How are plants classified, and how are plants classified?

Classification according to plant intermedians: Divisio or (phylum), class (class), order ordo (order), family Familia (family), family tribus (tribe), genus (genus), group sectio (section), series (series), species (species) , varietas(variety), variant(form)

Classified by plant phyla: 1 Euglenophyta 2 Chlorophyta 3 Charophyta 4 Chrysophyta 5 Pyrrophyta 6 Phaeophyta (Spore Plant) Plant 7 Rhodophyta Cryptophyta Lower Plants 8 Cyanophyta (Spore Plants) 9 Bacteriophyta 10 Myxomycophyta 11 Eumycophyta 12 Lichens 13 Bryophyta 14 Pteridophyta (seed plant) Cervical oviphyte plant Higher plants 15 gymnospermae Gymnospermae Flowering plants Vascular plants Embryonic plants 16 Angiosperm phylum Angiospermae (seed plant).

According to the rank: boundary, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.

1. According to the mode of propagation, plants are divided into seed plants and spore plants.

2. According to whether there is a peel coating outside the seed, the seed plants are divided into angiosperms and gymnosperms.

3. Angiosperms are divided into dicots and monocots according to the number of cotyledons.

4. Sporophyte classification method: divided into algae, mosses and ferns, among which algae plants do not have the differentiation of rhizomes and leaves, bryophytes have roots and stems but no real roots, only false roots, and ferns have the differentiation of rhizomes and leaves.

It's not easy to type, yes, hopefully, o( o

1. Classification according to whether seeds can be produced during propagation.

1. Spore plants (cannot form seeds, rely on spores to reproduce).

Algae plants: mostly in water and damp land, without root, stem and leaf differentiation. The whole body absorbs water and inorganic salts for photosynthesis. Spore reproduction, reproduction is inseparable from water. Oxygen is the most important in the atmosphere**. Such as kelp, seaweed, sponge, etc.

Bryophytes: generally have stems and leaves, and have no real roots, that is, they have false roots. There is no conductive tissue, so the plant is short. The leaves have only one layer of cells, so the degree of air pollution can be detected. Spore reproduction, reproduction is inseparable from water. Such as gourd moss, land money, etc.

Ferns: have true roots, stems, leaves, and have true roots. Yes, so the plants are taller. Spore reproduction, reproduction is inseparable from water. Raw material for the formation of ancient coal. Such as Manjianghong, kidney fern, etc.

2. Seed plants (can form seeds and reproduce by seeds.) The fertilization process leaves the water. Gymnosperms: Seeds are not covered with peels. Such as pine, cedar, cypress, etc.

Angiosperms: The seeds are coated with a pericarp. With the phenomenon of double fertilization. Such as poplar, wheat, rice, etc.

2. Classification according to the perfection of plant body structure.

Lower plants: There is no differentiation of roots, stems, and leaves, and embryos cannot be formed. Such as algae, fungi, etc.

Higher plants: There are roots, stems, and leaves differentiated, and zygotes form embryos. Such as ginkgo, corn, etc.

First, it is divided by the form of plant stems.

1. Arbor: woody plants with erect trunks and more than 5 meters high;

2. Shrubs: woody plants that emit multiple branches at the base;

3. Subshrubs: dwarf shrubs, perennial, grassy at the upper part of the stem, woody at the base;

4. Herbaceous plants: the stems contain few xyloid cells, and the whole plant or aboveground parts are easy to wilt or die;

5. Liana: a plant that has a long stem and cannot stand upright, and climbs upward by relying on other things.

Second, it is divided by the ecological habits of plants.

1. Terrestrial plants: plants that live on land;

2. Aquatic plants: refers to plants whose plant bodies are wholly or partially submerged in water.

The plant kingdom includes algae, lichens, mosses, ferns, and seed plants; In the system of the Five Kingdoms, the plant kingdom includes only multicellular photoautotrophic taxa, while fungi, lichens, and unicellular algae, as well as prokaryotic cyanobacteria, are not included. (Note: Although some saprophytes such as gastrodia and crystal orchid cannot photosynthesize and belong to heterotrophs, they still belong to the plant kingdom.)

The main difference between the plant kingdom and other groups of organisms is that it contains chlorophyll, can carry out photosynthesis, and can make organic matter on its own; In addition, most of them live in a fixed environment, cannot move freely (with the exception of a few lower algae), and have cell walls; Cells are totipotent, that is, one plant cell can be cultured into one plant body.

Plants cover the vast majority of the Earth's land surface and are also found in oceans, lakes, rivers, and ponds. They vary greatly in size and lifespan, from tiny algae invisible to the naked eye to giant algae in the oceans and the massive "world lords" (North American redwoods) on land that have lived for thousands of years. Plants are almost the only primary producers in a variety of ecosystems large and small in nature's biosphere.

Plants and humans are closely related, and they are the basis for the survival of humans and other living things.

The plant search form is written as follows:

Suqian, Ginkgo, Araucaria, Masson pine, Japanese five-needle pine, Huashan pine, Yunnan pine, metasequoia, fir wood, cedar, black pine, oriental cypress, juniper, juniper, Japanese cypress, cedar, Japanese cedar, Japanese cedar, dragon cypress, Yunnan cypress, podocarpus, Japanese cedar, three-pointed fir, southern yew, money pine.

1. There are long branches and shedding short branches, large branches obliquely spread, irregular rotation, drooping branches, opposite or nearly opposite, leaf interaction countermeasures, pinnate two rows, and fall off together with budless branchlets in winter, male and female plants. ......Metasequoia.

2. The main branches are oblique, with long and short branches, the leaves are fan-shaped, the long branches are alternate, the short branches are clustered, and the dioecious plants are born. ......Ginkgo.

3. The crown of the tree is tower-shaped, with distinct layers, large branches in rotation, and the leaves are two-type. ......Araucaria.

4. The apex of the leaf is gradually sharpened, and there is a white powder band with a wide green edge on each side of the midrib on the leaf surface, which will meet at the apex. ......Juniper.

5. The bark is green and smooth. The apex is gradually elongated and pointed, the cavity is raised above the midrib below the leaf surface, and the cavity is raised above the midrib. ......Three-pointed fir.

6. The bark is thin and scaly, with aril, and the flesh of the seed support is red or purple. ......Podocarpus.

7. The bark is long and peeling, the inner bark is light red, the large branches are flat, the small branches are nearly whorl, the bracts are brownish-yellow, and the triangle is ovate. ......Fir.

8. There are long and short branches, and the leaves on the twigs are clustered. ......Fiber matching money pine.

1. Classification by the morphology of plant stems.

1.A woody plant with an erect trunk and a height of more than 5 meters is called an arbor. Corresponding to the low shrubs, the tall trees that are usually seen are trees, such as kapok, pine, magnolia, birch, etc.

Arbors are divided into deciduous trees and evergreen trees according to whether they are deciduous or not. 2.The main trunk of the shrub is not obvious, and the woody plants that often send out multiple branches at the base are called shrubs, such as roses, dragon boat flowers, red flowers, peonies, etc.

3.Subshrubs are dwarf, perennial shrubs, the upper part of the stem is grassy, and the stem at the base is woody, such as periwinkle, cassia, etc. 4.

Herbaceous plantsHerbaceous plants contain few xylin cells in the stems, and the whole plant or aerial parts are easy to wilt or die, such as chrysanthemums, lilies, impatiens, etc. It is divided into annual, biennial, and perennial herbs. 5.

Lianas are called lianas that have long stems that do not stand upright, and that climb upwards by clinging to others. According to the nature of the stem, lianas are divided into two categories: woody vines and herbaceous vines. Lianas are divided into climbing vines according to whether they have special climbing organs, such as melons, peas, and lilies, which have tendrils or adventitious aerial roots, and can wrap around other things to grow; Winding vines, such as morning glory, honeysuckle, etc., have stems that can grow around other things.

2. Classification by the ecological habits of plants.

1.Terrestrial plants: Plants that grow on land. 2.

Aquatic plants refer to plants whose plant bodies are completely or partially submerged in water, such as lotuses, water lilies, etc. 3.Epiphytes are plants that are epiphytic to other things, but can live on their own and do not need to absorb nutrients from their supporters, such as most tropical orchids.

4.Parasitic plants parasitize on other plants, and absorb some or all of the nutrients for their own life by sucking roots and invading the host's tissues, such as mulberry parasitism, dodder seeds, etc. 5.

Saprophytes are born on saprophytic matter, plants without chloroplasts, such as fungi, crystal orchids, etc.

3. Classification according to the life cycle of plants.

1.Annual plants have a short life cycle, ranging from weeks to months, and complete their life cycle within a year, and then the whole plant dies, such as cabbage, beans, etc. 2.

Biennials are plants that germinate and grow in seed in the first year, and die after flowering and fruiting in the second year, such as sugar beets. 3.Perennial plants have a life cycle year after year and grow for many years, such as common trees and shrubs are perennials.

There are also perennial herbaceous plants that can live for many years, or where the aerial parts wither in winter and continue to grow and blossom the following year.

It depends on the classification criteria. The details are as follows:

1. According to the mode of survival, it can be divided into algae, lichens, fungi, mosses, ferns, and seeds (gymnosperms, angiosperms) plants;

2. According to the mode of reproduction, it can be divided into aquatic, terrestrial, epiphytic, saprophytic, aerial and parasitic plants;

3. According to the appearance standard, it can be divided into woody (trees, shrubs), herbs, and climbing plants; It can also be divided into C3, C4, CAM plants.

Plants can be classified according to stem morphology, ecological habits, and growth cycles.

The morphology of the stem

Plants can be divided into five kinds according to the morphology of stems: trees, shrubs, sub-shrubs, herbaceous plants, and lianas, among which herbaceous plants such as chrysanthemum, lily, impatiens, and bamboo, have no growth rings in cross section, and the plant will lose its vitality once it blooms.

Ecological habits

According to the ecological habits, plants can be divided into five species: terrestrial plants, aquatic plants, epiphytes, parasitic plants, and saprophytes, among which saprophytes do not have green leaves, such as fungal plants, crystal orchids, etc., while epiphytes can live on their own, do not need to absorb the nutrients of supporters to grow, and most of them are tropical orchids.

Growth cycle

If the plant is divided according to the growth cycle, it can be divided into annual plants, biennial plants, and perennial plants, among which bamboo is a perennial plant, but it has annual and biennial varieties, and most of the vegetables such as cabbage and beans are annual plants.

1. According to the rank, it can be divided into: kingdom, subkingdom, phylum, phylum, class, subclass, (superorder), order, suborder, family, subfamily, (superfamily), family (-eae), subfamily (-inae), genus, subgenus, group, subgroup, lineage, subphylet, species, subspecies, variant, subvariant, variant, subvariant, subvariant.

2. It can also be divided into annual and biennial plants.

Annual herbs: Plants that bloom and wither within one year after sowing are called annual herbs, and can also be divided into spring-sown annual herbs and autumn-sown annual herbs according to different sowing periods.

Biennial herbs: Herbs that bloom more than one year after sowing and wither within two years are called biennial herbs.

It is estimated that there are about 350,000 plant species in existence, classified as sylvestres, bryophytes, ferns and algae. By 2004, 287655 species had been identified, including 258,650 species of flowering plants, 16,000 species of bryophytes, 11,000 species of ferns and 8,000 species of green algae.

The morphology of the stem: it can be divided into five types: trees, shrubs, sub-shrubs, herbs, and vines, among which bamboo is a herbaceous plant. Ecological High Judgment Habits:

There are five kinds of terrestrial, aquatic, epiphytic, parasitic and saprophytic, and it should be noted that crystal orchid is a saprophytic plant. Growth cycle: It is divided into three types: annual, biennial, and multi-year, among which cabbage and other plants are mostly annual.

1. The morphology of the stem

Plants can be divided into five kinds according to the morphology of the stem, including trees, shrubs, sub-shrubs, herbaceous plants, and lianas, among which chrysanthemums, lilies, impatiens, bamboos and other herbaceous plants have no growth rings in cross-section, and the plants will lose their vitality once they bloom.

2. Ecological habits

Plants can be divided into five species: terrestrial plants, aquatic plants, epiphytes, parasitic plants, and saprophytes according to ecological habits.

3. Growth cycle

If the plant Qi Na is divided according to the growth cycle, it can be divided into annual plants, biennial plants, and perennial plants, among which bamboo is a perennial plant, but has an annual and biennial variety, and cabbage, beans and other vegetables are mostly annual plants.