Why should patients with massive blood transfusions take calcium supplements?

Calcium supplementation after massive blood transfusions is done to increase calcium ions in the blood and prevent citrate poisoning. In order to prevent blood clotting during blood collection, sodium citrate anticoagulant is added to the blood bag, and the citrate ions in sodium citrate can combine with calcium ions in the blood to form a soluble complex, so that the free calcium ions in the blood are reduced.

Kelp and shrimp are high-calcium seafood, and they can also lower blood lipids and prevent arteriosclerosis.

Kelp is cooked with meat or cooked and served cold. The calcium content in shrimp skin is higher, 25 grams of shrimp skin contains 500 mg of calcium, so it is a good choice to make soup or stuffing with shrimp skin for daily calcium supplementation.

Soybeans are high-protein foods and are also high in calcium.

Soy milk needs to be boiled 7 times before it can be eaten. Tofu, on the other hand, should not be eaten with certain vegetables, such as spinach. Spinach contains oxalic acid, which can be combined with calcium to form calcium oxalate conjugates, which hinders the body's absorption of calcium, so tofu and other soy products should not be cooked with spinach.

However, if soy products are cooked with meat, they will taste delicious and nutritious.

More than 80% of animal bones are made of calcium, but it is insoluble in water and difficult to absorb, so it can be crushed in advance when making into food, and then simmered with vinegar. Remove the oil slick and add some greens to make a delicious soup.

Fish bones can also be used for calcium, but care should be taken to choose the right method. Dry fried fish and stewed crispy fish can make the fish bones crispy and soft, which is more convenient for calcium absorption, and can be eaten directly.

Because the transfused blood contains anticoagulant, anticoagulin will combine with calcium in the body after entering the body, resulting in a large amount of calcium deficiency in the body for a short time, so it should be replenished in time...

Sodium citrate is used as an anticoagulant during blood transfusion, and sodium citrate is added to 10ml per 100ml of whole bloodBecause it can form a soluble minweina complex that is difficult to dissociate with Ca2+ in the blood, it can reduce the concentration of Ca2+ in the blood, so it can prevent blood clotting. When intravenous infusion of blood, sodium citrate is easily metabolized in the liver and mountain muscles, and part of it is excreted by the kidneys, so it will not accumulate and poison.

If the blood transfusion is too fast and the amount is too large (more than 1000ml), a large amount of sodium citrate enters the body, and the body has no time to metabolize; or due to liver and kidney insufficiency, hypothermia, shock or surgical high occlusion of the aorta affecting the hepatic blood flow, the concentration of sodium citrate in the blood can be increased. Sodium citrate complexes with Ca2+ in the blood in the body, resulting in a sudden decrease in free Ca2+ in the blood, causing a toxic reaction. Due to the underdevelopment of the intrahepatic enzyme system, even if the blood transfusion is slow, there is a risk of poisoning.

In the absence of large or rapid blood transfusions, muscle tremors occur due to hypocalcemia, and tetany in severe cases; bleeding, impaired coagulation mechanisms, decreased blood pressure; Ventricular fibrillation or cardiac arrest can also occur and cause death.

In the case of first aid treatment, 10% calcium gluconate or 10% calcium chloride 10 20ml is immediately injected intravenouslyIn order to prevent sodium citrate poisoning, 1g of calcium should be injected for every 1000ml of blood transfusion