Pest control methods, pest control methods

Reasonable crop rotation or intercropping: It can effectively control pests and diseases, and can make full use of soil fertility. Cultivating deep ploughing:

It can promote the growth and development of plant roots and enhance the disease resistance of plants. Weeding and pruning: Burning pests and diseases and fallen leaves and branches with fire or deep burial can effectively reduce the incidence of pests and diseases in the second year.

Reasonable fertilization: It can improve the resistance of plants and reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases. Select Variety:

Choose high-quality varieties that are resistant to insect pests.

space 1. Reasonable crop rotation and intercropping.

Reasonable crop rotation and intercropping, not only can prevent and control pests and diseases, but also make full use of soil fertility, the plots that have been planted with ginseng can not be planted in a short period of time, otherwise the disease will be very serious, which will lead to a large number of crops to die, and the length of rotation time can be determined according to the time that pathogenic organisms survive in the soil.

For example, the root rot of Atractylodes macrocephalus, as well as the rotation time of Rehmannia wilt are 3-5 years, so the reasonable selection of rotation crops is also critical, generally with the same family of plants, or the same as some serious pest and disease host plants, should not be selected for the next crop, the choice of crops and the choice of rotation crops is the same.

space 2. Cultivation and deep ploughing.

Tillage and deep tillage can not only promote the growth and development of plant roots, but also enhance the disease resistance of plants, and can destroy the dormant pest nest and fungus wintering place in the soil, can directly eliminate pests and pathogenic organisms, planting can be ploughed and dried several times, is conducive to improving soil physical properties, reducing the number of pathogenic bacteria in the soil.

3. Weeding and pruning.

In the process of planting, we should remove weeds in the field in time, after the harvest of medicinal plants, the residues harmed by pests and diseases, as well as the fallen leaves and dead branches in the field, are generally the main places for pests and diseases to hide and overwinter, and are the best way for pests and diseases in the second year, so it is necessary to weed and clean up the field, and combine pruning the pruning of the pests and diseases and fallen leaves and branches, burn them with fire or bury them deeply, which can reduce the incidence of pests and diseases in the second year.

Fourth, adjust the sowing period.

Most pests and diseases are closely related to the phenological period of a certain development stage of planting medicinal plants, if the growth and development stage can miss the dangerous period of a large number of pests and diseases, you can avoid pests and diseases, and you can also achieve the purpose of pest control.

Space 5. Reasonable fertilization.

Reasonable fertilization can promote the growth and development of medicinal plants, and improve resistance, such as planting atractylodes after applying enough organic fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can also be appropriately increased, which is conducive to reducing mosaic disease, but the use of manure and compost must be fully decomposed, otherwise it will lead to residual bacteria in the fertilizer, as well as underground pests and grubs and other insect eggs have not been killed, which is easy to aggravate underground pests and most diseases.

space 6. Planting high-quality varieties.

Thorny safflower is more resistant to anthracnose and safflower fruit fly than thornless safflower, and the general atractylodes dwarf type can resist seed insects, etc., so some varieties with strong resistance to diseases and pests can be selected for planting, which is conducive to the robust growth of crops.

Pests and diseases can be treated using agricultural control methods, crop rotation when planting, soil disinfection and sterilization in advance, the use of rotting organic fertilizer, and scientific management during cultivation. Physical controls can also be used, such as sun exposure, black light trapping, barrier construction, high pressure, etc. Biological control can also be used, mainly predatory organisms, parasitic organisms, and pathogenic microorganisms.

Or you can use chemical control, choose pesticides to spray or water, the effect is better.

Pest and disease control methods.

1. Agricultural prevention and control.

Pest control can adopt the method of agricultural control, crop rotation when planting crops, disinfection and sterilization of the soil in advance, the use of well-rotted organic fertilizer, and reasonable fertilization to improve the disease and insect resistance of plants. Scientific management during cultivation and selection of suitable planting methods can promote the healthy growth of plants and reduce the possibility of contracting pests and diseases.

Manure. 2. Physical prevention and control.

1. Sunlight exposure: sunlight is relatively strong, can have a strong sterilization effect, and can also remove pests and diseases, so through sun exposure, it can play a role in prevention and control.

2. Black light booby-trap: Black light is a special gas discharge lamp, which can release invisible ultraviolet rays and kill agricultural pests.

3. Other measures: physical prevention and control can also be carried out by building barriers and high pressure.

Plant. 3. Biological control.

Plant pests and diseases can also be biological control, mainly used for biological control of organisms there are three categories, one is predatory organisms, such as lacewings, ladybugs, walking insects, etc., the second is parasitic organisms, such as parasitic wasps, parasitic flies, etc., and the third is pathogenic microorganisms, such as Bacillus thuringiensis, Beauveria bassiana, etc.

Plant. Fourth, chemical control.

You can choose pesticides to spray or irrigate, you can choose insecticides, acaricides, fungicides, herbicides, plant growth regulators, rodenticides, nematicides, molluscides, etc., depending on the situation.

1. Mollusks:

It mainly includes various snails, land-based snails and slugs (commonly known as "slugs"). They are active at night or in rainy weather, feeding mainly on plant stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and roots, leaving behind black thread-like excrement. These mollusks eat an astonishing amount of food, eating up large swaths of shoots, leaves, and flowers overnight, ruining your hard work.

Treatment: Once you catch them, remember not to crush them in the garden or in pots, otherwise their eggs will remain in the soil and it won't take long for them to hatch again. The best thing to do is to put it in a garbage bag and then crush it.

Cleaning up fallen and diseased leaves in time and not giving them the conditions to survive can effectively prevent their reproduction.

A small amount of beer can be bottled in small sips to trap. If it is to be done by hand, it should be done at night, usually hidden on the back of the leaf or flower. Medications are recommended when the number is high, such as:

Mida (active ingredient "tetraacetaldehyde"), moderately toxic, is used under the premise of ensuring the safety of children and pets at home.

2. Red spider.

Arachnids leaf mite family pests, scientific name leaf mites, about millimeter in size. Many plants will have this pest, which is mostly found in high-temperature, dry, and unventilated environments; The way to harm is to suck the juice into the leaves with mouthparts, so that the chlorophyll is damaged, so that the plant loses the ability to photosynthesize, symptoms: the leaves show gray and yellow spots or patches, the leaves are orange, fall off, and even fall light, and in severe cases, the plant dies.

Recommended medication: avermectin, mite, golden branch, avida difen and other insecticides, according to the ratio of instructions, in severe cases, the two drugs can be mixed. Critical: After the onset of the disease, the reverse side of the leaf must be sprayed, and the spraying effect is better after rain; Regular monthly spraying of these drugs is effective in prevention.

3. Long worms.

Including green worms, caterpillars, moth butterfly larvae, borers, leaf wasp larvae, stem bee larvae, etc. In late summer and early autumn, some worm stings are poisonous, and it will be very painful to stab, so it is not recommended to scratch them with your hands. When moths and butterflies stay on plants, they are looking for a place for the next generation, and when the larvae hatch, they eat the young shoots and leaves at an alarming rate, so as not to ruin the entire flowering season if they are not careful.

Therefore, it must be prevented, and it must be detected immediately**.

Drug recommendation: Preferred: Bacillus thuringiensis, diluted about 1000 times (that is, 1 gram of water and 1 liter), both preventive and ** are effective. Insecticides such as flower protectors, gleamethoprid and avermectin are also effective in the larval stage.

Pest control methods include agricultural control, physical control, and chemical control.

1. Agricultural prevention and control.

Agricultural prevention and control is mainly carried out around techniques such as harvesting, shearing, tillage, and fertilization, but it is generally used for prevention. For example, in winter, combined with the application of organic fertilizer for deep ploughing and soil cultivation, timely picking, reasonable pruning, improving the conditions for plant ventilation and light preparation, and then reasonable fertilization, improving the disease resistance of plants, etc., can effectively avoid the occurrence of pests and diseases.

2. Physical prevention and control.

Physical control mainly uses booby trapping technology, which has the advantages of economy, safety and simplicity, and has no pesticide residues. Among them, light trapping is a commonly used trapping technique, which mainly uses the phototaxis of pests and artificially sets lights to trap and kill insects. In addition, yellow board and fly paper trapping techniques are also used more, which can trap and kill a large number of aphids and other whiteflies and other pests.

3. Chemical control.

Chemical control, as the name suggests, is the use of chemicals such as fungicides or insecticides. However, in the process of medication, we must pay attention to targeted medication, and we must strictly implement the medication standards, and do not increase the concentration at will to avoid drug harm.

Classification of common pests and diseases

Diseases are divided into infectious diseases and non-infectious diseases, also known as physiological diseases and non-physiological diseases. Non-infectious diseases are also physiological diseases, which are usually caused by environmental factors and do not spread from plant to plant; Infectious diseases, that is, non-physiological diseases, are caused by pathogenic bacteria, and plants can spread from plant to plant.

Infectious diseases mainly include fungal diseases, bacterial diseases and viral diseases. Most of the common diseases are fungal diseases, caused by fungal infection of plants, such as rust, powdery mildew, blight, downy mildew, gray mold, leaf spot, etc.

According to the different feeding methods, they can be roughly divided into leaf-eating, sap-sucking, dry and underground pests. Leaf-eating pests mainly feed on leaves and tender shoots, and are more harmful to trees. The pests that suck tree sap mainly include aphids, scale insects, whiteflies, etc., which are easy to cause leaf shrinkage or coal stain disease, and the aggregation is relatively strong.

Underground pests are generally more hidden, mainly for the roots and seedlings, and the damage to the seedlings is higher, mainly grubs, ground tigers, needleworms, mole crickets, etc. The most harmful to trees are the dry boring pests, which often lead to the death of lead branches or even the whole plant of seedlings due to their dry characteristic.

"Prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control".

The most important thing is to prevent the occurrence of pests, do a good job in forecasting pests, and timely grasp the occurrence law and degree of occurrence of pests, and the occurrence area, so as to achieve timely, reasonable and effective treatment in the process of "treatment".

Usual prevention and control methods:

1.Reasonable planting system: autumn ploughing and winter irrigation and crop rotation stubble, clearing weeds in the field in autumn and eradicating insect pupae in spring, selecting appropriate insect-resistant varieties, etc.;

2.Biological control: the use of natural enemies or pests physiological characteristics such as sexual attractants, the use of natural enemies and other means;

3.Physical control: such as insecticidal lamps, black lights, ditch irrigation to sprinkler irrigation, etc.;

4.Chemical control: the most commonly used and the most common, I will not repeat 5Manual control: The oldest methods, although labor-intensive and rarely used, are sometimes the most effective when other methods fail.

The first is to plant insect-resistant varieties, the second is to rationalize the crop structure, the third is to carry out physical or chemical trapping, and the fourth is to carry out pesticide control.

1.Use laundry detergent to control vegetable aphids and other pests 100 grams of laundry detergent per mu, add 30 45 kg of water, spray the front and back of crop shoots and leaves, and the mortality rate of cabbage worms, red spiders, whiteflies, stinging moths, etc. can reach more than 98% in 1 2 days. Urea, washing powder, water in the ratio of 1 2 200 into a solution, with 15 20 kg per mu spray, has a special effect on the control of vegetable aphids.

2.Use red pepper and garlic to control pests Soak red pepper and garlic with water for two days and nights, add more than 95% industrial alcohol (available in pharmacies) after filtration of the leaching solution, and finally measure the alcohol concentration in the solution of 20% 30%, spray vegetables with this solution, which can kill a variety of pests. The nozzle hole should not be too fine when spraying to prevent blockage.

3.Use bitter vine and other insect pests to control insect pests with bitter vine extract or wild spicy knotweed plus tea dry cake extract, and spray after filtration can also have a better effect of insecticide control and protection of vegetable crops.

4.Use liquor dilution to prevent and control powdery mildew Take a number of 35 ° liquor (estimate the amount of liquor stock solution according to the size of the damaged area), dilute the water at a ratio of 1 300, and then load it into a sprayer to spray the diseased plants, and the spraying amount is subject to the white rust being rinsed, so that powdery mildew will not be **. This method can be used for the prevention and control of powdery mildew in vegetables such as winter melon, tomato and cucumber, and can also be widely used in the prevention and control of powdery mildew in melons and fruits such as watermelon, melon and grapes.

Strawberries and other pesticides are sensitive to pesticides and are prone to pesticide damage, so spraying liquor dilution is the most suitable for the prevention and control of powdery mildew, which not only has a good disease prevention effect, but also has a nutritional protection effect.

5.Intercropping is carried out by using the interaction mechanism between crops to achieve the purpose of deworming and sterilization Onion and carrot intercropping can achieve the effect of repelling each other's pests; Crops such as garlic and Chinese cabbage are planted in rows, and the allicin volatilized by garlic can be used to achieve the effect of sterilization and insect repellent; Leeks and cabbage are planted in inter-rows, and the special smell produced by leeks can reduce cabbage root rot. Spice plants such as rosemary and sage, which have a very strong smell, are planted around the vegetable fields.