can be seen that hybrid rice has been widely promoted throughout the country. It's just that the climate and soil conditions in each region are different, so the varieties selected are also different, like japonica rice in the north and south at high altitudes, japonica rice is cold-tolerant and resistant to weak light, which also brings japonica rice with relatively good rice quality and good taste, but the hybrid advantage of japonica rice is not obvious, and these characteristics also bring its planting and distribution. However, indica rice has obvious advantages in hybridization, damp heat resistance, high temperature resistance, strong light resistance, etc., and has great potential in increasing yield.

Therefore, hybrid rice is mainly used in indica rice.

It should be very successful for hybrid rice to be able to do this now, and it can be grown almost everywhere. Now that the lives of Chinese have improved, they need to eat better quality rice. In the rice market, only *** rice is competitive, and Thai rice is very competitive.

The advantage of hybrid rice in China is high yield, and the disadvantage is poor quality and insufficient market competitiveness. Hybrid rice was useful when the Chinese were hungry, but now it is becoming less and less useful. Japan has a population of more than 100 million, and its land area is only larger than that of Yunnan Province, and it has more mountainous land and less arable land.

However, they don't like hybrid rice and instead grow high-quality rice.

If Chinese rice is to taste as good as rice in Thailand, Japan, and other countries, more rice should be grown based on quality and taste. The market economy is aimed at market demand. What you think is good, others may think is good, others may also think it is bad, it has a big data.

When statistics show that only a small percentage of people like super rice, naturally no one grows it, and there is no need to promote it.

The average yield of super rice per mu is kilograms of dry grain.

Entrusted by the Department of Science and Education of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the Science and Education Department of the Hunan Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs organized relevant experts to test and accept the 100-mu demonstration piece of super rice of the new hybrid rice variety "Weiliangyou 8612" selected and bred by Longping Hi-Tech, with an average yield of dry grain per mu of kilograms. "Weiliangyou 8612" has withstood the test of continuous high temperature and drought this year, and has reached a new high after setting a record of high yield of one-season rice in Hunan Province last year.

Wei Liangyou 8612 "100 acres of demonstration piece is located in Xinping Village, Lufeng Town, Lipu County, Huaihua City, with an area of acres. It was sown on April 27 and machine-transplanted on May 28, and planted in accordance with standardized and simplified cultivation methods such as centralized seedling raising, machine transplanting, nitrogen-saving and potassium-increasing fertilizer.

"Weiliangyou 8612" is one of the core main varieties of Longping Hi-Tech Yahua Rice Division, which passed the national examination in 2020, and the average yield of the two-year district test is higher than that of the control, with medium resistance to rice blast, strong lodging resistance, high nitrogen utilization, and good adaptability. The 100-mu demonstration piece of super rice adopts concentrated seedling raising, cultivation of strong seedlings, age-appropriate machine insertion, insertion of basic seedlings, nitrogen saving and potassium increase, application of foot fertilizer, early application of top dressing, focusing on early tillering, improving the panicle rate, increasing the number of grains per spike, strengthening the middle and late stage water management, adjusting the field microclimate, improving the seed setting rate and other light, simplified and efficient cultivation technologies. Even under the continuous high temperature and drought weather conditions this year, the seed setting rate of "Weiliangyou 8612" was basically not affected, and it still showed outstanding characteristics such as high yield, lodging resistance, high temperature resistance, wide adaptability, and easy planting.

Super rice refers to super hybrid rice.

Super hybrid rice is the result of the super hybrid rice cultivation program of the Ministry of Agriculture, which was proposed in 1996 and was presided over by Yuan Longping, the "father of hybrid rice".

In 2000, the super hybrid rice variety reached the first stage of the single rice yield standard, that is, the yield per hectare exceeded the tonnage; In 2004, the super hybrid rice reached the yield target of the second stage. On September 24, 2012, the expert acceptance team organized by the Hunan Provincial Department of Agriculture announced the successful realization of the third phase of super hybrid rice with a large-area yield of 900 kg per mu.

China's Super Hybrid Rice Sets Another Record:

China's "father of hybrid rice" Yuan Longping and his team cultivated the super hybrid rice variety "Xiang Liangyou 900 (Super Excellent Qianhao)" and set a record for yield per mu, after the third-party expert measurement, the yield of this variety of rice per mu in the experimental field is kilograms, creating the latest and highest record of rice yield in the world.

Tu Shuxin, head of the yield measurement team and a professor at the College of Resources and Environment of Huazhong Agricultural University, said that this variety of rice was planted in southern China before, and the highest yield in the north this time proves that the variety can be successfully planted in both the north and the south.

Xu Cheng, director of the Rural Division of the Hebei Provincial Department of Science and Technology, said that the high-yield demonstration field of the Silicon Valley Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2016 created the world's highest record of kilograms per mu in the high-latitude region.

Super hybrid rice is the result of the super hybrid rice cultivation program of the Ministry of Agriculture, which was proposed in 1996 and was presided over by Yuan Longping, the "father of hybrid rice". In 2000, the super hybrid rice variety reached the first stage of the single rice yield standard, that is, the yield per hectare exceeded the tonnage; In 2004, the super hybrid rice reached the yield target of the second stage. On September 24, 2012, the expert acceptance team organized by the Hunan Provincial Department of Agriculture announced the successful realization of the third phase of super hybrid rice with a large-area yield of 900 kg per mu.

Breed advantage. Variety combination Y2 excellent 8188 is a new combination of two lines of wide adaptability of high-quality and ultra-high yield, which is jointly tackled by the National Hybrid Rice Engineering Technology Research Center and Hunan Aopulong Seed Industry Science and Technology, and adopts the dual-purpose light and temperature sensitive nuclear sterile line Y58S as the female parent, and is bred with the heavy spike dense grain strong dominant recovery line Ao R8188 containing indica-japonica and indica claw compound bloodlines, and the variety has the triple advantages of "medium and large spikes, many grains and grain weight".

Technological advantages. Super hybrid rice can improve the yield through the combination of morphological improvement and the use of interspecific heterosis, and the original structure of rice will not be changed. It does not cause lesions in rice. In 1997, Yuan Longping proposed a technical route for cultivating super hybrid rice by combining heterosis utilization and morphological improvement"The so-called morphological improvement is to have a body shape as good as a person; The so-called heterosis is not fat, but full of physical strength.

The panicle structure, morphology and yield potential of the super excellent 1000 variety are very good, and one of the biggest advantages is that the lodging resistance is particularly strong, which is the best variety of super rice.

What are the 80 super rice varieties recognized in the country?

2005: 28.

Xieyou 9308, Guodao No. 1, Guodao No. 3, Zhongzheyou No. 1, Fengyou 299, Jinyou 299, Youming 86, Youhang No. 1, Teyouhang No. 1, D Youyou 527, Xieyou 527, You 162, You 7, You 602, Tianyou 998, II You 084, II You 7954, Liangyou Pei.

9. Zhun Liangyou 527, Liaoyou 5218, Liaoyou 1052, You 98, Shengtai 1, Shennong 265 Shennong 606, Shennong 016, Jijing 88, Jijing 83

2006: 21.

Tianyou 122, Yifeng 8, Jinyou 527, D You 202, Q You 6, Qianliangyou 2058, Y You 1, Zhuliangyou 819, Liangyou 287, Peiza Taifeng, Xinliangyou 6, Yongyou 6, Zhongzao 22, Guinongzhan, Wujing 15, Tiejing 7, Jijing 102, Songjing 9, Longjing 5, Longjing 14, Kenjing 14.

2007: 12.

Ningjing 1, Huaidao 9, Qianzhonglang 2, Liaoxing 1, Chujing 27, Longjing 18, Yuxiangyouzhan, Xinliangyou 6380, Fengliangyou 4, Nei 2you 6, Ganxin 688, Youhang 2.

2009: 10.

Longjing 21, Huaidao 11, Zhongjiazao 32, Yang Liangyou 6, Lu Liangyou 819, Fengliang Youxiang 1, Luoyou 8, Rongyou 3, Jinyou 458, Chunguang 1.

2010: 12.

Xindao 18, Yangjing 4038, Ningjing 3, Nanjing 44, Zhongjiazao 17, Hemeizhan, Guiliangyou 2, Peiliangyou 3076, Wuyou 308, Wufengyou T025, Xinfengyou 22, Tianyou 3301

Yuan Longping's super rice has been fully promoted in southern China. Nowadays, some people have little understanding of super rice, and as a literati, I take the trouble to explain to people on the Internet, in daily words, and the seed bags are marked"This rice is a two-line hybrid rice"It's super rice. People suddenly realized, oh, this is super rice.

Super rice has been fully promoted in southern China, and has become a powerful tool for farmers to farm with high yields. Headquartered in Hunan, Longping Hi-Tech Seed has also become China's largest rice pangxin seed group.

There is one thing that needs to be clarified to everyone, that is, Yuan Longping is not the only agricultural scientist who studies super rice, and there are a large number of agricultural scientists in China who study super rice. Because of Yuan Lao's fame, people always think that he is the only one who studies super rice in China, which is really a big joke. Even if Yuan Lao has three heads and six arms, seventy-two changes, and Sun Wukong's skills, it is difficult for him to carry the banner of China's super rice research alone.

China's rice seed industry experts, I know of a Hubei Yankee named Rao Shuijia. This person served as a soldier, and after returning to his hometown after being discharged from the army, he founded a crop breeding institute, which was later renamed Fengyu Agricultural Seed Company. Rao Shuijia devoted himself to the study of rice, specializing in super rice.

He once appeared at the China Rice Seed Industry Summit Forum organized by the Ministry of Agriculture to expound his views. He was also one of the many agricultural scientists who took pictures with Yuan.

Rice yield is composed of three parts: the number of ears per mu, the number of grains per panicle and the weight of 1000 grains, and the number of ears per mu is determined by the planting density as the most important way, but due to the characteristics of the variety, once the density of many varieties is planted, the panicle type will be smaller, the number of grains per panicle will be less, and the 1000-grain weight will also decrease. What's more, the density is high in the morning, and it is easy to cause poor ventilation and light transmission, which will cause the microclimate in the field to deteriorate, resulting in the outbreak of diseases and insects, and the weak and lodging of rice stalks and other catastrophic yield reductions. Therefore, it is not easy to breed a rice variety that is resistant to diseases and insects, as well as lodging, with strong growth and large spike size and heavy grain per spike.

According to common sense, within the normal area, it is not easy to yield 1,500 catties per mu, and the rice varieties cultivated by Yuan Longping can create the world's top yield record, I think, this is not only by having good varieties, but also absolutely indispensable to adapt to the whole set of scientific cultivation technology and relatively suitable meteorological conditions, because, as an open-air factory, the yield and quality of crops to a large extent, need God's help. In a big country like ours, because the party attaches great importance to education, science and technology, there are many talented people. Agriculture is China's basic industry, and the research and large-scale promotion of super rice has played a huge role in increasing farmers' income, national stability and people's happiness.