What is the difference between the two propositions before and after the Restoration?

The ideological core of the reformists was to set up a parliament, open a parliament, and implement a constitutional monarchy, and Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao wanted to learn from Japan. However, the class attribute of the reformers was the bourgeoisie, but China's national bourgeoisie was born in the sixties and seventies of the nineteenth century, and China's semi-colonial and semi-feudal social attributes determined that China's national bourgeoisie had the dual character of revolution and compromise from the very beginning.

The reformers' demand for reform was a reflection of their revolutionary side, but in practice, the reformers mostly showed their compromise. Rely on an emperor who has no real power to implement the reforms. Just imagine, in the course of China's feudal society, the imperial power was supreme, how could the emperor himself implement a constitutional monarchy?

Therefore, in the process of changing the law, there is no content of setting up parliamentarians, opening a parliament, and implementing a constitutional monarchy, which means that the actions of the reformers are backward from their thinking. The reformers did not have a broad mass base throughout the reform, and their reform was carried out from the top down on the imperial power, with the aim of maintaining the rule of the Qing dynasty and then developing capitalism.

Sun Yat-sen was the leader of the bourgeois revolutionary faction and had a relatively complete revolutionary program, which demanded the overthrow of the rule of the Qing Dynasty, the establishment of a bourgeois democratic republic, and the idea of learning from the United States.

Thus, in the context of the vigorous development of the bourgeois national revolutionary movement, the original reformers in exile stood on the opposite side of the revolution and became royalists and opposed to the revolution.

The means of the reformists were reform, and the means of the revolutionaries was violence.

In the early days, the bourgeois reformers of the late Qing Dynasty, represented by Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao, advocated a top-down reform movement and implemented a constitutional monarchy to develop capitalism and save the nation from peril.

However, after the failure of the reform, he gradually became a "royalist" and began to move towards the opposite side of history!

The Restorationist School is one of the earliest schools of thought in China to seek institutional change, and this is the first ideological emancipation movement in China. It should be told in your history textbook, junior high school and high school still have some understanding when you go to college, and the main content is still very clear and clear. <>

One is the political system.

The reform of the state emphasizes a constitutional monarchy.

Who is this constitutional monarchy imitating? Apparently those countries of the West. In the earliest days, those countries in the West and those countries in Europe were themselves ruled by emperors, but they were called differently, and later through the capitalist WeChat movement, through the bourgeoisie.

The change so that those nominal emperors still exist as a spiritual pillar for the peopleAnd then the real ruler of the country and the governance of the country gradually stripped away from the hands of those people and established a system like a parliament. <>

One is economic reform, advocating the pursuit of Western business ideas, enriching the country and strengthening the army, although the economic reform is not thorough, the reformers really tried some when they were in power, but in the end there were few who could really stay. Because of the 100-day Restoration.

Hawkers, it didn't last long before it was suppressed, so these economic things can only be said to be against the primitive capitalist system in China later.

The development of primitive economic development has played a certain enlightening roleHowever, the real development still has to look at the back, and it was not until Sun Yat-sen and his people went to change that it had a real driving effect. <>

Of course, there are other aspects of the system, but there is no need to elaborate on them one by one, this WeChat movement is still essentially a self-help movement of the landlord class, and this has not changed. It's just that they are trying to find another system to make the Qing ** at that time.

was able to maintain the rule at that time, because at that time, some people did find that it was indeed impossible to rule simply by relying on the original feudal systemIf you can't fight a war or do business, you can't do business, so you have to change, they want to maintain the situation of the original emperor's rule, but they don't want to change completely.

The idea of the reformers was to change the law, and they wanted to learn the Western way of saving the country, but because of the failure of the leader, the whole reform also failed.

He advocated the opening of the House of Representatives, limited the power of the monarch, implemented a constitutional monarchy, and actively demanded the reform of the law.

1. The reformists aroseReform and reformThe political faction that established a constitutional monarchy during the period ended in failure:

The reformists directly used the doctrine of natural human rights, freedom and equality as the ideology of revolutionary struggle and propagated the idea of bourgeois democratic revolution. Kang Youwei.

Liang Qichao, Zhang Jian.

Wait. Second, the reformists advocated the use of violence to overthrow the Qing Dynasty, while the reformists advocated the use of nonviolence to achieve social change. On behalf of Kang Youwei and others. As a result, it failed due to the disparity of power between the old and the new.

1.The reformers put Western capitalism.

The political doctrine was combined with traditional Confucianism to propagate the principles of the Restoration;

2..The reformers advocated the reform of the law, the implementation of a constitutional monarchy, and the development of capitalism, but did not touch the feudal land system; The reformists advocated the establishment of a bourgeois republic and a change in the feudal land system;

3.The reformers adopted the method of peaceful reform, carrying out reforms from the top down; The reformists overthrew the Qing dynasty with a violent revolution.

Western-style faction. Both the reformers advocated the establishment of new schools, the encouragement of factories and mines, and the construction of navies. Both the Westernists and the Reformists were the products of the new trend of thought of "learning from the West" since the Opium War; With the development of the Western-style movement, a part of the Western-style faction was separated from the Western-style faction to form the early reformist faction.

Similarities: Both factions advocate learning from the West, introducing advanced Western technology, enriching the country and strengthening the army, establishing new-style schools, and cultivating talents.

Differences: Zheng Zheng Chun stool rule: The Westernists maintained the feudal system of the Qing Dynasty.

The reformers advocated the revitalization of civil rights.

The House of Representatives is opened, and a constitutional monarchy is implemented.

Economically, the Westernists set up government-run industries, and the reformists encouraged the development of national industry and commerce.

Ideologically and culturally, the Westernists advocated that "the Westernists should simply learn from foreign manufacturing techniques, while the reformists advocated not only learning Western science and technology, but also learning advanced ideology and culture, and their fundamental differences lie in the question of what to learn from the West."

1.determined by socio-historical conditions

The Westernists arose in an era when class contradictions were acute in China and there was collusion between Chinese and foreign reactionary forces, and Chinese national capitalism was at that time.

Not yet generated. The Restorationists were the Yangsen Reform Movement.

Some problems were exposed and appeared after the emergence of capitalism, shouting brigades in the First Sino-Japanese War.

Growing up in conditions of failure and unprecedented national crisis.

2.Determined by political status

Most of the representatives of the Westernists were feudal bureaucrats, and they were bound to maintain the feudal system. Most of the representatives of the Restorationists were middle- and lower-class intellectuals, who were easily receptive to Western political ideas and put forward proposals for change.

Hello, the characteristics of the ideas of the reformers are that they advocate learning from Western countries, demand the implementation of certain political and economic reforms, and hope to turn China into an independent, prosperous, and powerful country. The early reformers had the patriotic idea of opposing foreign capitalist aggression and safeguarding national sovereignty and national independence.

Significance: It has promoted the development of capitalism in China, disseminated capitalist ideas, laid the foundation for the development of later reform ideas, and I hope my answer can help you, I wish you a happy life! Happy New Year!

The representatives of the Restorationists were:Liang Qichao

Ren Gong, also known as the owner of the ice room, the ice drinker, the mourning guest, the new people of China, and the master of the free fast. Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty.

He was a modern Chinese thinker, politician, educator, historian, and writer.

Pentecostal Variation. 100-Day Restoration).

1. The representative figures of the modern Chinese Restoration and the New Legalists are quarrelsome. Economically, it advocates the revitalization of industry and the development of the economy.

Ideologically and culturally, it disseminated democratic political ideas, introduced Western natural sciences and social theories, criticized the traditional Chinese ethical program, and promoted the awakening of the people. In particular, the emancipation of the minds of intellectuals has played an important enlightening role, and these have made important political and ideological preparations for the arrival of the democratic revolution in a more complete sense.

In the 60s and 70s of the 19th century, it was Liang Shuchi who split from the Westernists, and its representatives were Wang Tao and Zheng Guanying. Proposals: Economically revitalize industry and commerce and develop the capitalist economy; Politically, it advocates learning from the Western political system and implementing a constitutional monarchy; Culturally, it advocates learning Western ideology, culture, science and technology, and establishing new-style schools.

All of them represent the interests and demands of the national bourgeoisie, and they are all patriotic and progressive. In the early days, the reform ideas only put forward some reform proposals for specific problems, but did not form a complete theory. Kang Liang's new thought not only put forward a specific reform plan, but also provided a theoretical basis and historical basis for the reform of the law, so that the idea of reform of the law could form a relatively complete theory.

The early ideas of the Restoration were not put into action, but they laid the foundation for Kang Liang to combine the ideas of the Restoration with the salvation of the nation from peril, and quickly developed them into a political movement to save the country and survive.

The early Restorationists compared to the Restorationists: did not form a complete theory. Kang Youwei combined the political theories of Western capitalism with traditional Confucianism, and wrote "The Examination of the New Pseudo-scriptures" and "The Examination of Confucius's Reform", which demonstrated the rationality of the reform. Liang Qichao's "General Discussion on Law Change" and other works clarified the necessity of law change, thus forming a relatively complete theory of reform and law change.

Not put into practice. The Restorationists led a movement to reform the law.

Early Reform Thoughts: Economically, he advocated the development of national industry and commerce and the commercial war with foreign countries; Culturally, it advocates the establishment of schools to learn the knowledge of Western natural sciences; Politically, he advocated reform and the introduction of a constitutional monarchy.

Influence of the Early Restoration: The ideas of the Restoration developed on the basis of the ideas of the early Restoration.

According to the knowledge code Wu Xian learned, it can be seen that the representatives of the early reform faction were Wang Tao and Zheng Guanying, so c is correct;

A is a representative of the germination of new ideas, so A is wrong;

B is a representative of the Restoration, so B is wrong;

D is a representative of the Ge Chi Beat School, so D is wrong

Therefore, C