My sweet potatoes often have pests and diseases, how can I control them?

1. What are the pests of sweet potatoes?

Grubs are the larvae of beetles that gnaw on the roots and stems of the ground, causing the seedlings to wilt. Needleworm bites germs, young roots, and tubers, causing roots and seedlings to wilt or tubers to rot. Mole crickets bite the roots of the tubers into a ball, causing the roots and seedlings to wilt.

Ground tiger larvae prefer to eat sweet potato stems, resulting in seedling death and lack of seedlings. In addition, there are more than a dozen kinds of underground pests, root aphids, root scales, root beetles, termites, etc., which are extremely harmful to sweet potatoes. If farmers find them, they should control them in time.

2. How to control sweet potato pests.

1.Quicklime disinfects the soil.

After harvesting sweet potatoes in autumn, lay more than 1,000 kg of straw and straw per acre, sprinkle 50-100 kg of quicklime, and then carry out deep ploughing* Bury the quicklime in the ground, because quicklime will heat up when it encounters water, kill underground pests, and rot the straw and straw into organic fertilizer.

2.Chemical control.

Before land preparation, 5% of the phosphine particles are evenly sprinkled on the ground, then raked with a rake and hoe, and the agent is well mixed in the soil to kill underground pests. In addition, 50% phosphine emulsion, 90% crystalline trichlorfon 800 times, and 50% phosphine emulsion 500 times can also be used for prevention and control, but it is not recommended to use high-concentration pesticides, which are seriously polluted.

3.Agricultural control.

If conditions permit, water-upland rotation can be used to eliminate insect sources in the soil, improve soil moisture content, and inhibit the reproduction of pests. Rotting organic fertilizer was applied and trichlorfon powder insecticide was mixed to cut off the transmission route of eggs. 4.Pre-planting control.

4.Disease-resistant varieties must be selected in order to prevent the disease at its root. After harvesting, sawdust and part of the sulfur can be used to ignite and fumigate in the storage pit to produce sweet potato acetone, inhibit the germination of black spot spores, and reduce the occurrence of diseases.

Before planting, soak in 500 times water with 50% Tobuzine wettable powder, which can effectively control the occurrence of diseases.

Avoid mechanical damage to sweet potatoes during harvesting. After harvesting, sweet potatoes can be stored in a warm room to promote breathing and heat release, as well as to **wounds. If there is water in the field, it must be drained in time to reduce the occurrence of sweet potato soft rot.

Pesticides. Because after the pesticide is applied to the sweet potato in my house, the pests and diseases disappear, so you should use pesticide to control it.

First of all, when planting sweet potatoes, we must choose the land with relatively fertile soil, and we must use farmhouse fertilizer when fertilizing, do not use the fertilizer bought outside, and often water the plants, but also to prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases.

It is better to spray pesticides in time to prevent pests and diseases in this way.

Sweet potatoes are susceptible to underground pests, forming insect passages, making sweet potatoes rot, reducing quality, and being inedible in serious cases, resulting in reduced yield and loss of harvest. In production, the following methods can be taken in time to prevent poisoning and improve the yield and quality. 1.

During the rapid expansion of sweet potatoes, the roots are drenched once every 10 15 days with 25 30 times superphosphate mixed with dry and pure plant ash to leach the clarifying solution. Or 15 20 times tobacco leaf leaching clarifier, etc., 2 3 times in a row, each time about 5 6 kg per square meter of soil is appropriate. Or the root is drenched with 40 50 times tea bran aqueous solution, every 7 10 days, 2 3 times in a row, each time 10 15 kg per square meter.

2.During the growth and development of sweet potatoes, spray 1000 times Lesben aqueous solution on the foliar surface every 10 15 days, evenly spray all the leaves, and spray 3 5 times continuously to start with water droplets flowing down the stems and leaves to the roots.

In the process of planting sweet potatoes, sometimes some underground pests will be attacked, which will affect the appearance and quality of sweet potatoes, so what are the reasons for the occurrence of underground pests in sweet potatoes? What are the prevention and control methods? Let's talk about it in detail below!

1. Reasons for the occurrence of underground pests in sweet potatoes.

The main underground pests of sweet potatoes are soil-borne pests caused by continuous cropping. The eggs of this underground pest hide in the soil for overwintering and become active when the temperature rises.

These include:ground tiger, needleworm, root maggot, root aphid, etc.; The other is a fully decomposed organic fertilizer, mainly including mole crickets, grubs, etc. The eggs of this kind of pest will lurk in the organic manure, and friends who have lived in the countryside should know that a lot of grubs will crawl out after picking up the organic manure, especially the manure with high humidity.

When farmers apply organic fertilizer to the ground, they bring this kind of pests to the soil at the same time.

In the middle, mole crickets, grubs, ground tigers, etc. all bite the rhizomes or seed blocks of sweet potato seedlings, causing the seedlings to wither and die or destroy the seeds.

2. Prevention and control methods for underground pests in sweet potatoes.

The control methods of underground pests can be divided into two types: physical control and chemical control. Physical control is now in place, especially for soil-borne pests. As we all know, the eggs of pests can only be safely wintered by hiding in the soil, so they only need to be deeply ploughed and turned deep after winter to destroy the hiding conditions of pests, and the eggs can be frozen to death.

That's why the colder the winter and the cooler the temperature, the fewer pests there will be in the spring of the following year.

1. The organic fertilizer is fully decomposed to eliminate pests.

Farmers must be fully decomposed according to the requirements when decomposing organic manure, and only after high temperature treatment can the eggs and germs in the manure be killed together, so as to reduce the pests and diseases caused by organic fertilizer. Organic fertilizer can also cause phenomenon such as seedling burning if it is not fully decomposed, which is not conducive to the growth of crops.

2. Chemical control methods

Chemical control methods are mainly divided into soil disinfection, seed dressing, root irrigation and other methods.

1) Soil disinfection is mainly combined with deep soil turning, sprinkled with phosphine particles and mixed evenly with the soil, with pre-winter irrigation. Or when applying organic fertilizer, it is mixed with phosphine and other agents for disinfection.

2) Irrigating roots to kill insects. In the sweet potato root expansion stage, 30 times of superphosphate and plant ash were dissolved in water, and the supernatant was taken for root irrigation after full mixing, and the roots were irrigated once every half month. You can also irrigate the roots with 20 times the tobacco leaf leaching solution, 3500 kg per mu, and you can irrigate the roots about 3 times in a row.

These two liquids are pure plant and fertilizer type, and will not cause any pesticide damage to sweet potatoes, so they can be used with confidence.

In addition, the method of foliar spraying can also be adopted, that is, the sweet potato leaves can be sprayed with 1000 times Lesben solution, so that the liquid medicine flows down the leaves to the rhizome, and it can be sprayed once every 10 days, and about 3 times in a row.

In order to effectively prevent underground pests, the land for long-term sweet potato planting should be planted in rotation, and the soil needs to be deeply ploughed and tillage to be effectively avoided.

Superphosphate or tobacco leaf leaching clarification solution can be used to spray the roots, or use Lesben aqueous solution for foliar spraying, all have control effects, sweet potato underground pest control can be used crop rotation stubble, deep ploughing, timely irrigation and other agricultural methods.

Sweet potato underground pests can be controlled by agricultural methods such as crop rotation and stubble, deep ploughing, and timely irrigation. It can also be used in the rapid expansion period, and the calcium phosphate can be mixed with dry and pure plant ash to leach the clarification solution.

About agricultural technology.

aspects of the problem you.

You can buy a book and study it on your own.

Underground pests that often occur in production include beetles, mole crickets, needleworms, crickets, ground tigers, etc. Among them, Scarab is the most common and the most serious, and the common species are Scarab aeruginosa, Scarab scarab, Scarab scarab with black gill, Scarab scarab with flat hair, Scarab scarab with small blue and white flowers, etc.

#41;Integrated control. Underground pests are a kind of pests that are difficult to control, relying on a single control method has little effect, and comprehensive control must be carried out in order to obtain the desired effect.

#41;Contiguous prevention and control. Many kinds of pests have the habit of migrating, and the control of one household cannot achieve the purpose of control at all.

#41;Continuous prevention and control. There are many kinds of pests, so the habits are also ever-changing, some pests are a generation a year, some pests are several generations a year, some pests are a few generations a year, and some pests have intermediate hosts, so a control can not be a good one, only a few years of continuous control, in order to achieve significant results.

#41;Pollution-free prevention and control. The use of pollution-free methods to control underground pests of sweet potatoes will not pollute sweet potatoes and will not endanger human health, which is the direction of pest control in the future.

3 Prevention and control methods.

#41;Turn it deep at the right time. When winter comes, most of the underground pests overwinter underground, and the overwintering depth is generally concentrated.

10~30 cm。At this time, if deep ploughing is carried out, after a winter of night freezing and day dissipation, most of the overwintering pests will be killed, and a better control effect can be achieved. Generally, from the end of November to the beginning of December each year, the sweet potato reserved field is deeply turned, and the depth is preferred.

30 cm or more. If the soil can be treated with chemicals when deep ploughing, the effect will be better.

#41;Trapping. From the end of March to the beginning of April, it is the period of frequent activity and mating of ground tigers and lepidopteran adults, and during this period, the methods of black light trapping and sweet and sour trapping can be used to eliminate the adults, which can greatly reduce the density of the insect population, so as to achieve a better effect of controlling underground pests.

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There are several common pests and diseases of sweet potato:

Viral disease, leaf spot, scab, sweet potato blast, sweet potato vine cutting disease, sweet potato soft rot, etc.

The first method of disease prevention and control is to use detoxification seedlings and disinfection of seedlings; The second is to carry out pharmaceutical prevention and control according to different diseases. Control and prevention of physiological diseases: due to soil deficiency, physiological deficiency, poor environment and other factors (too dry, too wet, daily burning, high temperature, low temperature) and other physiological diseases, it causes a variety of physiological diseases such as deficiency, sunburn, aging, weakness, wilting, etc.

Control methods: select resistant varieties or non-sensitive varieties; Choose robust varieties that grow strongly; Proper watering to keep the surface and plants dry; Maintain proper density; Crop rotation can be reduced by maintaining crop rotation on planting plots. For non-infectious diseases, sulfur and copper preparations are used for prevention and control.

For bacterial diseases, such as soft rot, proper watering and watering at the same time keep the surface and plants dry. Fungal diseases, such as downy mildew, rust and other soil-borne diseases, can be prevented by mulching and drip irrigation to keep the environment dry.

1. Leaf rollers.

Symptoms: Leaf curlers generally hide on the back of sweet potato leaves, and then slowly roll up the sweet potato leaves from a corner, and finally slowly gnaw all the mesophyll of sweet potato leaves from the inside, leaving only a layer of film and leaf stems, when the disease is more serious, you will find that the field is bare, although the sweet potato grows in the soil, but it still needs to photosynthesize, so it will affect the growth of sweet potato.

Control methods: for the prevention and control of leaf rollers, we can only use pesticides to spray and kill, when we find that the sweet potato leaves in the field have leaf curls, we first see if it is caused by leaf rollers, if so, then we can use trichlorfon crystals for control.

2. Viral diseases.

Symptoms: The symptoms of viral disease are large and small spots on sweet potato leaves and sweet potato stems, and then slowly deepen and spread, resulting in a phenomenon of death and decay of the whole plant, which is mostly caused by improper water management in the field.

Prevention and control methods: too much water in the field, will cause bacterial infection, and the formation of viral diseases, the best way to prevent and control is to strengthen the water management in the field, in the field when planting, a good ditch in the field, so as to facilitate the drainage after the rainfall, when the rainfall is more, to dredge the ditch in time, the water is discharged, so that it is generally difficult to get sick. If the disease develops, then we can use chlorothalonil solution for prevention.

3. Nematode disease.

Symptoms: nematode disease mainly harms the fruit of sweet potato, followed by the stem of sweet potato will also appear this symptom, the surface of sweet potato has brown spots, is one by one, as if bitten by insects, when the sweet potato is broken open, the flesh inside the sweet potato is bad, this is due to the nematode crawling over, and gnawing on the surface, and then after the disease penetrates deep into the fruit, seriously affecting the quality of sweet potato.

Control methods: for the control method of nematodes, we generally choose varieties with strong disease resistance when selecting seeds, followed by pesticide treatment compared to seeds when sowing, and finally do insecticide treatment on the land of cuttings, so that the planted sweet potatoes have a certain immunity to nematodes to a large extent, and the impact will not be so great. Secondly, when we plant, we can sprinkle some avermectin 10-20 times in the soil, which can also play a good protective role.

4. Soft rot.

Symptoms: Sweet potatoes are not the same as normal when they are dug up, they are already rotten when they are dug up, and if you touch it, it will emit a foul smell, so that the sweet potatoes are completely bad and can not be reused, the cause of this disease is also due to too much moisture in the field, followed by missing the best harvest period and being frozen, so it seriously affects the yield and quality of sweet potatoes.

Prevention and control methods: first of all, we should strengthen the intensity of field management, followed by timely harvesting, so that it will not be frostbitten, and finally the sweet potatoes collected are soaked in carbendazim solution once or twice and then fished out, dried and then collected, so that there will be no soft rot.